AIR32F103(四) 27倍頻216MHz,CoreMark跑分測試

• 2022 年 10 月 27 日
• 筆記
• AIR32F103, CoreMark, Embed/Mobile, STM32

目錄

• AIR32F103(一) 合宙AIR32F103CBT6開發板上手報告
• AIR32F103(二) Linux環境和LibOpenCM3項目模板
• AIR32F103(三) Linux環境基於標準外設庫的項目模板
• AIR32F103(四) 27倍頻216MHz,CoreMark跑分測試

27倍頻運行216MHz主頻

合宙開發團隊10月11日的提交中開源了AIR32F103的PLL倍頻調節的程式碼, 使得在 Linux 下通過 GCC Arm 工具鏈也能編譯運行216MHz.

程式碼示例

示例程式碼位於 Examples/NonFreeRTOS/RCC 下: //gitee.com/iosetting/air32f103-template/tree/master/Examples/NonFreeRTOS/RCC

編譯時的注意事項

編譯時需要注意避免編譯器對AIR_RCC_PLLConfig()這個函數的優化.

這個函數的源程式碼如下, 可以看到其中會對特定地址(例如 0x40016C00)進行連續的寫操作, 編譯時如果優化參數不是-O0, 就大概率會將這些寫操作合併或調換位置.

uint32_t AIR_RCC_PLLConfig(uint32_t RCC_PLLSource, uint32_t RCC_PLLMul, uint8_t Latency)
{ 
  uint32_t sramsize = 0;
  uint32_t pllmul = 0;
  FunctionalState pwr_gating_state = 0;
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL_SOURCE(RCC_PLLSource));
  assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL_MUL(RCC_PLLMul));
  
  *(uint32_t *)(0x400210F0) = BIT(0);//開啟sys_cfg門控
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = 0xa7d93a86;//解一、二、三級鎖
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = 0xab12dfcd;
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = 0xcded3526;
  sramsize = *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C18);
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C18) = 0x200183FF;//配置sram大小, 將BOOT使用對sram打開 
  *(uint32_t *)(0x4002228C) = 0xa5a5a5a5;//QSPI解鎖
  
  SysFreq_Set(RCC_PLLMul,Latency ,0,1);
  RCC->CFGR = (RCC->CFGR & ~0x00030000) | RCC_PLLSource;
  
  //恢復配置前狀態
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C18) = sramsize;
  *(uint32_t *)(0x400210F0) = 0;//開啟sys_cfg門控
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = ~0xa7d93a86;//加一、二、三級鎖
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = ~0xab12dfcd;
  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = ~0xcded3526;
  *(uint32_t *)(0x4002228C) = ~0xa5a5a5a5;//QSPI解鎖
  return 1;
}

解決的方法一, 是通過調整編譯參數

• 在Keil5下, 可以對 air32f10x_rcc_ex.c 這個文件右鍵單獨設置 AC6 編譯選項. AC5可以使用 註解, AC6不再支援文件內部單個函數的優化設置
• 在GCC Arm中, 可以通過 Makefile 對 air32f10x_rcc_ex.c 設置單獨的-O0參數, 也可以在程式碼中增加屏障避免優化(例如在兩行程式碼之間增加__NOP();), 還可以通過int foo(int i) __attribute__((optimize("-O3")));這樣的形式, 參考GNU GCC文檔

因此將庫函數修改為

__attribute__((optimize("-O0"))) uint32_t AIR_RCC_PLLConfig(uint32_t RCC_PLLSource, uint32_t RCC_PLLMul, uint8_t Latency)

CoreMark跑分結果

示例中的 CoreMark_256MHz 項目, 可以將AIR32F103運行在最高256MHz主頻下, 運行CoreMark性能測試. 以下是分別在 256MHz, 216MHz, 72MHz 不同編譯器版本下的測試結果.

32倍頻, 256MHz

編譯器 GCC11.2.1

SYSCLK: 256000000, HCLK: 256000000, PCLK1: 128000000, PCLK2: 256000000, ADCCLK: 128000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 17054␊
Total time (secs): 17.054000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 586.372698␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC11.2.1 20220111␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 586.372698 / GCC11.2.1 20220111 -O3 / STACK␊
IR32F103 CoreMark␊

編譯器 GCC11.3.1, 256MHz

SYSCLK: 256000000, HCLK: 256000000, PCLK1: 128000000, PCLK2: 256000000, ADCCLK: 128000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 17054␊
Total time (secs): 17.054000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 586.372698␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC11.3.1 20220712␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 586.372698 / GCC11.3.1 20220712 -O3 / STACK␊

編譯器 GCC12.2.0 256MHz

SYSCLK: 256000000, HCLK: 256000000, PCLK1: 128000000, PCLK2: 256000000, ADCCLK: 128000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 15822␊
Total time (secs): 15.822000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 632.031349␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC12.2.0␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 632.031349 / GCC12.2.0 -O3 / STACK␊

27倍頻, 216MHz

GCC11.2.1 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216000000, HCLK: 216000000, PCLK1: 108000000, PCLK2: 216000000, ADCCLK: 108000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 20213␊
Total time (secs): 20.213000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 494.731114␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC11.2.1 20220111␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 494.731114 / GCC11.2.1 20220111 -O3 / STACK␊

GCC11.3.1 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216000000, HCLK: 216000000, PCLK1: 108000000, PCLK2: 216000000, ADCCLK: 108000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 20213␊
Total time (secs): 20.213000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 494.731114␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC11.3.1 20220712␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 494.731114 / GCC11.3.1 20220712 -O3 / STACK␊

GCC12.2.0 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216000000, HCLK: 216000000, PCLK1: 108000000, PCLK2: 216000000, ADCCLK: 108000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 18753␊
Total time (secs): 18.753000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 533.248014␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC12.2.0␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 533.248014 / GCC12.2.0 -O3 / STACK␊

編譯器 AC6 (GCCClang 15.0.0) 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216.0Mhz, HCLK: 216.0Mhz, PCLK1: 108.0Mhz, PCLK2: 216.0Mhz, ADCCLK: 108.0Mhz
2K performance run parameters for coremark.
CoreMark Size    : 666
Total ticks      : 16328
Total time (secs): 16.328000
Iterations/Sec   : 612.444880
Iterations       : 10000
Compiler version : GCCClang 15.0.0
Compiler flags   : -O3
Memory location  : STACK
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5
[0]crclist       : 0xe714
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.
CoreMark 1.0 : 612.444880 / GCCClang 15.0.0 -O3 / STACK

9倍頻, 72MHz

編譯器 GCC11.2.1 72MHz

SYSCLK: 72000000, HCLK: 72000000, PCLK1: 36000000, PCLK2: 72000000, ADCCLK: 36000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 60677␊
Total time (secs): 60.677000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 164.807093␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC11.2.1 20220111␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 164.807093 / GCC11.2.1 20220111 -O3 / STACK␊

編譯器 GCC11.3.1 72MHz

SYSCLK: 72000000, HCLK: 72000000, PCLK1: 36000000, PCLK2: 72000000, ADCCLK: 36000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 60677␊
Total time (secs): 60.677000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 164.807093␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC11.3.1 20220712␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 164.807093 / GCC11.3.1 20220712 -O3 / STACK␊

編譯器 GCC12.2.0 72MHz

SYSCLK: 72000000, HCLK: 72000000, PCLK1: 36000000, PCLK2: 72000000, ADCCLK: 36000000␊
2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊
CoreMark Size    : 666␊
Total ticks      : 56293␊
Total time (secs): 56.293000␊
Iterations/Sec   : 177.641980␊
Iterations       : 10000␊
Compiler version : GCC12.2.0␊
Compiler flags   : -O3␊
Memory location  : STACK␊
seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊
[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊
[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊
[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊
[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊
Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊
CoreMark 1.0 : 177.641980 / GCC12.2.0 -O3 / STACK␊

總結

可以看到, GCC11.2和GCC11.3是一樣的, GCC12.2生成的二進位執行性能提升了接近8%, 但是性能最好的還是AC6, 比GCC12.2性能高了接近15%.