0001-20180421-自动化第一章

• 2020 年 1 月 19 日
• 笔记

======================学习python================== 介绍： python种类： cpython(*),jpython,ironpython,rubypython,pypy … 种类有很多，规则只有一个 python版本 Python2.7 Python3.x 学习Phtyon，学习规则 1. 安装解释器 python.exe 解释器程序 2. 写代码，让解释器运行 ”黑框“：开始->cmd->回车 – 解释器路径 代码文件路径 （写代码） 添加操作系统环境变量：C:Python35; python 代码文件路径 – 解释器 （简单功能测试） 3. python2.7和python3.5共存，推荐：C，D: 规则： 1. print("你好，老狗") py2(accii): 中文报错 py3(utf-8):不报错 老外开发计算机，只能识别： – accii码（255个东西），字母，数字，符号… – utf-8编码，包含世间万物 代码头部写上(-python pytho官方推荐方法)： #-*- encoding:utf-8 -*- 2. 变量 a、基础 变量名 = 值 print("老狗") name = "老狗" print(name) PS: 变量名要求： – 可有：字母，数字，下划线 – 数字不能开头 – 不能是Python内部关键字：[ 'and','as' …] – 建议：见名知意 b、小高级 age = 18 age1 = age age2 = age1 print(age2) 3.初识数据类型 age = 18 整数类型 name = "名锐杰" 字符串类型 gender = True/False 布尔类型 #比较运算 result = 19 > 18 result = 19 < 18 result 19 >= 18 result 19 == 18 #数值运算 result = 1 + 1 result = 1 – 1 result = 1 * 1 result = 1 / 1 result = "名锐杰" + "李泉" # "名锐杰李泉" result = "名锐杰" * 8 # "名锐杰名锐杰名锐杰名锐杰名锐杰名锐杰名锐杰名锐杰" 4. 条件语句 如果：条件， – 成立：xxxx – 不成立：xxxx 形式一： if 条件: print('真') else: print('假') 示例： name = input('请输入用户名') if name == 'alex': msg = name + '我是傻叉' print(msg) else: print(name) 简化： if 条件: print('真')

形式二： if 条件： print('真') elif 条件: print('真') elif 条件: print('真') else: print('假') 示例： name = input('请输入用户名') if name == '名锐捷': print('好帅好帅') elif name == '李泉': print('好浪好浪') elif name == '刘永希': print('好诗好诗') else: print('编不下去了') 示例： name = input('请输入用户名') if name == '名锐捷': print('好帅好帅') elif name == '李泉': print('好浪好浪') elif name == '刘永希': print('好诗好诗') else: print('编不下去了') print('end')

变形： 示例(嵌套)： name = input('请输入用户名') if name == '名锐捷': age = input('请输入年龄:') if age == "18": print('好帅好帅') else: print('不帅') elif name == '李泉': print('好浪好浪') elif name == '刘永希': print('好诗好诗') else: print('编不下去了') print('end') 5. 输入 name = input('请输入用户名') # 让用户输入内容，输入内容赋值给name变量 print(name) python3 输入方法： name = input('>>>') python2 输入方法： name = raw_input('>>>') PS: 输入的内容——永远是字符串类型 6. 循环 while语句特征： 场景一: while 条件: 条件成立，执行此处代码(执行完毕，再回到条件处) print(1) if True: print(2) print(3) ———不会循环 print(1) while True: print(2) print(3) ——–永远打印2—-死循环 print(1) while True: print(2) print(22) print(32) print(3) print(1) flag = True while flag: print(2) flag = False print(3) print(1) start = 0 flag = True while flag: print(start) flag = False print(3) print(1) start = 0 flag = True while flag: print(start) start = start + 1 print(3) 场景二: while 条件: 条件成立，执行此处代码(执行完毕后，再回到条件) else: 条件不成立, 示例： #输出: 1-100连续数字 start = 1 flag = True while True: print(start) start = start + 1 if start == 100: flag = False

print('开始…') start = 1 flag = True while True: print(start) start = start + 1 if start == 100: print(start) flag = False print('结束了…') print('开始…') start = 1 while start < 101: print(start) start = start + 1 print('结束了…')

################################# 补充两个关键字： continue,break #################################

break—-跳出当前循环的外面，执行外面的代码

print(0) while True: print(1) break # 跳出当前循环 print(11) print(2) continue——跳，跳到True的位置，继续下一次循环(下面示例中的prin11,永远不会执行) print(0) while True: print(1) continue # 结束本次循环，进行下次循环 print(11) print(2) 使用break实现:1-100

start = 1 while True: print(start) start = start + 1 if start == 100 print(start) break 输出: 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10

start = 1 while start < 11: if start == 7: print(' ') else: print(start) start = start + 1 start = 1 while start < 11: if start == 7: pass else: print(start) start = start + 1

start = 1 while start < 11: if start == 7: start = start + 1 continue else: print(start) start = start + 1

while循环总结: 1. 书写规则 while 条件: 成立执行… else: 不成立执行 2. continue,break 赠送: 1. 奇偶数 num = 19 result = num % 2 if result == 0: print('偶数') else: print('奇数') 2. 1-100总和 sum = 0 start = 1 while start < 101 sum = sum + start print(sum) start = start + 1

练习题: 1. 打印 1-99之间所有的奇数 print('开始了… ') num = 0 while num < 100: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: print(num) print('end')

""" print('开始了… ') num = 0 while num <= 99: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: print(num) print('end') """ """ print('开始了… ') num = 0 while num <= 99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: print(num) num = num + 1 print('end') """ 2. 打印1-99之间所有能被3整除的数 print('开始了…') num = 0 while num < 100: num = num + 1 result = num % 3 if result == 0: print(num) print('end')

print('开始了… ') num = 1 while num <= 99: result = num % 3 if result == 0: print(num) num = num + 1 print('end')

3. 打印1-99之间所有数的总和 """ print('开始了…') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <= 99: sum = sum + num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') """

print('开始了…') num = 0 sum = 0 while num < 100: sum = sum + num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') 4. 打印1-99之间所有奇数的总和 print('开始了… ') num = 0 sum = 0 while num < 100: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num print(sum) print('end')

print('开始了… ') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <=99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') 5. 1-2+3-4+5-6+7…+99 之间所有数总和 print('开始了… ') num = 0 sum = 0 sum1 = 0 sum2 = 0 while num < 99: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum1 = sum1 + num # print(sum1) else: sum2 = sum2 + num # print(sum2) sum = sum1 – sum2 print(sum) print('end')

print('开始了… ') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <=99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num else: sum = sum – num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end')

print('开始了… ') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <=99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num else: sum = sum – num print(sum) num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') >>> dir(list) ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort'] >>>

>>> dir(__builtins__) ['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError', 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'RecursionError', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopAsyncIteration', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError', '_', '__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip'] >>>

通过help查看BIF的相关帮助 >>> help(input) Help on built-in function input in module builtins:

input(prompt=None, /) Read a string from standard input. The trailing newline is stripped. The prompt string, if given, is printed to standard output without a trailing newline before reading input. If the user hits EOF (*nix: Ctrl-D, Windows: Ctrl-Z+Return), raise EOFError. On *nix systems, readline is used if available.

>>>

 while 循环脚本：

1 sum = 0  2 start = 1  3 while start < 999999999:  4     sum = sum + start  5     print(sum)  6     start = start + 1

1-99所有数求和：

 1 """   2 print('开始了...')   3 num = 1   4 sum = 0   5 while num <= 99:   6     sum = sum + num   7     num = num + 1   8     print(sum)   9 print('end')  10 """  11  12 print('开始了...')  13 num = 0  14 sum = 0  15 while num < 100:  16     sum = sum + num  17     num = num + 1  18     print(sum)  19 print('end')

1-99所有奇数求和：

 1 """   2 print('开始了... ')   3 num = 1   4 sum = 0   5 while num <=99:   6     result = num % 2   7     if result == 1:   8         sum = sum + num   9     num = num + 1  10 print(sum)  11 print('end')  12  13 """  14 print('开始了... ')  15 num = 0  16 sum = 0  17 while num < 100:  18     num = num + 1  19     result = num % 2  20     if result == 1:  21         sum = sum + num  22         print(sum)  23 print('end')

打印1-99所有奇数：

 1 print('开始了... ')   2 num = 0   3 while num <= 99:   4     result = num % 2   5     if result == 1:   6         print(num)   7     num = num + 1   8 print('end')   9  10  11 """  12 print('开始了... ')  13 num = 0  14 while num <= 99:  15     num = num + 1  16     result = num % 2  17     if result == 1:  18         print(num)  19 print('end')  20 """  21 """  22 print('开始了... ')  23 num = 0  24 while num < 100:  25     num = num + 1  26     result = num % 2  27     if result == 1:  28         print(num)  29 print('end')  30 """

if嵌套示例：

 1 name = input('请输入用户名：')   2 if name == '名锐杰':   3     age = input('请输入年龄：')   4     if age == "18":   5         print('好帅好帅')   6     else:   7         print('不帅')   8 elif name == '李泉':   9         print('好浪好浪')  10 elif name == '刘永希':  11         print('好诗好诗')  12 else:  13     print('编不下去了')  14 print('end')

模拟银行卡3次输错密码强制退出：

 1 count = 1   2 while True:   3     name = input('请输入用户名：')   4     if name == "Alex":   5         print('欢迎登陆！')   6         num = input('请输入取款金额：')   7     else:   8         print('用户名输入错')   9         count = count + 1  10         if count == 4:  11             break  12  13  14  15 """  16 count = 1  17 while count < 4:  18     name = input('请输入用户名：')  19     if name == "Alex":  20         print('欢迎登陆！')  21         num = input('请输入取款金额：')  22     else:  23         print('用户名输入错')  24         count = count + 1  25 """

字符串运算：

 1 print("你好，老狗")   2   3 name = "老狗"   4 print(name)   5   6 age = 18   7 age1 = age   8 age2 = age1   9 print(age2)  10  11  12 result = 1 + 1  13 print(result)  14 result = 1 - 1  15 print(result)  16 result = 1 * 1  17 print(result)  18 result = 1 / 1  19 print(result)  20 result = "名锐杰" + "李泉"  21 print(result)  22 result = "名锐杰" * 8  23 print(result)  24  25  26 """"  27 if 条件:  28     print('真')  29 else:  30     print('假')  31 """  32  33 name = input ('请输入用户名')  34 if name == 'alex':  35     msg = name + '是傻叉'  36     print(msg)  37 else:  38     print(name)  39  40 """  41 简化：  42 if 条件:  43 print('真')  44 """  45  46 """  47 形式二：  48 if 条件：  49     print('真')  50 elif 条件:  51     print('真')  52 elif 条件:  53     print('真')  54 else:  55     print('假')  56 """  57  58 name = input('请输入用户名')  59 if name == '名锐杰':  60     print('好帅好帅')  61 elif name == '李泉':  62     print('好浪好浪')  63 elif name == '刘永希':  64     print('好诗好诗')  65 else:  66     print('遍布下去了')  67 print('end')  68  69  70  71 name = input('请输入用户名')  72 print(name)

打印1-99中能被3整除的数字：

 1 print('开始了... ')   2 num = 1   3 while num <= 99:   4     result = num % 3   5     if result == 0:   6         print(num)   7     num = num + 1   8 print('end')   9  10 """  11 print('开始了...')  12 num = 0  13 while num < 100:  14     num = num + 1  15     result = num % 3  16     if result == 0:  17         print(num)  18 print('end')  19 """

1-99-sum-substract

 1 print('开始了... ')   2 num = 0   3 sum = 0   4 sum1 = 0   5 sum2 = 0   6 while num < 99:   7     num = num + 1   8     result = num % 2   9     if result == 1:  10         sum1 = sum1 + num  11         print(sum1)  12     else:  13         sum2 = sum2 + num  14         print(sum2)  15 sum = sum1 - sum2  16 print(sum)  17 print('end')

1-99-sum-odd-num-subtract-sum-even-num

 1 print('开始了... ')   2 num = 1   3 sum = 0   4 while num <=99:   5     result = num % 2   6     if result == 1:   7         sum = sum + num   8     else:   9         sum = sum - num  10         print(sum)  11     num = num + 1  12 print(sum)  13 print('end')  14  15 """  16 print('开始了... ')  17 num = 0  18 sum = 0  19 sum1 = 0  20 sum2 = 0  21 while num < 99:  22     num = num + 1  23     result = num % 2  24     if result == 1:  25         sum1 = sum1 + num  26 #        print(sum1)  27     else:  28         sum2 = sum2 + num  29 #        print(sum2)  30 sum = sum1 - sum2  31 print(sum)  32 print('end')  33 """