Jmeter(四十六) – 從入門到精通高級篇 – Jmeter之網頁圖片爬蟲-下篇(詳解教程)
1.簡介
上一篇介紹了爬取文章,這一篇宏哥就簡單的介紹一下,如何爬取圖片然後保存到本地電腦中。網上很多漂亮的壁紙或者是美女、妹子,想自己收藏一些,挨個保存太費時間,那你可以利用爬蟲然後批量下載。
2.爬蟲原理
其實這個和上一篇都是一樣的道理,宏哥在啰嗦一遍。Jmeter 的爬蟲原理其實很簡單,就是對網頁提交一個請求,然後把返回的所有 href 提取出來,利用 ForEach 控制器去實現 url 遍歷。這樣解釋是不是很清晰?下面宏哥就來簡單介紹一下如何操作。
3.牛刀小試
宏哥這裡以一個圖片網站為例給小夥伴或者童鞋們演示用過程和步驟。
該網站為動態。網址://unsplash.com/
3.1開始實戰
1、因為是動態網站,所以獲取網頁內容後,很多圖片找不到,使用瀏覽器F12功能,分析網站的請求,得出:
網頁動態加載請求://unsplash.com/napi/photos?page=1&per_page=12&order_by=latest,其中1,代表加載幾頁,12代表每次加載12張圖片;
圖片下載請求://unsplash.com/photos/xxx/download?force=true,其中xxx代表每個圖片的id。
2、我們開始使用jmeter爬取網站上的圖片。打開Jemter,新建線程組,如下圖所示:
4、添加參數化文件,配置元件->CSV數據文件設置,設置文件路徑,編碼、變量、間隔符等,如下圖所示:
5、我們現在需要把圖片id提取出來,利用強大的正則表達式提取。先分析下網頁請求返回的數據,因此宏哥添加一個察看結果樹,運行Jmeter,如下圖所示:
6、返回結果,宏哥粘貼並且格式化,如下圖所示:
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6、從上邊返回的是json格式,第一個id就是圖片id。我們可以利用id提取數據,“id”:”(.*?)”,括號里就是需要提取的數據。如下圖所示:
7、從上圖我們可以清楚地看出正則匹配的總數是26,遠遠超過了圖片總數12張,因此提取的還有其他的id。我們繼續分析,看到在user里也有一個id,這個id並不是圖片的id,用這個id去下載圖片,會報404錯誤,我們用剛才的正則會把這個id提取出來。繼續分析數據,發現download鏈接,沒個圖片除了id不一樣,其他都一樣,user里沒有這個鏈接,我們用這個鏈接提取數據 “download”:”//unsplash.com/photos/(.*?)/download。如下圖所示:
8、從上圖我們看到提取匹配總數是12,正確,因此我們需要添加一個正則提取器,將以上的正則表達式填寫到正則提取器中,記得匹配數字填-1,把所有匹配的都提取出來,如下圖所示:
9、我們添加一個sampler->Debug Sampler,查看一下是否真的取出我們想要的數據了,如下圖所示:
10、保存後,運行Jmeter,點擊察看結果樹,查看取出的數據,說明id已經被我們取出來了,如下圖所示:
11、接下來需要用我們的foreach控制器了 ,對所有的id進行遍歷,在控制器里輸入變量名稱,就是正則表達式里的變量名,如下圖所示:
12、在foreach控制器下面再添加一個http請求,用於下載圖片 ,就是我們開頭寫明的下載圖片請求,設置與第一個http請求一致,記得將id參數化,用表達式里變量名即可,如下圖所示:
13、發送圖片下載請求後,我們使用beanshell將圖片保存到本地,在請求下,添加後置處理器->BeanShell PostProcessor,編寫保存圖片腳本,如下圖所示:
14、保存圖片腳本參考代碼如下:
import java.io.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; Date date = new Date(); date.getDate(); SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyymmdd-HHmmss"); String formate = df.format(date); //string name = vars.get("imgid"); byte[] result = prev.getResponseData(); //這個是獲取到請求返回的數據,prev是獲取上個請求的返回 String file_name = "E:\\photos\\" + formate + ".jpg"; //代表存放文件的位置和文件名 File file = new File(file_name); FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file); out.write(result); out.close();
15、下面我們就可以見證奇蹟的時刻了,運行完畢後,察看結果樹可以看到運行結果,存放路徑中,可以看到下載的圖片了,如下圖所示:
4.小結
1.在保存到本地圖片要創建你代碼里寫的路徑,或者代碼中判斷有就不創建,沒有就創建。
2.主要你的正則表達式是否真的提取到了你需要的數據。
3.細心地小夥伴看到我這裡只有12張,但是參數可以循環3次,36張,這是怎麼回事了,那是因為宏哥的線程組是1,所以就是12張了。
4.熟練地掌握正則表達式的用法。這裡最重要的一步就是正則表達式提取我們想要的關鍵數據
好了,關於Jmeter爬蟲就到這裡吧,其實和上一篇的內容也差不多少。