SpringBoot中使用redis事務

  • 2019 年 10 月 5 日
  • 筆記

首先從使用springboot+redis碰到的一個問題說起。在前幾篇文章中介紹了用SpringBoot+redis構建了一個個人博客。在剛開始遠行的時候發現發了幾個請求操作了幾次redis之後,後面的就被阻塞了,請求一直在等待返回,我們重現一下問題。

[注意] 該問題只會出現在springboot 2.0之前的版本;2.0之後springboot連接Redis改成了lettuce,並重新實現,問題已經不存在

打開Template的事務支持

POM配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>        <groupId>com.github.springboot</groupId>      <artifactId>redis-tx-demo</artifactId>      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>      <packaging>jar</packaging>        <name>SpringBoot redis TX demo</name>      <description>Demo project for Spring Boot with Redis transaction</description>        <parent>          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>          <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>          <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->      </parent>        <properties>          <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>          <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>          <java.version>1.8</java.version>      </properties>        <dependencies>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>          </dependency>            <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>              <scope>test</scope>          </dependency>      </dependencies>        <build>          <plugins>              <plugin>                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                  <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>              </plugin>          </plugins>      </build>      </project>

Redis configuration (EnbaleTransactionSupport設為true):

@Configuration  public class RedisConfiguration {        @Bean      public StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {          StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();          template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);          template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true); //打開事務支持          return template;      }  }

Controller就是簡單的set一個key到redis:

@RestController  public class DemoController {        private StringRedisTemplate template;        public DemoController(StringRedisTemplate template) {          this.template = template;      }        @GetMapping("/put")      public String redisSet() {          int i = (int)(Math.random() * 100);          template.opsForValue().set("key"+i, "value"+i, 300, TimeUnit.SECONDS);          return "success "+"key"+i;      }    }

啟動後,我們使用RestClient發送請求http://localhost:8080/put,發送8次之後就會發現沒有返回了。這個時候我們查看redis的鏈接數,發現已經超過8個,springboot對於jedis連接池默認的最大活躍連接數是8,所以看出來是連接池被耗光了。

127.0.0.1:6379> info clients  # Clients  connected_clients:9  client_longest_output_list:0  client_biggest_input_buf:0  blocked_clients:0  127.0.0.1:6379>

還有查看程序的日誌可以發現,RedisConnectionUtils只有Opening RedisConnection而沒有close。

2018-08-11 11:00:48.889 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-8]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [doGetConnection:126] Opening RedisConnection  2018-08-11 11:00:50.169 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-8]:o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor [writeWithMessageConverters:249] Written [success key39] as "text/plain" using [org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter@766a49c7]  2018-08-11 11:00:50.170 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-8]:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet [processDispatchResult:1044] Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcherServlet': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling  2018-08-11 11:00:50.170 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-8]:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet [processRequest:1000] Successfully completed request  2018-08-11 11:00:50.170 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-8]:o.s.boot.web.filter.OrderedRequestContextFilter [doFilterInternal:104] Cleared thread-bound request context: org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade@c03b2d8  2018-08-11 11:00:53.854 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-9]:o.s.boot.web.filter.OrderedRequestContextFilter [initContextHolders:114] Bound request context to thread: org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade@c03b2d8  2018-08-11 11:00:53.856 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-9]:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet [doService:865] DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcherServlet' processing GET request for [/put]  2018-08-11 11:00:53.857 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-9]:o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping [getHandlerInternal:310] Looking up handler method for path /put  2018-08-11 11:00:53.857 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-9]:o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping [getHandlerInternal:317] Returning handler method [public java.lang.String com.github.springboot.demo.DemoController.redisSet()]  2018-08-11 11:00:53.858 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-9]:o.s.b.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory [doGetBean:251] Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'demoController'  2018-08-11 11:00:53.858 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-9]:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet [doDispatch:951] Last-Modified value for [/put] is: -1  2018-08-11 11:00:53.861 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-9]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [doGetConnection:126] Opening RedisConnection

關閉template的事務支持 接下來我們修改一下RedisConfiguration的配置,不啟用事務管理,

@Bean  public StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {      StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();      template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);  //  template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);   //禁用事務支持      return template;  }

重新測試一下,發現是正常的,redis的client鏈接數一直保持在2。程序日誌里的也可以看到Redis Connection關閉的日誌。

2018-08-11 15:55:19.975 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [doGetConnection:126] Opening RedisConnection  2018-08-11 15:55:20.029 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [releaseConnection:210] Closing Redis Connection  2018-08-11 15:55:20.056 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor [writeWithMessageConverters:249] Written [success key72] as "text/plain" using [org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter@51ab1ee3]

也就是說,如果我們把事務的支持打開,spring在每次操作之後是不會主動關閉連接的。我們去RedisTemplate的源碼中找下原因。

public ValueOperations<K, V> opsForValue() {          if (valueOps == null) {              valueOps = new DefaultValueOperations<K, V>(this);          }          return valueOps;  }

可以發現template.opsForValue().set()操作最終是調用的DefaultValueOperations中的set()方法,繼續跟進去最終調用的RedisTemplate中的execute(RedisCallback<T> action, boolean exposeConnection, boolean pipeline)方法。

public <T> T execute(RedisCallback<T> action, boolean exposeConnection, boolean pipeline) {          Assert.isTrue(initialized, "template not initialized; call afterPropertiesSet() before using it");          Assert.notNull(action, "Callback object must not be null");            RedisConnectionFactory factory = getConnectionFactory();          RedisConnection conn = null;          try {                if (enableTransactionSupport) {                  // only bind resources in case of potential transaction synchronization                  conn = RedisConnectionUtils.bindConnection(factory, enableTransactionSupport);              } else {                  conn = RedisConnectionUtils.getConnection(factory);              }                boolean existingConnection = TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(factory);                RedisConnection connToUse = preProcessConnection(conn, existingConnection);                boolean pipelineStatus = connToUse.isPipelined();              if (pipeline && !pipelineStatus) {                  connToUse.openPipeline();              }                RedisConnection connToExpose = (exposeConnection ? connToUse : createRedisConnectionProxy(connToUse));              T result = action.doInRedis(connToExpose);                // close pipeline              if (pipeline && !pipelineStatus) {                  connToUse.closePipeline();              }                // TODO: any other connection processing?              return postProcessResult(result, connToUse, existingConnection);          } finally {              RedisConnectionUtils.releaseConnection(conn, factory);          }      }

可以看到獲取連接的操作也針對打開事務支持的template有特殊的處理邏輯。這裡我們先跳過,先看看最終肯定會走到的RedisConnectionUtils.releaseConnection(conn, factory)這一步。

/**       * Closes the given connection, created via the given factory if not managed externally (i.e. not bound to the       * thread).       *       * @param conn the Redis connection to close       * @param factory the Redis factory that the connection was created with       */      public static void releaseConnection(RedisConnection conn, RedisConnectionFactory factory) {            if (conn == null) {              return;          }            RedisConnectionHolder connHolder = (RedisConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(factory);            if (connHolder != null && connHolder.isTransactionSyncronisationActive()) {              if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {                  log.debug("Redis Connection will be closed when transaction finished.");              }              return;          }            // release transactional/read-only and non-transactional/non-bound connections.          // transactional connections for read-only transactions get no synchronizer registered          if (isConnectionTransactional(conn, factory)                  && TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()) {              unbindConnection(factory);          } else if (!isConnectionTransactional(conn, factory)) {              if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {                  log.debug("Closing Redis Connection");              }              conn.close();          }      }

可以看到針對打開事務支持的template,只是解綁了連接,根本沒有做close的操作。關於什麼是解綁,其實這個方法的注釋中已經說的比較清楚了,對於開啟了事務的Template,由於已經綁定了線程中連接,所以這裡是不會關閉的,只是做了解綁的操作。

到這裡原因就很清楚了,就是只要template開啟了事務支持,spring就認為只要使用這個template就會包含在事務當中,因為一個事務中的操作必須在同一個連接中完成,所以在每次get/set之後,template是不會關閉鏈接的,因為它不知道事務有沒有結束。

使用@Transanctional註解支持Redis事務

既然RedisTemlate在setEnableTransactionSupport會造成連接不關閉,那怎麼樣才能正常關閉呢?我們將事務支持開關和@Transanctional結合起來用看看會怎麼樣。

spring中要使用@Transanctional首先要配transactionManager,但是spring沒有專門針對Redis的事務管理器實現,而是所有調用RedisTemplate的方法最終都會調用到RedisConnctionUtils這個類的方法上面,在這個類裏面會判斷是不是進入到事務裏面,也就是說Redis的事務管理的功能是由RedisConnctionUtils內部實現的。

根據官方文檔,我只想用Redis事務,也必須把JDBC捎上。當然反過來講,不依賴數據的項目確實不多,貌似這麼實現影響也不大。下面我們先根據官方文檔配置一下看看效果。

首先修改POM配置,添加兩個依賴。如果項目里本來已經使用了數據庫,那這一步就不需要了。

<dependency>          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>          <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>          <artifactId>h2</artifactId>          <scope>runtime</scope>  </dependency>

然後修改RedisConfiguration

@Bean      public StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {          StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();          template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);          template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);//打開事務支持          return template;      }        //配置事務管理器      @Bean      public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {          return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);      }

我們新建一個RedisService,將原來的數據操作移到service裏面。同時將Service方法加上@Transactional註解。

@Service  public class RedisService {        private StringRedisTemplate template;        public RedisService(StringRedisTemplate template) {          this.template = template;      }        @Transactional      public String put() {          int i = (int)(Math.random() * 100);          template.opsForValue().set("key"+i, "value"+i, 300, TimeUnit.SECONDS);          return "success "+"key"+i;      }  }    //-----------------------------------------------------------  //controller裏面加一個新的方法,調用Service  @GetMapping("/puttx")  public String redisTxSet() {      return redisService.put();  }

完成這些工作之後,再往http://localhost:8080/puttx發送請求,無論點多少次,Redis的連接數始終維持在1個不變。在看程序的輸出日誌裏面我們也發現了,事務結束後連接被正常釋放。因為使用了JDBC的事務管理器,所以還順便做了一次數據庫事務的開啟和提交。還有一點值得注意的是,跟數據庫一樣,使用註解來做事務管理,spring也會主動管理redis事務的提交和回滾,也就是在之前發送一條MULTI命令,成功後發送EXEC,失敗後發送DISCARD。

2018-08-11 20:57:04.990 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [doGetConnection:126] Opening RedisConnection  2018-08-11 20:57:04.990 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy [getProxy:118] Creating JDK dynamic proxy: target source is SingletonTargetSource for target object [org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnection@20f2be3c]  2018-08-11 20:57:04.990 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [intercept:337] Invoke 'multi' on bound conneciton  2018-08-11 20:57:04.991 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [intercept:337] Invoke 'isPipelined' on bound conneciton  2018-08-11 20:57:04.991 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [intercept:337] Invoke 'setEx' on bound conneciton  2018-08-11 20:57:04.991 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [releaseConnection:198] Redis Connection will be closed when transaction finished.  2018-08-11 20:57:04.991 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager [processCommit:759] Initiating transaction commit  2018-08-11 20:57:04.991 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager [doCommit:310] Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [ProxyConnection[PooledConnection[conn9: url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb user=SA]]]  2018-08-11 20:57:04.992 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [intercept:337] Invoke 'exec' on bound conneciton  2018-08-11 20:57:04.992 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [afterCompletion:306] Closing bound connection after transaction completed with 0  2018-08-11 20:57:04.992 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils [intercept:337] Invoke 'close' on bound conneciton  2018-08-11 20:57:04.993 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.s.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager [doCleanupAfterCompletion:368] Releasing JDBC Connection [ProxyConnection[PooledConnection[conn9: url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb user=SA]]] after transaction  2018-08-11 20:57:04.993 [DEBUG][http-nio-8080-exec-1]:o.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils [doReleaseConnection:327] Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource

總結

在spring中要使用Redis註解式事務,首先要設置RedisTemplate的enableTransactionSupport屬性為true,然後配置一個jdbc的事務管理器。 這裡有一點非常重要,一旦這樣配置,所有使用這個template的redis操作都必須走註解式事務,要不然會導致連接一直佔用,不關閉。

建議

  • 升級到springboot 2.0以上版本,如果因為項目原因無法升級看下面的建議
  • 如果使用Redis事務的場景不多,完全可以自己管理,不需要使用spring的註解式事務。如下面這樣使用:
List<Object> txResults = redisTemplate.execute(new SessionCallback<List<Object>>() {    public List<Object> execute(RedisOperations operations) throws DataAccessException {      operations.multi();      operations.opsForSet().add("key", "value1");      // This will contain the results of all ops in the transaction      return operations.exec();    }  });
  • 如果一定要使用spring提供的註解式事務,建議初始化兩個RedisTemplate Bean,分別設置enableTransactionSupport屬性為true和false。針對需要事務和不需要事務的操作使用不同的template。
  • 從個人角度,我不建議使用redis事務,因為redis對於事務的支持並不是關係型數據庫那樣滿足ACID。Redis事務只能保證ACID中的隔離性和一致性,無法保證原子性和持久性。而我們使用事務最重要的一個理由就是原子性,這一點無法保證,事務的意義就去掉一大半了。所以事務的場景可以嘗試通過業務代碼來實現。