DockerFile
1.DockerFile簡介
Dockerfile是用來構建Docker鏡像的構建文件，是由一系列命令和參數構成的腳本
構建三步驟:編寫Dockerfile文件->docker build->docker run
範例：DockerFile示例
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//github.com/CentOS/sig-cloud-instance-images/blob/f32666d2af356ed6835942ed753a4970e18bca94/docker/Dockerfile |
2.DockerFile構建過程
總結 
3.DockerFile指令 
[1].實例1
Docker Hub 中 99% 的鏡像都是通過在 base 鏡像中安裝和配置需要的軟體構建出來的
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[2].實例2
自定義mycentos目的使我們自己的鏡像具備如下:登陸後的默認路徑|vim編輯器| 查看網路配置ifconfig支援
(1).編寫DockerFile
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[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd /mydocker [root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile2
FROM centos:centos6.8
ENV MYPATH /usr/local WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH CMD echo “success————–ok” CMD /bin/bash |
(2).構建build
語法：docker build -t 新鏡像名字:TAG .
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[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd /mydocker [root@pluto mydocker]# ll 總用量 8 -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 144 8月 18 15:48 Dockerfile -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 197 8月 19 03:42 Dockerfile2 [root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile2 -t centos:centos6.81 . [root@pluto mydocker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos centos6.81 c325fa072969 About a minute ago 380.9 MB |
(3).運行
語法：docker run -it 新鏡像名字:TAG
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[root@6cea293ae495 local]# vim host [root@6cea293ae495 local]# pwd /usr/local |
添加vim編輯器成功，我們可以通過這種方式獲得自己的工具庫
(4).鏡像歷史
語法：docker history 鏡像名
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[root@pluto mydocker]# docker images centos REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos centos6.81 c325fa072969 7 minutes ago 380.9 MB
[root@pluto mydocker]# docker history centos:centos6.81 IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT c325fa072969 7 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh” “-c” “/bin/b 0 B 610a93db295c 7 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh” “-c” “echo \ 0 B c01a5a2195d7 7 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh” “-c” “echo $ 0 B adf973b1e485 7 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80/tcp 0 B 9598516913a1 7 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools 23.32 MB 3e60ce0af3d5 8 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim 163.1 MB 583e9beff987 9 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local 0 B db4a1be6d6dc 9 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYPATH=/usr/local 0 B efa3cf7ee1f9 17 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/bash”] 0 B 2e9485c70cb7 17 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL name=CentOS Base Ima 0 B 24cb4957fdbf 17 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:14c084af88ccd62ad7 194.5 MB 3690474eb5b4 22 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER The CentOS Proj 0 B |
[3].實例3
(1).CMD
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[root@pluto mydocker]# docker run -it -p 8888:8080 tomcat ls -l [root@pluto mydocker]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES |
因為ls -l替換了CMD [“catalina.sh”, “run”]，所以我們通過docker ps查看的時候tomcat並未啟動起來
(2).ENTRYPOINT
docker run 之後的參數會被當做參數傳遞給 ENTRYPOINT，之後形成新的命令組合.
①.CMD版IP查詢
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[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd /mydocker [root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile3
FROM centos:centos6.8 RUN yum install -y curl CMD [“curl”,”-s”,”//www.cip.cc”]
[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile3 -t centos:ip . [root@pluto mydocker]# docker run -it centos:ip |
②ENTRYPOINT版IP查詢
如果我們希望顯示 HTTP 頭資訊，就需要加上 -i 參數,在CMD時會出現錯誤
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[root@pluto mydocker]# docker run -it centos:ip -i exec: “-i”: executable file not found in $PATH Error response from daemon: Cannot start container a436fb6d142dd601abdb44ced5ec0749df43c65db22f770a50f7519814574380: [8] System error: exec: “-i”: executable file not found in $PATH |
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[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd /mydocker [root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile4
FROM centos:centos6.8 RUN yum install -y curl ENTRYPOINT [“curl”,”-s”,”//cip.cc”]
[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile4 -t centos:ip1 . |
[4].實例4
(1).FROM
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[root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile5
FROM centos:centos6.8 RUN yum install -y curl ENTRYPOINT [“curl”,”-s”,”//cip.cc”] ONBUILD RUN echo “father images onbuild —-“
[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile5 -t centos:myip_father . [root@pluto mydocker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos myip_father 747a0f27ad7e 46 seconds ago 300.6 MB
[root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile6 FROM centos:myip_father RUN yum install -y curl ENTRYPOINT [“curl”,”-s”,”//cip.cc”] ONBUILD RUN echo “father images onbuild —-“
[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile6 -t centos:father_son . |
(2).自定義Tomcat
①Dockerfile
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[root@pluto /]# mkdir -p /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020 [root@pluto tomcat2020]# pwd /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020 [root@pluto tomcat2020]# touch c.txt [root@pluto tomcat2020]# cp /opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.70.tar.gz . [root@pluto tomcat2020]# cp /opt/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz . [root@pluto tomcat2020]# ls apache-tomcat-7.0.70.tar.gz c.txt jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz [root@pluto tomcat2020]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:centos6.8 MAINTAINER pluto<[email protected]> #把宿主機當前上下文的c.txt拷貝到容器/usr/local/路徑下 COPY c.txt /usr/local/cincontainer.txt #把java與tomcat添加到容器中 ADD jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz /usr/local/ ADD apache-tomcat-7.0.70.tar.gz /usr/local/ #安裝vim編輯器 RUN yum -y install vim #設置工作訪問時候的WORKDIR路徑，登錄落腳點 ENV MYPATH /usr/local WORKDIR $MYPATH #配置java與tomcat環境變數 ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_79 ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70 ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70 ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin #容器運行時監聽的埠 EXPOSE 8080 #啟動時運行tomcat # ENTRYPOINT [“/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/startup.sh” ] # CMD [“/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/catalina.sh”,”run”] CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/logs/catalina.out |
註：上面的apache-tomcat-7.0.70和jdk1.7.0_79需要注意，自己的版本需要對應，最簡單獲得的方法就是解壓後就可以知道這兩個是怎麼填寫。如
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[root@pluto apache-tomcat-7.0.70]# pwd /opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.70 [root@pluto jdk1.7.0_79]# pwd /opt/jdk1.7.0_79 |
就可以將這兩個參數填寫到上面中黑體字部分
②構建
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[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker build -f /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020/Dockerfile -t centos:tomcat . |
③運行
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[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos tomcat 9fe67481da23 2 minutes ago 677.5 MB
[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker run -d -p 9080:8080 –name mytomcat -v /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat7/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/test -v /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat7/tomcat7logs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/logs –privileged=true centos:tomcat 8cb50f97b47735e0c10189993670d324a12b16a007f50caba2e9576b14a90fa0
[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8cb50f97b477 centos:tomcat “/bin/sh -c ‘/usr/lo 17 seconds ago Up 17 seconds 0.0.0.0:9080->8080/tcp mytomcat
[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker exec 8cb50f97b477 ls -l |
註：若訪問失敗可能是防火牆的原因，關閉防火牆或者添加規則即可
若出現“Error response from daemon: Conflict. The name “mytomcat” is already in use by container 676291e51f29. You have to delete (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.”則可以通過以下方法解決
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//blog.csdn.net/qq_37189082/article/details/100051374 |
④發布web服務
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[root@pluto test]# mkdir WEB-INF [root@pluto test]# cd WEB-INF/ [root@pluto WEB-INF]# pwd /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020/test/WEB-INF [root@pluto WEB-INF]# vim web.xml
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?> <web-app xmlns:xsi=”//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xmlns=”//java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee” xsi:schemaLocation=”//java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee //java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd” id=”WebApp_ID” version=”2.5″>
<display-name>test</display-name>
</web-app>
[root@pluto test]# cd .. [root@pluto test]# vim a.jsp
<%@ page language=”java” contentType=”text/html; charset=UTF-8″ pageEncoding=”UTF-8″%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN” “//www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd”> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv=”Content-Type” content=”text/html; charset=UTF-8″> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> ———–welcome———— <%=”i am in docker tomcat self “%> <br> <br> <% System.out.println(“=============docker tomcat self”);%> </body> </html>
[root@pluto test]# docker restart mytomcat |
⑤查看日誌
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[root@pluto tomcat7logs]# pwd [root@pluto tomcat7logs]# ll [root@pluto tomcat7logs]# tail -n 5 catalina.out |
網頁刷新幾次就會出現幾次“docker tomcat self”
4.總結
