Python3簡易介面自動化測試框架設計與實現(中)
- 2019 年 12 月 12 日
- 筆記
來源:http://www.51testing.com
目錄
7、Excel數據讀取
7.1、讀取配置文件
7.1、編寫Excel操作類
8、用例組裝
9、用例運行結果校驗
10、運行用例
11 、小結
7、Excel數據讀取
用例是放在Excel中的,用xlrd來讀取數據,寫數據需要用到xluntils,先安裝:
pip install xlrd pip install xluntils |
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7.1、讀取配置文件
讀取Excel數據,我們需要知道對應的行和列,列相對固定,在配置文件settings中定義,然後讀取,行作為參數傳入。conf/settings文件中的定義如下:
[excel] case_no=0 case_name=1 is_run=2 case_level=3 case_header=4 case_cookies=5 req_type=6 case_url=7 case_body=8 expect_result=9 operator=10 actual_result=11 test_result=12 |
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在unitls/load_conf.py中編寫讀取配置的方法,獲取各項列值的方法。lood_conf()函數需要傳入兩個參數:配置項字元串標識符,配置項類型。比如要讀取excel下整數case_url:lood_conf("excel.case_url","int")。class excel_config()下定義返回各項列值的方法。
完整程式碼如下:
import configparser ''' read conf from setting.conf @:parameter:identstr,value_type value_type:"int" or "str" ''' def lood_conf(identstr,value_type): cf = configparser.ConfigParser() cf.read("../config/settings.conf") idenlist = identstr.split('.') if value_type == "int": try: value = cf.getint(idenlist[0],idenlist[1]) return value except (configparser.NoSectionError ,configparser.NoOptionError) as e: print(e) if value_type == "str": try: value = cf.get(idenlist[0],idenlist[1]) return value except (configparser.NoSectionError ,configparser.NoOptionError) as e: print(e) ''' 獲取url,request body等的列號 ''' class excel_config(): #獲取用例編號的列 def caseno_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.case_no","int") def casename_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.case_name","int") def isrun_col(self): #print(lood_conf("excel.is_run","int")) return lood_conf("excel.is_run","int") def level_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.case_level","int") def header_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.case_header","int") def cookies_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.case_cookies","int") def reqtype_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.req_type","int") def caseurl_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.case_url","int") def casebody_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.case_body","int") def expectresult_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.expect_result","int") def actualresult_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.actual_result","int") def testresult_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.test_result","int") def test_operator_col(self): return lood_conf("excel.operator","int") |
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7.1、編寫Excel操作類
unitls/excel_tool.py中定義了獲取用例編號,用例名稱等方法,需要傳入行。回寫測試結果,回寫實際結果方法需要傳入兩個參數:行,值。完整程式碼如下:
#coding:utf-8 import xlrd from untils.log_trace import * from xlutils.copy import copy from untils.load_conf import excel_config class excel_tool(): def __init__(self,excel_name): self.curr_excel = xlrd.open_workbook(excel_name) self.table = self.curr_excel.sheet_by_index(0) #print(self.table.cell(1,1).value) #實例化excel_config self.config = excel_config() self.rows = self.table.nrows self.excel_name = excel_name #獲取用例編號 def get_caseno(self,row): caseno = self.table.cell(row,self.config.caseno_col()).value if caseno: return caseno else: logging.info("case no is null") return None #獲取用例名稱 def get_casename(self,row): casename = self.table.cell(row,self.config.casename_col()).value return casename #獲取是否運行標誌 def get_runflag(self,row): run_flag = self.table.cell(row,self.config.isrun_col()).value return run_flag #獲取用例級別 def get_caselevel(self,row): caselevel = self.table.cell(row,self.config.level_col()).value return caselevel #獲取請求url def get_caseurl(self,row): caseurl = self.table.cell(row,self.config.caseurl_col()).value return caseurl #獲取請求body def get_casebody(self,row): case_body = self.table.cell(row,self.config.casebody_col()).value return case_body #獲取header def get_headerflag(self,row): headerflag = self.table.cell(row,self.config.header_col()).value return headerflag #獲取coocikes def get_cookiesflag(self,row): cookiesflag = self.table.cell(row,self.config.cookies_col()).value return cookiesflag #獲取請求類型 def get_methodtype(self,row): method_type = self.table.cell(row,self.config.reqtype_col()).value return method_type #獲取預期結果 def get_expectres(self,row): expect_res = self.table.cell(row,self.config.expectresult_col()).value return expect_res #獲取測試結果 def get_testres(self,row): test_res= self.table.cell(row,self.config.testresult_col()).value return test_res #獲取操作符 def get_operator(self,row): operator = self.table.cell(row,self.config.test_operator_col()).value return operator #回寫測試結果到excel def write_testres(self,row,value): wbook = copy(xlrd.open_workbook(self.excel_name)) sheet = wbook.get_sheet(0) sheet.write(row, self.config.testresult_col(), value) wbook.save(self.excel_name) #回寫實際結果 def write_actualres(self,row,value): wbook = copy(xlrd.open_workbook(self.excel_name)) sheet = wbook.get_sheet(0) sheet.write(row, self.config.actualresult_col(), value) wbook.save(self.excel_name) |
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8、用例組裝
有了Excel操作類,就可以方便讀取數據和回填結果了。接下來,在unitls/run_main.py中來組裝用例。組裝之前,先獲取是否運行的標誌:
運行標誌為N,不組裝,將用例標記為skiiped,回填測試結果到Excel文件中。
運行標誌為Y,開始組裝用例並執行,並對比預期結果和實際結果。
用例執行通過,將用例標記為pass,回填測試結果和實際結果,實際結果為介面的返回。
用例執行失敗,將用例標記為failed,回填測試結果和實際結果。
介面鑒權需要用到的headers,先在run_main.py 中寫死,這個問題後面解決,在上面的過程中,增加必要的日誌,方便定位問題和查看用例的運行日誌。完整程式碼如下:
#coding:utf-8 from untils.excel_tool import excel_tool from untils.send_request import send_request from untils.log_trace import * from untils.check_result import CheckResult import json headers = { "X-Token":"0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e" } class runner(): def __init__(self): self.excel = excel_tool("../testcase/test.xls") self.check = CheckResult() def join_case(self): global skip_list,sucess_list,failed_list,skip_list sucess_list = [] sucess_list = [] failed_list = [] skip_list = [] for row in range(1,self.excel.rows): no = self.excel.get_caseno(row) url = self.excel.get_caseurl(row) isrun = self.excel.get_runflag(row) name = self.excel.get_casename(row) level = self.excel.get_caselevel(row) data = self.excel.get_casebody(row) expect_res = self.excel.get_expectres(row) method = self.excel.get_methodtype(row) hasheader = self.excel.get_headerflag(row) operator = self.excel.get_operator(row) if isrun == "Y": logging.info("Begin to run test case : %s,case number :%s" %(name,no)) logging.info("Request method type is :%s" %method) logging.info("Request URL:%s" %url) logging.info("Request Body:%s" %json.dumps(json.loads(data),sort_keys=True,indent=2)) res = send_request(method,url,data=data,headers=headers) is_sucess = self.check.cmpdict(eval(expect_res),eval(res.text),operator) print(is_sucess) if is_sucess: sucess_list.append(name) #回寫測試結果 self.excel.write_testres(row,"pass") #回寫實際結果 self.excel.write_actualres(row,res.text) logging.info("Test case %s run sucess." %name) else: failed_list.append(name) print("fail",is_sucess) #回寫測試結果 self.excel.write_testres(row,"failed") #回寫實際結果 self.excel.write_actualres(row,res.text) logging.error("Test case %s run fail." %name) logging.info("Response is:%s" %json.dumps(res.json(),sort_keys=True,indent=2)) else: skip_list.append(name) self.excel.write_testres(row,"skipped") def sum(self): total = len(sucess_list)+len(failed_list) + len(skip_list) failed = len(failed_list) sucess = len(sucess_list) logging.info("———————————————————–") logging.info("本次一共運行:%s 個用例" %total) logging.info("本次運行通過:%s 個用例" %sucess) logging.info("本次運行跳過:%s 個用例" %len(skip_list)) logging.info("跳過的用例:%s" %skip_list) logging.info("———————————————————–") |
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9、用例運行結果校驗
在untils/run_main.py中方法cmpdict()是用來校驗預期和結果實際結果是否匹配,需要傳入三個參數:預期結果字典,實際結果字典,操作符。在check_result.py中編寫校驗用例結果的方法。目前只支援兩種操作符,equal和notequal,預期結果為字典,其中不能嵌套字典。和完整程式碼如下:
from untils.log_trace import * class CheckResult(): def dict_value(self,key,actual): try: if key in actual: return actual[key] else: for keys in actual: return self.dict_value(key,actual[keys]) except Exception as e: logging.error(e) return None def cmpdict(self,expect,actual,equal): logging.info("Begin to check result of testcase.") is_dict = isinstance(expect,dict) and isinstance(actual,dict) if is_dict: if equal == "equal": for key in expect.keys(): if expect[key] == self.dict_value(key,actual): logging.info("%s is equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual))) return True else: logging.error("%s is not equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual))) return False if equal == "notequal": for key in expect.keys(): if key != self.dict_value(key,actual): logging.info("%s is not equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual))) return True else: logging.error("%s is equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual))) return False else: logging.error("Operator :%s is not support now,you can define it in file[check_result.py]" %equal) else: logging.error("Expect or actual result is not dict,check it in excel. ") |
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10、運行用例
新建一個名稱為test.xls的Excel,將其放到testcase路徑下,並在Excel中編寫測試用例。介面開發請參考:使用Django開發簡單介面:文章增刪改查,我準備的用例如下:
在untils/untils_test.py中導入run_mian模組來測試一下:
from untils.run_main import runner if __name__ == "__main__": #test_send_request() runner = runner() runner.join_case() runner.sum() |
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運行untils_test.py,然後去到Excel中查看運行結果:
report路徑下查看測試用例運行日誌,如下所示:
Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 ERROR check_result.py [line:38] Operator :e1qual is not support now,you can define it in file[check_result.py] Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 查詢文章,case number :1.0 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :GET Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{} Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'} Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:22] BS.200 is equal to BS.200 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:52] Test case 查詢文章 run sucess. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{ "all_titles": { "Hello": "alive", "amy1": "alive", "modifytest": "alive", "useasge of ddt": "alive" }, "msg": "query articles sucess.", "status": "BS.200" } Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 新增文章,case number :2.0 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :POST Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles/ Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{ "content": "useasge of ddt", "title": "useasge of ddt" } Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'} Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 ERROR check_result.py [line:25] BS.200 is not equal to BS.400 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 ERROR run_main.py [line:60] Test case 新增文章 run fail. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{ "msg": "title aleady exist,fail to publish.", "status": "BS.400" } Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 修改文章,case number :3.0 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :POST Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles/7 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{ "content": "modify test", "title": "modify test" } Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'} Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR check_result.py [line:25] BS.200 is not equal to BS.300 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR run_main.py [line:60] Test case 修改文章 run fail. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{ "msg": "article is not exists,fail to modify.", "status": "BS.300" } Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 刪除文章,case number :4.0 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :DELETE Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles/7 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{} Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'} Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR check_result.py [line:25] BS.200 is not equal to BS.300 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR run_main.py [line:60] Test case 刪除文章 run fail. Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{ "msg": "article is not exists,fail to delete.", "status": "BS.300" } Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:74] ———————————————————– Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:75] 本次一共運行:5 個用例 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:76] 本次運行通過:1 個用例 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:77] 本次運行跳過:1 個用例 Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:78] 跳過的用例:['新增文章缺少title'] Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:79] ———————————————————– |
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11 、小結
框架終於能跑起來了,但是遺留的問題還很多。
很多地方的程式碼不夠健壯,這個後面慢慢優化。還有用例校驗支援的運算符比較少。
發送郵件模組待完成。
Headers的問題如何解決?
如果請求的body比較多,寫在Excel是不是很不美觀呀?這個可以從固定地方讀取文件來完成。
Excel中測試用例有沒有必填項呀?這個可以在運行結果之前進行校驗,必填項缺少,不運行。
最關鍵的一點,如果第二個用例依賴於第一個用例的返回,用例依賴一直是個痛點,下一篇解決。
還有很多問題比如,重試機制,耗時的用例設置超時時間,超時默認為失敗等等…….
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