用栈来实现简易版中缀表达式的计算器

  • 2020 年 2 月 20 日
  • 笔记

1.什么是栈 先进后出,元素的删除和插入只能在同一端的一种线性表

2.栈的实现方式 数组和链表都可以,本次使用数组

3.什么是中缀表达式 3+2-1*6+10

4.代码:

/**   * @author shengjk1   * @date 2020/2/13   */  public class Calcaulator {  	public static void main(String[] args) {  		// 中缀表达式  		String expression = "5-1*6+2";  		//创建两个栈 数栈、符号栈  		ArrayStack1 numStack = new ArrayStack1(10);  		ArrayStack1 operStack = new ArrayStack1(10);    		//用于遍历  		int index = 0;  		int num1, num2 = 0;  		int oper = 0;  		int res = 0;  		//每次扫描得到的char  		char ch = ' ';  		//用来拼接多位数  		String keepNum = "";    		while (true) {  			ch = expression.substring(index, index + 1).charAt(0);  			//判断 ch 是什么,然后做相应的处理  			if (operStack.isOper(ch)) {  				//判断当前的符号栈是否为空  				if (!operStack.isEmpty()) {  					//如果当前的操作符的优先级小于等于栈中符号的优先级,就需要从数栈中 pop  两个数  					//在从符号栈中 pop 出一个符号,进行运算,将得到结果,入数栈,然后将当前的操作符入符号栈  					if (operStack.priority(ch) <= operStack.priority(operStack.peek())) {  						num1 = numStack.pop();  						num2 = numStack.pop();  						oper = operStack.pop();  						res = numStack.cal(num1, num2, oper);  						//运算的结果入数栈  						numStack.push(res);  						//然后将当前的操作符入符号栈  						operStack.push(ch);  					} else {  						//如果当前的操作符大于栈中的操作符,就直接入符号栈  						operStack.push(ch);  					}  				} else {  					//如果为空,直接入符号栈  					operStack.push(ch);  				}  			} else {  				// 如果是数字则直接入数栈  //				numStack.push(ch - 48);  				//看 index 后一位,如果是数则继续进行扫描,如果不是则入栈  				keepNum += ch;  				if (index == expression.length() - 1) {  					numStack.push(Integer.parseInt(keepNum));  				} else {  					if (operStack.isOper(expression.substring(index + 1, index + 2).charAt(0))) {  						numStack.push(Integer.parseInt(keepNum));  						keepNum = "";  					}  				}  			}  			//让 index +1,并判断是否扫描到 exoression 最后  			index++;  			if (index >= expression.length()) {  				break;  			}  		}    		//当表达式扫描完毕,就顺序的从数栈和符号栈中pop出相应的数和符号,并运行  		while (true) {  			if (operStack.isEmpty()) {  				break;  			}  			num1 = numStack.pop();  			num2 = numStack.pop();  			oper = operStack.pop();  			res = numStack.cal(num1, num2, oper);  			//运算的结果入数栈  			numStack.push(res);  		}  		System.out.printf("表达式 %s = %d ", expression, numStack.pop());  	}  }    class ArrayStack1 {  	private int maxSize;  	private int[] stack;  	private int top = -1;    	public ArrayStack1(int maxSize) {  		this.maxSize = maxSize;  		stack = new int[maxSize];  	}      	// 栈满  	public boolean isFull() {  		return top == maxSize - 1;  	}    	//栈空  	public boolean isEmpty() {  		return top == -1;  	}    	//查看当前栈顶的值  	public int peek() {  		return stack[top];  	}    	//入栈  	public void push(int element) {  		if (isFull()) {  			System.out.println("栈满");  			return;  		}  		top++;  		stack[top] = element;  	}    	//出栈  	public int pop() {  		if (isEmpty()) {  			throw new RuntimeException("stack is empty!");  		}  		int temp = stack[top];  //		stack[top]=null; 防止内存泄露  		top--;  		return temp;  	}    	//  	public void list() {  		if (isEmpty()) {  			System.out.println("stack is empty");  			return;  		}  		for (int i = top; i >= 0; i--) {  			System.out.printf("stack[%d]=%dn", i, stack[i]);  		}  	}    	//返回运算符的优先级 假设优先级越高返回的数字越大  	public int priority(int oper) {  		if (oper == '*' || oper == '/') {  			return 1;  		} else if (oper == '+' || oper == '-') {  			return 0;  		} else {  			//假设目前表达式只有 + - * /  			return -1;  		}  	}    	/**  	 * @param val  	 * @return  	 */  	public boolean isOper(char val) {  		return val == '+' || val == '-' || val == '*' || val == '/';  	}    	/**  	 * 计算  	 *  	 * @param num1  	 * @param num2  	 * @param oper  	 * @return  	 */  	public int cal(int num1, int num2, int oper) {  		int res = 0;  		switch (oper) {  			case '+':  				res = num1 + num2;  				break;  			case '-':  				//注意顺序  				res = num2 - num1;  				break;  			case '*':  				res = num1 * num2;  				break;  			case '/':  				res = num2 / num1;  				break;  			default:  				break;  		}  		return res;  	}  }

5.栈的使用场景: 1.递归 2.方法调用 3.表达式的转化和求值 4.二叉树遍历 5.图的深度优先遍历 6.逆序输出 如 单链表的反转