爬蟲入門到放棄系列07：js混淆、eval加密、字體加密三大反爬技術
前言
如果再說IP請求次數檢測、驗證碼這種最常見的反爬蟲技術，可能大家聽得耳朵都出繭子了。當然，也有的同學寫了了幾天的爬蟲，覺得爬蟲太簡單、沒有啥挑戰性。所以特地找了三個有一定難度的網站，希望可以有興趣的手動實踐一下。
此篇文章只作知識擴展和思路引導，其中涉及的網站反爬技術，僅做技術學習探討。
字體加密
字體加密總結成一句話：你看到的不是你看到的。
地址
貓眼電影：//maoyan.com/films/343568
問題還原
最近的哥斯拉大戰金剛看了沒啊，好看不，評分高不高，票房多少了？讓我們去貓眼看一看吧。
這一看問題就來了：為什麼評分和票房在源碼里都是”口口”？在頁面中看到的評分和票房去哪兒了？
追根溯源
話不多說，先看源碼：
看完更疑問了，這個&#x又是啥？這個其實是html中的轉義序列，表示後面跟着的是十六進制，處理後在控制台打印一下，如圖：
這些數字和票房目前是一分錢關係都沒有。那就想辦法讓他們有所關聯。
從網頁中找到了以下代碼：
其實這就是在css中使用@font-face通過woff文件自定義了字體，源碼中的十六進制數字必須通過這個字體映射才能正確顯示。就像UTF-8和GBK的關係，編碼和解碼一致才不會出現亂碼。
這裡我將woff字體文件下載到本地並用工具打開。
從網頁上看到票房是5.74億，這裡就主要關注數字5。從上圖可以看出5對應的是glyph11。
使用工具將woff文件轉換成xml格式：
glyph11對應的是id=11的glyph，其對應的name為uniE8CD。接着在xml中找到uniE8CD對應的十六進制：
如圖，uniE8CD對應的是0xe8cd，也就是說數字5對應的是0xe8cd，正是在控制台輸出的第一個數字。
eval() & JS加密
js被加密後放在eval()中執行。如果想還原js，在開發者控制台使用console.log()輸出解密後的js。因為不論是eval()還是log()，js解析執行最終都依賴於瀏覽器內核。
地址
TV貓：//www.tvmao.com/program/CCTV
問題還原
在頻道劇集頁，分為早間、午間、晚間節目。如圖：
在發起請求獲取頻道劇集數據的時候，發現返回內容只有早間節目數據，12點以後的劇集數據獲取不到。
查看網頁源碼：
追根溯源
我們在控制台的請求中，搜索網頁中的關鍵字”熊熊樂園”，害，果不其然，還真搜着了。
這個響應結果是一個數組，下標0代表標誌位：1代表獲取到了數據，0代表沒有獲取到數據；下標1是數據位，對應接口的返回數據。
解析此響應結果的代碼比較繁雜，需要對多餘內容進行替換。
代碼如下：
其實上面代碼它並不重要！！接着我們順着網線去看他的請求部分：
從請求頭中可以看出，請求就一個參數p，1、2、3… 整整186位，你看這個參數它又長悠長，像那寂寥的雨巷。雖然等不來那撐着油紙傘的姑娘，但是至少可以先看看這個參數p是怎麼生成的。
在搜索框搜索api和pg關鍵字，找到下面代碼：
別管其他，帶有ajax字樣十有八九就是ajax請求了，參數p的值是變量a，在生成變量a的代碼處設置斷點，點擊頁面中的”查看更多”按鈕觸發斷點，接着進入A.d()方法：
往上翻，查看js上部分：
其實到這裡就已經可以結束了，你看在d()中又調用了w()，w()也調用了A中其他方法，將這個js中方法調用鏈搞清楚，將每個方法代碼都內聯起來，最後計算出參數p，就可以了。
那麼，說好的eval呢，說好的加密的js呢？
少俠莫慌，這就帶您繼續看下去。如果你仔細看，你就會發現上面的js的文件名是匿名/臨時的，所以說這不是網站原有的js文件，而是瀏覽器內核解析後的js。
那該怎麼找到原來的js文件？
不知少俠可知搜索功能，你看上面的js中有keyStr這個關鍵字，咱不妨搜索一波。
這不，如圖，eval()有了，加密js也有了，拷貝成文本如下：
eval(function(h, b, i, d, g, f) {
g = function(a) {
return (a < b ? "" : g(parseInt(a / b))) + ((a = a % b) > 35 ? String.fromCharCode(a + 29) : a.toString(36))
}
;
if (!"".replace(/^/, String)) {
while (i--) {
f[g(i)] = d[i] || g(i)
}
d = [function(a) {
return f[a]
}
];
g = function() {
return "\\w+"
}
;
i = 1
}
while (i--) {
if (d[i]) {
h = h.replace(new RegExp("\\b" + g(i) + "\\b","g"), d[i])
}
}
return h
}('5 A={z:"1o+/=",1b:"1l=1k",J:j(a){5 b="";5 c,L,M,14,16,O,N;5 i=0;a=A.1g(a);1t(i<a.R){c=a.S(i++);L=a.S(i++);M=a.S(i++);14=c>>2;16=((c&3)<<4)|(L>>4);O=((L&15)<<2)|(M>>6);N=M&Q;9(1f(L)){O=N=18}K 9(1f(M)){N=18}b=b+y.z.C(14)+y.z.C(16)+y.z.C(O)+y.z.C(N)}8 b},H:j(a){a=a.1G();5 b=\'\';Z(5 i=0;i<a.R;i++){b+=y.1b[a.C(i)]}Z(5 i=0;i<a.R;i++){b+=y.z[a.C(i)]}8 b},1g:j(a){a=a.1B(/\\r\\n/g,"\\n");5 b="";Z(5 n=0;n<a.R;n++){5 c=a.S(n);9(c<P){b+=I.G(c)}K 9((c>1x)&&(c<1w)){b+=I.G((c>>6)|1q);b+=I.G((c&Q)|P)}K{b+=I.G((c>>12)|1p);b+=I.G(((c>>6)&Q)|P);b+=I.G((c&Q)|P)}}8 b},E:j(a){$(\':U[V="19"]\',a).10(A.J(\'l\'+$(".19",a).10()+\'o\'))},B:j(a){5 b=(1c 1d()).1i();9(a!=m)8 A.J(a+\'|\'+b);K 8 A.J(\'\'+b)},e:j(u){5 x=1;5 f=$(\'T\').13();5 a=f.W("U[11=\'1j\']");9(a!=m){x=2}K 9(u!=m){x=u}9(f==m)8 x;8 f.D(\'a\')},c:j(e){5 v;5 f=$(\'T\').13();9(f==m)8"";5 s=f.W("*[17=\'1m\']");9(s==m){v=f.W("U[11=\'1n\']");9(v==m)8"";v=e}v=s.D(\'Y\');8 v},d:j(p,h){5 v=A.w(h);5 a=$("1r.1s");5 x=a||p;9(a!=m){x=h||$("s.1h")}x=A.c();5 b=1c 1d();5 c=b.1u();5 d=b.1v();5 i=d==0?7:d;i=i*i;5 F=y.z.C(i);8 F+A.J(x+"|"+A.e(p))+v},w:j(v){5 t=$("1y");5 a="|";9(t==m){X="/"}K{X=v}5 r=A.J(a+k(X));8 r},s:j(a,b){5 c=y.z.C(1z);8 A.J(c+a)}};5 k=j(a){5 f=$(\'T\').13();9(f==m)8"";5 b=f.D(\'Y\');9(b==m)f.D(\'Y\',a);8 f.D(\'q\')};$(j(){5 b=$(\'<U 17="1A" V="1a"/>\');b.10(A.B());$(\'T[V="1C"]\').1D(b);$(\'a[11^="1E"]\').1F(j(){5 a=$(y).D("1e")+"&1a="+1H(A.B());$(y).D("1e",a)})});', 62, 106, "|||||var|||return|if||||||||||function|||undefined||||||||||||this|_keyStr|||charAt|attr|||fromCharCode||String||else|chr2|chr3|enc4|enc3|128|63|length|charCodeAt|form|input|name|find|tl|id|for|val|class||first|enc1||enc2|type|64|ed|ek|_keyStr2|new|Date|href|isNaN|_C|fix1|getTime|baidu|DVGO|KQMFS|submit|qq|ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789|224|192|div|fix|while|getUTCDate|getDay|2048|127|head|37|hidden|replace|frmlogin|append|by|each|toString|encodeURIComponent".split("|"), 0, {}))
在控制台中將eval()中的加密js使用console.log()打印出來，結果和之前的匿名js一樣。
如圖：
setCookie & 混淆加密
其實setCookie是一個js混淆加密，但是我之所以叫他setCookie，是因為它的代碼起點和核心圍繞着一個setCookie函數。
地址
智聯招聘：//jobs.zhaopin.com/beijing
問題還原
當對上面網址發起請求，發現返回的網頁內容是一堆看不懂的”亂碼”。
如圖：
這裡我把響應內容複製了出來，供大家閱讀。
<html><script src="//aeu.alicdn.com/waf/antidomxss.js"></script><script>
var arg1='7CF8FE6084F244597FE93D42AFEB6C2ED7029D82';
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追根溯源
這個是不是看起來比eval()還要頭大一些，密密麻麻的都是16進制數。別慌，讓我來給他美化一波！！
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_0x4a2aed += '%' + ('00' + _0x401af1['charCodeAt'](_0x124d17)['toString'](0x10))['slice'](-0x2);
}
_0x401af1 = decodeURIComponent(_0x4a2aed);
for (var _0x2d67ec = 0x0; _0x2d67ec < 0x100; _0x2d67ec++) {
_0x45079a[_0x2d67ec] = _0x2d67ec;
}
for (_0x2d67ec = 0x0; _0x2d67ec < 0x100; _0x2d67ec++) {
_0x52d57c = (_0x52d57c + _0x45079a[_0x2d67ec] + _0x532ac0['charCodeAt'](_0x2d67ec % _0x532ac0['length'])) % 0x100;
_0x105f59 = _0x45079a[_0x2d67ec];
_0x45079a[_0x2d67ec] = _0x45079a[_0x52d57c];
_0x45079a[_0x52d57c] = _0x105f59;
}
_0x2d67ec = 0x0;
_0x52d57c = 0x0;
for (var _0x4e5ce2 = 0x0; _0x4e5ce2 < _0x401af1['length']; _0x4e5ce2++) {
_0x2d67ec = (_0x2d67ec + 0x1) % 0x100;
_0x52d57c = (_0x52d57c + _0x45079a[_0x2d67ec]) % 0x100;
_0x105f59 = _0x45079a[_0x2d67ec];
_0x45079a[_0x2d67ec] = _0x45079a[_0x52d57c];
_0x45079a[_0x52d57c] = _0x105f59;
_0x3fd789 += String['fromCharCode'](_0x401af1['charCodeAt'](_0x4e5ce2) ^ _0x45079a[(_0x45079a[_0x2d67ec] + _0x45079a[_0x52d57c]) % 0x100]);
}
return _0x3fd789;
};
_0x55f3['rc4'] = _0x232678;
}
if (!_0x55f3['data']) {
_0x55f3['data'] = {};
}
if (_0x55f3['data'][_0x4c97f0] === undefined) {
if (!_0x55f3['once']) {
var _0x5f325c = function(_0x23a392) {
this['rc4Bytes'] = _0x23a392;
this['states'] = [0x1, 0x0, 0x0];
this['newState'] = function() {
return 'newState';
};
this['firstState'] = '\w+ *\(\) *{\w+ *';
this['secondState'] = '['|"].+['|"];? *}';
};
_0x5f325c['prototype']['checkState'] = function() {
var _0x19f809 = new RegExp(this['firstState'] + this['secondState']);
return this['runState'](_0x19f809['test'](this['newState']['toString']()) ? --this['states'][0x1] : --this['states'][0x0]);
};
_0x5f325c['prototype']['runState'] = function(_0x4380bd) {
if (!Boolean(~_0x4380bd)) {
return _0x4380bd;
}
return this['getState'](this['rc4Bytes']);
};
_0x5f325c['prototype']['getState'] = function(_0x58d85e) {
for (var _0x1c9f5b = 0x0, _0x1ce9e0 = this['states']['length']; _0x1c9f5b < _0x1ce9e0; _0x1c9f5b++) {
this['states']['push'](Math['round'](Math['random']()));
_0x1ce9e0 = this['states']['length'];
}
return _0x58d85e(this['states'][0x0]);
};
new _0x5f325c(_0x55f3)['checkState']();
_0x55f3['once'] = !! [];
}
_0x48181e = _0x55f3['rc4'](_0x48181e, _0x1742fd);
_0x55f3['data'][_0x4c97f0] = _0x48181e;
} else {
_0x48181e = _0x55f3['data'][_0x4c97f0];
}
return _0x48181e;
};
var arg3 = null;
var arg4 = null;
var arg5 = null;
var arg6 = null;
var arg7 = null;
var arg8 = null;
var arg9 = null;
var arg10 = null;
var l = function() {
while (window[_0x55f3('0x1', 'XMW^')] || window['__phantomas']) {};
var _0x5e8b26 = _0x55f3('0x3', 'jS1Y');
String[_0x55f3('0x5', 'n]fR')][_0x55f3('0x6', 'Pg54')] = function(_0x4e08d8) {
var _0x5a5d3b = '';
for (var _0xe89588 = 0x0; _0xe89588 < this[_0x55f3('0x8', ')hRc')] && _0xe89588 < _0x4e08d8[_0x55f3('0xa', 'jE&^')]; _0xe89588 += 0x2) {
var _0x401af1 = parseInt(this[_0x55f3('0xb', 'V2KE')](_0xe89588, _0xe89588 + 0x2), 0x10);
var _0x105f59 = parseInt(_0x4e08d8[_0x55f3('0xd', 'XMW^')](_0xe89588, _0xe89588 + 0x2), 0x10);
var _0x189e2c = (_0x401af1 ^ _0x105f59)[_0x55f3('0xf', 'W1FE')](0x10);
if (_0x189e2c[_0x55f3('0x11', 'MGrv')] == 0x1) {
_0x189e2c = '0' + _0x189e2c;
}
_0x5a5d3b += _0x189e2c;
}
return _0x5a5d3b;
};
String['prototype'][_0x55f3('0x14', 'Z*DM')] = function() {
var _0x4b082b = [0xf, 0x23, 0x1d, 0x18, 0x21, 0x10, 0x1, 0x26, 0xa, 0x9, 0x13, 0x1f, 0x28, 0x1b, 0x16, 0x17, 0x19, 0xd, 0x6, 0xb, 0x27, 0x12, 0x14, 0x8, 0xe, 0x15, 0x20, 0x1a, 0x2, 0x1e, 0x7, 0x4, 0x11, 0x5, 0x3, 0x1c, 0x22, 0x25, 0xc, 0x24];
var _0x4da0dc = [];
var _0x12605e = '';
for (var _0x20a7bf = 0x0; _0x20a7bf < this['length']; _0x20a7bf++) {
var _0x385ee3 = this[_0x20a7bf];
for (var _0x217721 = 0x0; _0x217721 < _0x4b082b[_0x55f3('0x16', 'aH*N')]; _0x217721++) {
if (_0x4b082b[_0x217721] == _0x20a7bf + 0x1) {
_0x4da0dc[_0x217721] = _0x385ee3;
}
}
}
_0x12605e = _0x4da0dc['join']('');
return _0x12605e;
};
var _0x23a392 = arg1[_0x55f3('0x19', 'Pg54')]();
arg2 = _0x23a392[_0x55f3('0x1b', 'z5O&')](_0x5e8b26);
setTimeout('reload(arg2)', 0x2);
};
var _0x4db1c = function() {
function _0x355d23(_0x450614) {
if (('' + _0x450614 / _0x450614)[_0x55f3('0x1c', 'V2KE')] !== 0x1 || _0x450614 % 0x14 === 0x0) {
(function() {}[_0x55f3('0x1d', 'CNUY')]((undefined + '')[0x2] + ( !! [] + '')[0x3] + ([][_0x55f3('0x1e', 'w8PR')]() + '')[0x2] + (undefined + '')[0x0] + (![] + [0x0] + String)[0x14] + (![] + [0x0] + String)[0x14] + ( !! [] + '')[0x3] + ( !! [] + '')[0x1])());
} else {
(function() {}['constructor']((undefined + '')[0x2] + ( !! [] + '')[0x3] + ([][_0x55f3('0x1f', 'L$(D')]() + '')[0x2] + (undefined + '')[0x0] + (![] + [0x0] + String)[0x14] + (![] + [0x0] + String)[0x14] + ( !! [] + '')[0x3] + ( !! [] + '')[0x1])());
}
_0x355d23(++_0x450614);
}
try {
_0x355d23(0x0);
} catch (_0x54c483) {}
};
if (function() {
var _0x470d8f = function() {
var _0x4c97f0 = !! [];
return function(_0x1742fd, _0x4db1c) {
var _0x48181e = _0x4c97f0 ?
function() {
if (_0x4db1c) {
var _0x55f3be = _0x4db1c['apply'](_0x1742fd, arguments);
_0x4db1c = null;
return _0x55f3be;
}
} : function() {};
_0x4c97f0 = ![];
return _0x48181e;
};
}();
var _0x501fd7 = _0x470d8f(this, function() {
var _0x4c97f0 = function() {
return 'dev';
},
_0x1742fd = function() {
return 'window';
};
var _0x55f3be = function() {
var _0x3ad9a1 = new RegExp('\w+ *\(\) *{\w+ *['|"].+['|"];? *}');
return !_0x3ad9a1['test'](_0x4c97f0['toString']());
};
var _0x1b93ad = function() {
var _0x20bf34 = new RegExp('(\\[x|u](\w){2,4})+');
return _0x20bf34['test'](_0x1742fd['toString']());
};
var _0x5afe31 = function(_0x178627) {
var _0x1a0f04 = ~ - 0x1 >> 0x1 + 0xff % 0x0;
if (_0x178627['indexOf']('i' === _0x1a0f04)) {
_0xd79219(_0x178627);
}
};
var _0xd79219 = function(_0x5792f7) {
var _0x4e08d8 = ~ - 0x4 >> 0x1 + 0xff % 0x0;
if (_0x5792f7['indexOf'](( !! [] + '')[0x3]) !== _0x4e08d8) {
_0x5afe31(_0x5792f7);
}
};
if (!_0x55f3be()) {
if (!_0x1b93ad()) {
_0x5afe31('indеxOf');
} else {
_0x5afe31('indexOf');
}
} else {
_0x5afe31('indеxOf');
}
});
_0x501fd7();
var _0x3a394d = function() {
var _0x1ab151 = !! [];
return function(_0x372617, _0x42d229) {
var _0x3b3503 = _0x1ab151 ?
function() {
if (_0x42d229) {
var _0x7086d9 = _0x42d229[_0x55f3('0x21', 'KN)F')](_0x372617, arguments);
_0x42d229 = null;
return _0x7086d9;
}
} : function() {};
_0x1ab151 = ![];
return _0x3b3503;
};
}();
var _0x5b6351 = _0x3a394d(this, function() {
var _0x46cbaa = Function(_0x55f3('0x22', '&hZY') + _0x55f3('0x23', 'aH*N') + ');');
var _0x1766ff = function() {};
var _0x9b5e29 = _0x46cbaa();
_0x9b5e29[_0x55f3('0x26', 'aH*N')]['log'] = _0x1766ff;
_0x9b5e29[_0x55f3('0x29', 'V%YR')][_0x55f3('0x2a', 'P^Eq')] = _0x1766ff;
_0x9b5e29[_0x55f3('0x2c', 'lgM0')][_0x55f3('0x2d', 'L$(D')] = _0x1766ff;
_0x9b5e29[_0x55f3('0x2f', 'CZc8')][_0x55f3('0x30', 'Wu6%')] = _0x1766ff;
});
_0x5b6351();
try {
return !!window['addEventListener'];
} catch (_0x35538d) {
return ![];
}
}()) {
document[_0x55f3('0x33', 'V%YR')](_0x55f3('0x34', 'yApz'), l, ![]);
} else {
document[_0x55f3('0x36', 'yApz')](_0x55f3('0x37', 'L$(D'), l);
}
_0x4db1c();
setInterval(function() {
_0x4db1c();
}, 0xfa0);
function setCookie(name, value) {
var expiredate = new Date();
expiredate.setTime(expiredate.getTime() + (3600 * 1000));
document.cookie = name + "=" + value + ";expires=" + expiredate.toGMTString() + ";max-age=3600;path=/";
}
function reload(x) {
setCookie("acw_sc__v2", x);
document.location.reload();
} < /script></html >
上面是格式後的js。為什麼叫混淆函數，一是使用了十六進制數混淆，二是有用的代碼的確不多。我們從最後兩個函數看起，一個是reload(x)，一個是setCookie()。
reload()調用setCookie(),生成key=acw_sc__v2，value=x的cookie，然後通過document.location.reload()來刷新網頁。那麼關鍵來了，到底是誰生成x並調用的reload()？
我們搜索上面的代碼，發現了以下三行核心代碼：
var _0x23a392 = arg1[_0x55f3('0x19', 'Pg54')]();
arg2 = _0x23a392[_0x55f3('0x1b', 'z5O&')](_0x5e8b26);
setTimeout('reload(arg2)', 0x2);
這三行代碼中arg1是個字符串，_0x55f3是個方法名，arg2就是cookie中的value，理清之間的調用關係計算出arg2。
這個混淆js是非常有意思的，涉及的js基礎知識比較多，想要搞定主要還是依賴於debug和控制台。
結語
本文主要以技術介紹為主，也不難看出，做爬蟲還是需要有一丟丟丟前端功底的。如果你問我，既不想搞懂還想解決js加密行不行啊？我只想告訴你：程序員不能說不行。方法是有的，但是終究需要依賴第三方服務或者插件。
當然，很多網站都會有自己獨特的js加密方式，反爬技術的花樣也是層出不窮。有興趣的也可以一起探討學習。
爬蟲基礎篇完結於此。開始着手準備爬蟲框架scrapy系列的寫作了，期待下一次相遇。
95後小程序員，寫的都是日常工作中的親身實踐，置身於初學者的角度從0寫到1，保證能夠真正讓大家看懂。
文章會在公眾號 [入門到放棄之路] 首發，期待你的關注。
