0001-20180421-自動化第一章
- 2020 年 1 月 19 日
- 筆記
======================學習python================== 介紹: python種類: cpython(*),jpython,ironpython,rubypython,pypy … 種類有很多,規則只有一個 python版本 Python2.7 Python3.x 學習Phtyon,學習規則 1. 安裝解釋器 python.exe 解釋器程式 2. 寫程式碼,讓解釋器運行 」黑框「:開始->cmd->回車 – 解釋器路徑 程式碼文件路徑 (寫程式碼) 添加作業系統環境變數:C:Python35; python 程式碼文件路徑 – 解釋器 (簡單功能測試) 3. python2.7和python3.5共存,推薦:C,D: 規則: 1. print("你好,老狗") py2(accii): 中文報錯 py3(utf-8):不報錯 老外開發電腦,只能識別: – accii碼(255個東西),字母,數字,符號… – utf-8編碼,包含世間萬物 程式碼頭部寫上(-python pytho官方推薦方法): #-*- encoding:utf-8 -*- 2. 變數 a、基礎 變數名 = 值 print("老狗") name = "老狗" print(name) PS: 變數名要求: – 可有:字母,數字,下劃線 – 數字不能開頭 – 不能是Python內部關鍵字:[ 'and','as' …] – 建議:見名知意 b、小高級 age = 18 age1 = age age2 = age1 print(age2) 3.初識數據類型 age = 18 整數類型 name = "名銳傑" 字元串類型 gender = True/False 布爾類型 #比較運算 result = 19 > 18 result = 19 < 18 result 19 >= 18 result 19 == 18 #數值運算 result = 1 + 1 result = 1 – 1 result = 1 * 1 result = 1 / 1 result = "名銳傑" + "李泉" # "名銳傑李泉" result = "名銳傑" * 8 # "名銳傑名銳傑名銳傑名銳傑名銳傑名銳傑名銳傑名銳傑" 4. 條件語句 如果:條件, – 成立:xxxx – 不成立:xxxx 形式一: if 條件: print('真') else: print('假') 示例: name = input('請輸入用戶名') if name == 'alex': msg = name + '我是傻叉' print(msg) else: print(name) 簡化: if 條件: print('真')
形式二: if 條件: print('真') elif 條件: print('真') elif 條件: print('真') else: print('假') 示例: name = input('請輸入用戶名') if name == '名銳捷': print('好帥好帥') elif name == '李泉': print('好浪好浪') elif name == '劉永希': print('好詩好詩') else: print('編不下去了') 示例: name = input('請輸入用戶名') if name == '名銳捷': print('好帥好帥') elif name == '李泉': print('好浪好浪') elif name == '劉永希': print('好詩好詩') else: print('編不下去了') print('end')
變形: 示例(嵌套): name = input('請輸入用戶名') if name == '名銳捷': age = input('請輸入年齡:') if age == "18": print('好帥好帥') else: print('不帥') elif name == '李泉': print('好浪好浪') elif name == '劉永希': print('好詩好詩') else: print('編不下去了') print('end') 5. 輸入 name = input('請輸入用戶名') # 讓用戶輸入內容,輸入內容賦值給name變數 print(name) python3 輸入方法: name = input('>>>') python2 輸入方法: name = raw_input('>>>') PS: 輸入的內容——永遠是字元串類型 6. 循環 while語句特徵: 場景一: while 條件: 條件成立,執行此處程式碼(執行完畢,再回到條件處) print(1) if True: print(2) print(3) ———不會循環 print(1) while True: print(2) print(3) ——–永遠列印2—-死循環 print(1) while True: print(2) print(22) print(32) print(3) print(1) flag = True while flag: print(2) flag = False print(3) print(1) start = 0 flag = True while flag: print(start) flag = False print(3) print(1) start = 0 flag = True while flag: print(start) start = start + 1 print(3) 場景二: while 條件: 條件成立,執行此處程式碼(執行完畢後,再回到條件) else: 條件不成立, 示例: #輸出: 1-100連續數字 start = 1 flag = True while True: print(start) start = start + 1 if start == 100: flag = False
print('開始…') start = 1 flag = True while True: print(start) start = start + 1 if start == 100: print(start) flag = False print('結束了…') print('開始…') start = 1 while start < 101: print(start) start = start + 1 print('結束了…')
################################# 補充兩個關鍵字: continue,break #################################
break—-跳出當前循環的外面,執行外面的程式碼
print(0) while True: print(1) break # 跳出當前循環 print(11) print(2) continue——跳,跳到True的位置,繼續下一次循環(下面示例中的prin11,永遠不會執行) print(0) while True: print(1) continue # 結束本次循環,進行下次循環 print(11) print(2) 使用break實現:1-100
start = 1 while True: print(start) start = start + 1 if start == 100 print(start) break 輸出: 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
start = 1 while start < 11: if start == 7: print(' ') else: print(start) start = start + 1 start = 1 while start < 11: if start == 7: pass else: print(start) start = start + 1
start = 1 while start < 11: if start == 7: start = start + 1 continue else: print(start) start = start + 1
while循環總結: 1. 書寫規則 while 條件: 成立執行… else: 不成立執行 2. continue,break 贈送: 1. 奇偶數 num = 19 result = num % 2 if result == 0: print('偶數') else: print('奇數') 2. 1-100總和 sum = 0 start = 1 while start < 101 sum = sum + start print(sum) start = start + 1
練習題: 1. 列印 1-99之間所有的奇數 print('開始了… ') num = 0 while num < 100: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: print(num) print('end')
""" print('開始了… ') num = 0 while num <= 99: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: print(num) print('end') """ """ print('開始了… ') num = 0 while num <= 99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: print(num) num = num + 1 print('end') """ 2. 列印1-99之間所有能被3整除的數 print('開始了…') num = 0 while num < 100: num = num + 1 result = num % 3 if result == 0: print(num) print('end')
print('開始了… ') num = 1 while num <= 99: result = num % 3 if result == 0: print(num) num = num + 1 print('end')
3. 列印1-99之間所有數的總和 """ print('開始了…') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <= 99: sum = sum + num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') """
print('開始了…') num = 0 sum = 0 while num < 100: sum = sum + num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') 4. 列印1-99之間所有奇數的總和 print('開始了… ') num = 0 sum = 0 while num < 100: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num print(sum) print('end')
print('開始了… ') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <=99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') 5. 1-2+3-4+5-6+7…+99 之間所有數總和 print('開始了… ') num = 0 sum = 0 sum1 = 0 sum2 = 0 while num < 99: num = num + 1 result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum1 = sum1 + num # print(sum1) else: sum2 = sum2 + num # print(sum2) sum = sum1 – sum2 print(sum) print('end')
print('開始了… ') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <=99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num else: sum = sum – num num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end')
print('開始了… ') num = 1 sum = 0 while num <=99: result = num % 2 if result == 1: sum = sum + num else: sum = sum – num print(sum) num = num + 1 print(sum) print('end') >>> dir(list) ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort'] >>>
>>> dir(__builtins__) ['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError', 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'RecursionError', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopAsyncIteration', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError', '_', '__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip'] >>>
通過help查看BIF的相關幫助 >>> help(input) Help on built-in function input in module builtins:
input(prompt=None, /) Read a string from standard input. The trailing newline is stripped. The prompt string, if given, is printed to standard output without a trailing newline before reading input. If the user hits EOF (*nix: Ctrl-D, Windows: Ctrl-Z+Return), raise EOFError. On *nix systems, readline is used if available.
>>>
while 循環腳本:
1 sum = 0 2 start = 1 3 while start < 999999999: 4 sum = sum + start 5 print(sum) 6 start = start + 1
1-99所有數求和:
1 """ 2 print('開始了...') 3 num = 1 4 sum = 0 5 while num <= 99: 6 sum = sum + num 7 num = num + 1 8 print(sum) 9 print('end') 10 """ 11 12 print('開始了...') 13 num = 0 14 sum = 0 15 while num < 100: 16 sum = sum + num 17 num = num + 1 18 print(sum) 19 print('end')
1-99所有奇數求和:
1 """ 2 print('開始了... ') 3 num = 1 4 sum = 0 5 while num <=99: 6 result = num % 2 7 if result == 1: 8 sum = sum + num 9 num = num + 1 10 print(sum) 11 print('end') 12 13 """ 14 print('開始了... ') 15 num = 0 16 sum = 0 17 while num < 100: 18 num = num + 1 19 result = num % 2 20 if result == 1: 21 sum = sum + num 22 print(sum) 23 print('end')
列印1-99所有奇數:
1 print('開始了... ') 2 num = 0 3 while num <= 99: 4 result = num % 2 5 if result == 1: 6 print(num) 7 num = num + 1 8 print('end') 9 10 11 """ 12 print('開始了... ') 13 num = 0 14 while num <= 99: 15 num = num + 1 16 result = num % 2 17 if result == 1: 18 print(num) 19 print('end') 20 """ 21 """ 22 print('開始了... ') 23 num = 0 24 while num < 100: 25 num = num + 1 26 result = num % 2 27 if result == 1: 28 print(num) 29 print('end') 30 """
if嵌套示例:
1 name = input('請輸入用戶名:') 2 if name == '名銳傑': 3 age = input('請輸入年齡:') 4 if age == "18": 5 print('好帥好帥') 6 else: 7 print('不帥') 8 elif name == '李泉': 9 print('好浪好浪') 10 elif name == '劉永希': 11 print('好詩好詩') 12 else: 13 print('編不下去了') 14 print('end')
模擬銀行卡3次輸錯密碼強制退出:
1 count = 1 2 while True: 3 name = input('請輸入用戶名:') 4 if name == "Alex": 5 print('歡迎登陸!') 6 num = input('請輸入取款金額:') 7 else: 8 print('用戶名輸入錯') 9 count = count + 1 10 if count == 4: 11 break 12 13 14 15 """ 16 count = 1 17 while count < 4: 18 name = input('請輸入用戶名:') 19 if name == "Alex": 20 print('歡迎登陸!') 21 num = input('請輸入取款金額:') 22 else: 23 print('用戶名輸入錯') 24 count = count + 1 25 """
字元串運算:
1 print("你好,老狗") 2 3 name = "老狗" 4 print(name) 5 6 age = 18 7 age1 = age 8 age2 = age1 9 print(age2) 10 11 12 result = 1 + 1 13 print(result) 14 result = 1 - 1 15 print(result) 16 result = 1 * 1 17 print(result) 18 result = 1 / 1 19 print(result) 20 result = "名銳傑" + "李泉" 21 print(result) 22 result = "名銳傑" * 8 23 print(result) 24 25 26 """" 27 if 條件: 28 print('真') 29 else: 30 print('假') 31 """ 32 33 name = input ('請輸入用戶名') 34 if name == 'alex': 35 msg = name + '是傻叉' 36 print(msg) 37 else: 38 print(name) 39 40 """ 41 簡化: 42 if 條件: 43 print('真') 44 """ 45 46 """ 47 形式二: 48 if 條件: 49 print('真') 50 elif 條件: 51 print('真') 52 elif 條件: 53 print('真') 54 else: 55 print('假') 56 """ 57 58 name = input('請輸入用戶名') 59 if name == '名銳傑': 60 print('好帥好帥') 61 elif name == '李泉': 62 print('好浪好浪') 63 elif name == '劉永希': 64 print('好詩好詩') 65 else: 66 print('遍布下去了') 67 print('end') 68 69 70 71 name = input('請輸入用戶名') 72 print(name)
列印1-99中能被3整除的數字:
1 print('開始了... ') 2 num = 1 3 while num <= 99: 4 result = num % 3 5 if result == 0: 6 print(num) 7 num = num + 1 8 print('end') 9 10 """ 11 print('開始了...') 12 num = 0 13 while num < 100: 14 num = num + 1 15 result = num % 3 16 if result == 0: 17 print(num) 18 print('end') 19 """
1-99-sum-substract
1 print('開始了... ') 2 num = 0 3 sum = 0 4 sum1 = 0 5 sum2 = 0 6 while num < 99: 7 num = num + 1 8 result = num % 2 9 if result == 1: 10 sum1 = sum1 + num 11 print(sum1) 12 else: 13 sum2 = sum2 + num 14 print(sum2) 15 sum = sum1 - sum2 16 print(sum) 17 print('end')
1-99-sum-odd-num-subtract-sum-even-num
1 print('開始了... ') 2 num = 1 3 sum = 0 4 while num <=99: 5 result = num % 2 6 if result == 1: 7 sum = sum + num 8 else: 9 sum = sum - num 10 print(sum) 11 num = num + 1 12 print(sum) 13 print('end') 14 15 """ 16 print('開始了... ') 17 num = 0 18 sum = 0 19 sum1 = 0 20 sum2 = 0 21 while num < 99: 22 num = num + 1 23 result = num % 2 24 if result == 1: 25 sum1 = sum1 + num 26 # print(sum1) 27 else: 28 sum2 = sum2 + num 29 # print(sum2) 30 sum = sum1 - sum2 31 print(sum) 32 print('end') 33 """