javacpp-FFmpeg系列之2:通用拉流解碼器,支援影片拉流解碼並轉換為YUV、BGR24或RGB24等影像像素數據

  • 2019 年 11 月 1 日
  • 筆記

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本文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/eguid_1/article/details/82735524

javacpp-ffmpeg系列:

javacpp-FFmpeg系列之1:影片拉流解碼成YUVJ420P,並保存為jpg圖片 javacpp-FFmpeg系列之2:通用拉流解碼器,支援影片拉流解碼並轉換為YUV、BGR24或RGB24等影像像素數據 javacpp-FFmpeg系列之3: 影像數據轉換(BGR與BufferdImage互轉,RGB與BufferdImage互轉) 補充: javacpp-FFmpeg系列補充:FFmpeg解決avformat_find_stream_info檢索時間過長問題

前言:

第一篇中影片解碼成YUVJ420P影像像素數據(以下簡稱YUV或YUV數據),只是YUV在流媒體協議中用的較多(數據少,節省流量頻寬),在影像處理應用較多的是BGR和RGB像素數據。我們已經獲取到了YUV數據,那麼把YUV轉成BGR或者RGB需要再進行一次轉換,顯然性能上的表現並不是很好,所以本篇會通過編寫一個通用轉換器來介紹如何使用ffmpeg解碼轉出BGR、RGB、YUV等像素數據。

補充:

(1)為什麼暫時沒有用python實現,主要是先熟悉ffmpeg的API,後面會出的

(2)為什麼要轉成BGR、RGB像素數據,因為有了這倆其中一個就可以直接生成java的BufferImage了啊,最重要的是我們本意不是要轉成BufferImage,而是直接編碼成base64的影像數據啊

(3)在線演示demo:https://blog.csdn.net/eguid_1/article/details/82842904

項目維護地址:https://github.com/eguid/easyCV

一、功能設計

第一篇寫的很簡略(實際上是那一大坨程式碼,自己實在看不下去了qaq),直接參考ffmpeg原生C的API,不符合java語言編寫習慣,所以本篇會對上篇程式碼進行一些簡單的封裝復用。

功能上,會支援多種格式的像素數據(BGR、RGB、YUV等等);程式碼上,會對各個流程進行闡述分析。

二、功能實現

(1)初始化

載入ffmpeg的網路庫和編解碼庫,不初始化就沒法用,適合放在靜態塊中進行載入

static {           // Register all formats and codecs           av_register_all();           avformat_network_init();       }

(2)打開影片流

初始化AVFormatContext,主要就是根據url創建InputStream,並且會根據不同協議(rtmp/rtsp/hls/文件等)嘗試讀取一些文件頭數據(流媒體頭數據)。

補充:FileNotOpenException是繼承自RuntimeException的自定義異常類,只是加個名字方便標識異常而已,下面還會有幾個異常,都是繼承自RuntimeException的自定義異常類,以下不會再提

 /**        * 打開影片流        * @param url -url        * @return        * @throws FileNotOpenException        */       protected AVFormatContext openInput(String url) throws FileNotOpenException{           AVFormatContext pFormatCtx = new AVFormatContext(null);           if(avformat_open_input(pFormatCtx, url, null, null)==0) {               return pFormatCtx;           }           throw new FileNotOpenException("Didn't open video file");       }   

(3)檢索流資訊

上一步獲得了AVFormatContext,這一步繼續根據AVFormatContext讀取一部分視音頻數據並且獲得一些相關的資訊

 /**        * 檢索流資訊        * @param pFormatCtx        * @return        */       protected AVFormatContext findStreamInfo(AVFormatContext pFormatCtx) throws StreamInfoNotFoundException{           if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, (PointerPointer<?>) null)>= 0) {               return pFormatCtx;           }           throw new StreamInfoNotFoundException("Didn't retrieve stream information");       }   

(3)獲取影片幀

上面兩步確定了媒體文件/流的上下文,這一步嘗試讀取一幀影片幀。

分成兩個方法,先獲取影片幀位置,然後根據位置獲取影片幀,當然也可以合成一個方法使用。

 /**        * 獲取第一幀影片位置        * @param pFormatCtx        * @return        */       protected int findVideoStreamIndex(AVFormatContext pFormatCtx) {           int i = 0, videoStream = -1;           for (i = 0; i < pFormatCtx.nb_streams(); i++) {               AVStream stream=pFormatCtx.streams(i);               AVCodecContext codec=stream.codec();               if (codec.codec_type() == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {                   videoStream = i;                   break;               }           }           return videoStream;       }     /**        * 指定影片幀位置獲取對應影片幀        * @param pFormatCtx        * @param videoStream        * @return        */       protected AVCodecContext findVideoStream(AVFormatContext pFormatCtx ,int videoStream)throws StreamNotFoundException {           if(videoStream >=0) {               // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream               AVStream stream=pFormatCtx.streams(videoStream);               AVCodecContext pCodecCtx = stream.codec();               return pCodecCtx;           }           throw new StreamNotFoundException("Didn't open video file");       }   

(4)查找編解碼器

其實底層調用的還是find_encdec(),遍歷AVCodec鏈表查找有沒有對應的編解碼器,如果沒有找到直接拋出異常,如果已經確定編解碼,也可以指定codec_id

 /**        * 查找並嘗試打開解碼器        * @return        */       protected AVCodecContext findAndOpenCodec(AVCodecContext pCodecCtx) {           // Find the decoder for the video stream           AVCodec pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx.codec_id());           if (pCodec == null) {               System.err.println("Codec not found");               throw new CodecNotFoundExpception("Codec not found");           }           AVDictionary optionsDict = null;           // Open codec           if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, optionsDict) < 0) {               System.err.println("Could not open codec");               throw new CodecNotFoundExpception("Could not open codec"); // Could not open codec           }           return pCodecCtx;       }   

(5.1)循環讀取影片幀並解碼成yuv

這個沒什麼好講的了,前面的準備任務做完,就是一直循環讀取影片幀,最後解碼出來的影像幀都是yuv像素數據,這個顯然不是我們想要的,所以要對這裡進行改動

 // Allocate video frame   AVFrame pFrame = av_frame_alloc();   AVPacket packet = new AVPacket();   // Read frames and save first five frames to disk               while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) >= 0) {                   // Is this a packet from the video stream?                   if (packet.stream_index() == videoStream) {                       // Decode video frame                       avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, frameFinished, packet);                       // Did we get a video frame?                       if (frameFinished != null&&frameFinished[0] != 0) {                             //ffmpeg默認解碼出來的是yuv數據                             System.err.println(pFrame.data());                       }                   }                   // Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame                   av_free_packet(packet);               }   

(5.2)循環讀取影片幀並轉換成RGB或BGR影像像素數據

 // Allocate video frame           AVFrame pFrame = av_frame_alloc();           //Allocate an AVFrame structure           AVFrame pFrameRGB = av_frame_alloc();           width = pCodecCtx.width();           height = pCodecCtx.height();           pFrameRGB.width(width);           pFrameRGB.height(height);           pFrameRGB.format(fmt);           // Determine required buffer size and allocate buffer           int numBytes = avpicture_get_size(fmt, width, height);           SwsContext sws_ctx = sws_getContext(width, height, pCodecCtx.pix_fmt(), width, height,fmt, SWS_BILINEAR, null, null, (DoublePointer) null);           BytePointer buffer = new BytePointer(av_malloc(numBytes));           // Assign appropriate parts of buffer to image planes in pFrameRGB           // Note that pFrameRGB is an AVFrame, but AVFrame is a superset           // of AVPicture           avpicture_fill(new AVPicture(pFrameRGB), buffer, fmt, width, height);           AVPacket packet = new AVPacket();           int[] frameFinished = new int[1];                 // Read frames and save first five frames to disk               while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) >= 0) {                   // Is this a packet from the video stream?                   if (packet.stream_index() == videoStream) {                       // Decode video frame                       avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, frameFinished, packet);                       // Did we get a video frame?                       if (frameFinished != null&&frameFinished[0] != 0) {                           // Convert the image from its native format to BGR                           sws_scale(sws_ctx, pFrame.data(), pFrame.linesize(), 0, height, pFrameRGB.data(),pFrameRGB.linesize());                           //Convert BGR to ByteBuffer   //保存RGB或BGR數據                           return saveFrame(pFrameRGB, width, height);                       }                   }                   // Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame                   av_free_packet(packet);               }   

三、完整程式碼

 package cc.eguid.cv.corelib.videoimageshot.grabber;   import static org.bytedeco.javacpp.avcodec.*;   import static org.bytedeco.javacpp.avformat.*;   import static org.bytedeco.javacpp.avutil.*;   import static org.bytedeco.javacpp.swscale.*;     import java.io.IOException;   import java.nio.ByteBuffer;   import org.bytedeco.javacpp.BytePointer;   import org.bytedeco.javacpp.DoublePointer;   import org.bytedeco.javacpp.PointerPointer;   import cc.eguid.cv.corelib.videoimageshot.exception.CodecNotFoundExpception;   import cc.eguid.cv.corelib.videoimageshot.exception.FileNotOpenException;   import cc.eguid.cv.corelib.videoimageshot.exception.StreamInfoNotFoundException;   import cc.eguid.cv.corelib.videoimageshot.exception.StreamNotFoundException;   public abstract class GrabberTmplate {       static {           // Register all formats and codecs           av_register_all();           avformat_network_init();       }       //保留,暫不用       protected int width;//寬度       protected int height;//高度         /**        * 打開影片流        * @param url -url        * @return        * @throws FileNotOpenException        */       protected AVFormatContext openInput(String url) throws FileNotOpenException{           AVFormatContext pFormatCtx = new AVFormatContext(null);           if(avformat_open_input(pFormatCtx, url, null, null)==0) {               return pFormatCtx;           }           throw new FileNotOpenException("Didn't open video file");       }         /**        * 檢索流資訊        * @param pFormatCtx        * @return        */       protected AVFormatContext findStreamInfo(AVFormatContext pFormatCtx) throws StreamInfoNotFoundException{           if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, (PointerPointer<?>) null)>= 0) {               return pFormatCtx;           }           throw new StreamInfoNotFoundException("Didn't retrieve stream information");       }         /**        * 獲取第一幀影片位置        * @param pFormatCtx        * @return        */       protected int findVideoStreamIndex(AVFormatContext pFormatCtx) {           int i = 0, videoStream = -1;           for (i = 0; i < pFormatCtx.nb_streams(); i++) {               AVStream stream=pFormatCtx.streams(i);               AVCodecContext codec=stream.codec();               if (codec.codec_type() == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {                   videoStream = i;                   break;               }           }           return videoStream;       }         /**        * 指定影片幀位置獲取對應影片幀        * @param pFormatCtx        * @param videoStream        * @return        */       protected AVCodecContext findVideoStream(AVFormatContext pFormatCtx ,int videoStream)throws StreamNotFoundException {           if(videoStream >=0) {               // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream               AVStream stream=pFormatCtx.streams(videoStream);               AVCodecContext pCodecCtx = stream.codec();               return pCodecCtx;           }           throw new StreamNotFoundException("Didn't open video file");       }         /**        * 查找並嘗試打開解碼器        * @return        */       protected AVCodecContext findAndOpenCodec(AVCodecContext pCodecCtx) {           // Find the decoder for the video stream           AVCodec pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx.codec_id());           if (pCodec == null) {               System.err.println("Codec not found");               throw new CodecNotFoundExpception("Codec not found");           }           AVDictionary optionsDict = null;           // Open codec           if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, optionsDict) < 0) {               System.err.println("Could not open codec");               throw new CodecNotFoundExpception("Could not open codec"); // Could not open codec           }           return pCodecCtx;       }        /**        * 抓取影片幀(默認跳過音頻幀和空幀)        * @param url -影片源(rtsp/rtmp/hls/文件等等)        * @param fmt - 像素格式,比如AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24        * @return        * @throws IOException        */       public ByteBuffer grabVideoFrame(String url,int fmt) throws IOException {           // Open video file           AVFormatContext pFormatCtx=openInput(url);           // Retrieve stream information           pFormatCtx=findStreamInfo(pFormatCtx);           // Dump information about file onto standard error           //av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, url, 0);           //Find a video stream           int videoStream=findVideoStreamIndex(pFormatCtx);           AVCodecContext pCodecCtx =findVideoStream(pFormatCtx,videoStream);             // Find the decoder for the video stream           pCodecCtx= findAndOpenCodec(pCodecCtx);           // Allocate video frame           AVFrame pFrame = av_frame_alloc();           //Allocate an AVFrame structure           AVFrame pFrameRGB = av_frame_alloc();           width = pCodecCtx.width();           height = pCodecCtx.height();           pFrameRGB.width(width);           pFrameRGB.height(height);           pFrameRGB.format(fmt);           // Determine required buffer size and allocate buffer           int numBytes = avpicture_get_size(fmt, width, height);           SwsContext sws_ctx = sws_getContext(width, height, pCodecCtx.pix_fmt(), width, height,fmt, SWS_BILINEAR, null, null, (DoublePointer) null);           BytePointer buffer = new BytePointer(av_malloc(numBytes));           // Assign appropriate parts of buffer to image planes in pFrameRGB           // Note that pFrameRGB is an AVFrame, but AVFrame is a superset           // of AVPicture           avpicture_fill(new AVPicture(pFrameRGB), buffer, fmt, width, height);           AVPacket packet = new AVPacket();           int[] frameFinished = new int[1];           try {               // Read frames and save first five frames to disk               while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) >= 0) {                   // Is this a packet from the video stream?                   if (packet.stream_index() == videoStream) {                       // Decode video frame                       avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, frameFinished, packet);                       // Did we get a video frame?                       if (frameFinished != null&&frameFinished[0] != 0) {                           // Convert the image from its native format to BGR                           sws_scale(sws_ctx, pFrame.data(), pFrame.linesize(), 0, height, pFrameRGB.data(),pFrameRGB.linesize());                           //Convert BGR to ByteBuffer                           return saveFrame(pFrameRGB, width, height);                       }                   }                   // Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame                   av_free_packet(packet);               }               return null;           }finally {               //Don't free buffer   //            av_free(buffer);               av_free(pFrameRGB);// Free the RGB image               av_free(pFrame);// Free the YUV frame               sws_freeContext(sws_ctx);//Free SwsContext               avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);// Close the codec               avformat_close_input(pFormatCtx);// Close the video file           }       }         /**        * BGR影像幀轉位元組緩衝區(BGR結構)        *        * @param pFrame        *            -bgr影像幀        * @param width        *            -寬度        * @param height        *            -高度        * @return        * @throws IOException        */       abstract ByteBuffer saveFrame(AVFrame pFrameRGB, int width, int height);   }   

四、小結

本章主要詳解ffmpeg拉流解碼的各個流程,可以通過本章程式碼可以輕鬆實現不限於RGB/BGR/YUV的FFmpeg所支援的多種像素格式轉換

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