Java IO学习笔记四：Socket基础
作者：Grey
准备两个Linux实例(安装好jdk1.8)，我准备的两个实例的ip地址分别为：
io1实例：192.168.205.138
io2实例：192.168.205.149
安装必要工具：
yum install -y strace lsof pmap tcpdump
准备服务端代码
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* BIO Socket Server
*/
public class SocketServerBIOTest {
private static final int PORT = 9090;
private static final int BACK_LOG = 2;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket server = null;
try {
server = new ServerSocket();
server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT), BACK_LOG);
System.out.println("server started , port : " + PORT);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
// 接受客户端连接
while (true) {
// 先阻塞，这样客户端暂时无法连接进来
System.in.read();
// 这个方法也是阻塞的，如果没有客户端连接进来，会一直阻塞在这里，除非设置了超时时间
Socket client = server.accept();
System.out.println("client " + client.getPort() + " connected!!!");
// 客户端连接进来后，开辟一个新的线程去接收并处理
new Thread(() -> {
try {
InputStream inputStream = client.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
char[] data = new char[1024];
while (true) {
int num = reader.read(data);
if (num > 0) {
System.out.println("client read some data is :" + num + " val :" + new String(data, 0, num));
} else if (num == 0) {
System.out.println("client read nothing!");
continue;
} else {
System.out.println("client read -1...");
System.in.read();
client.close();
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
server.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
死循环中，由于第一句：
System.in.read();
导致
Socket client = server.accept();
无法执行，即：服务端此时是无法接收客户端的。
准备客户端代码：
import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* Socket Client
*/
public class SocketClientTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Socket client = new Socket("192.168.205.138", 9090);
OutputStream out = client.getOutputStream();
InputStream in = System.in;
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
while (true) {
String line = reader.readLine();
if (line != null) {
byte[] bb = line.getBytes();
for (byte b : bb) {
out.write(b);
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在实例io1中启动服务端代码：
javac SocketServerBIOTest.java && java SocketServerBIOTest
在io1中开启抓包工具：
tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
在io2中执行客户端代码：
javac SocketClientTest.java && java SocketClientTest
由于我们在服务端加了一段：
System.in.read()
方法，导致服务端其实没办法执行accept()
但是在服务端查看抓包信息：
[root@io socket]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:19:56.021974 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [S], seq 391962776, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 16515471 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:19:56.022035 IP 192.168.205.138.9090 > 192.168.205.149.56944: Flags [S.], seq 2744580571, ack 391962777, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 16517545 ecr 16515471,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:19:56.022349 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 16515472 ecr 16517545], length 0
内核已经为客户端和服务端建立了连接并完成了三次握手，在服务端使用netstat查看：
[root@io socket]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
...
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:56944 ESTABLISHED -
...
显示已经建立了连接，只不过还没有分配：PID/Program name。
在客户端输入一些信息，
[root@io2 socket]# javac SocketClientTest.java && java SocketClientTest
asdfasdfasdfasf
在服务端再次执行netstat
[root@io socket]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
...
tcp6 15 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:56944 ESTABLISHED -
...
也显示出接收到了数据。
再服务端再次开启抓包：
tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
再次在客户端输入一些数据：
[root@io2 socket]# javac SocketClientTest.java && java SocketClientTest
asdfasdfasdfasf
dfasdfasdfasdas
可以看到抓包信息：
[root@io ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:26:48.632564 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [P.], seq 391962792:391962793, ack 2744580572, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 16928082 ecr 16757410], length 1
15:26:48.632609 IP 192.168.205.138.9090 > 192.168.205.149.56944: Flags [.], ack 1, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 16930156 ecr 16928082], length 0
15:26:48.632791 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [P.], seq 1:15, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 16928082 ecr 16930156], length 14
15:26:48.632825 IP 192.168.205.138.9090 > 192.168.205.149.56944: Flags [.], ack 15, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 16930156 ecr 16928082], length 0
以上实验主要说明了一个问题：
虽然在应用层面，服务端没有调用accept() 去接收客户端，但是，内核其实已经完成了客户端和服务端的三次握手以及数据传输。
接下来，我们触发服务端：
Socket client = server.accept();
这段逻辑
服务端可以显示客户端的数据
^C[root@io socket]# java SocketServerBIOTest
server started , port : 9090
client 56944 connected!!!
client read some data is :30 val :asdfasdfasdfasfdfasdfasdfasdas
服务端执行nestat -ntap,
[root@io ~]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
...
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:56944 ESTABLISHED 2266/java
...
可以看到已经分配了一个PID，通过:
lsof -p 2266
查看这个java进程相关的文件描述符
[root@io ~]# lsof -p 2266
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
...
java 2266 root 6u IPv6 26479 0t0 TCP 192.168.205.138:websm->192.168.205.149:56944 (ESTABLISHED)
...
6u就对应了服务端和客户端连接的一个Socket。
以上演示的是一个BIO的模型，在具体的编程中，服务端和客户端都有很多配置的参数。详见：socketOpt
