【Flutter 专题】71 图解基本隐式动画 Widget

  • 2019 年 12 月 30 日
  • 笔记

和尚前段时间自定义 ACEStepper 步进器时,在 ACEStep 中尝试过 AnimatedCrossFade 用于在两个 Widget 切换过度,简单实用,今天和尚重点学习一下并尝试相关隐式动画 Widget

AnimatedCrossFade 淡入淡出动画

源码分析

const AnimatedCrossFade({      Key key,      @required this.firstChild,                  // 首个展示 Widget      @required this.secondChild,                 // 第二展示 Widget      this.firstCurve = Curves.linear,            // 首个 Widget 展示动画      this.secondCurve = Curves.linear,           // 第二 Widget 展示动画      this.sizeCurve = Curves.linear,             // 切换时尺寸动画      this.alignment = Alignment.topCenter,       // 对齐方式      @required this.crossFadeState,              // 切换状态(是否切换)      @required this.duration,                    // 切换动画时长      this.reverseDuration,                       // 切换反向动画时长      this.layoutBuilder = defaultLayoutBuilder,  // Widget 布局构造器  })  

分析源码可知,AnimatedCrossFade 可以在指定时间内从一个 Widget 到另一个 Widget 的平滑过渡或反向过渡;其中切换状态和时长是必要属性;

案例尝试

  1. 和尚尝试一个基本的动画过程,两个方块之间进行切换;
return GestureDetector(      onTap: () { setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged); },      child: Container(          child: AnimatedCrossFade(              firstChild: Container(width: 100, height: 100, color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4)),              secondChild: Container(width: 200, height: 200, color: Colors.blueGrey.withOpacity(0.4)),              duration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500),              crossFadeState: isChanged ? CrossFadeState.showSecond : CrossFadeState.showFirst)));  
  1. reverseDuration 为切换反向动画时长;
reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),  
  1. firstCurve / secondCurve 为两个 Widget 切换时动画效果;动画效果有多种,和尚不在此赘述;
firstCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,  secondCurve: Curves.easeInExpo,  
  1. alignment 为尺寸动画切换时对齐位置,当两个 Widget 大小不同时效果明显,和尚尝试了两种位置进行对比;
alignment: Alignment.bottomRight,    alignment: Alignment.center,  
  1. sizeCurve 为尺寸切换动画,当两个 Widget 大小不同时效果明显;
sizeCurve: Curves.easeInExpo,    sizeCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,  
  1. layoutBuilder 为布局构造器,这个是和尚认为最值得研究的地方,构造器并不陌生,但在这里的作用却比较特殊,通过 Stack 将两个 Widget 层级叠放,底部 Widget 默认尺寸位置以上层 Widget 为基准,默认 Position 边距均为 0.0;我们可以自定义调整动画起始位置;
// 默认  static Widget defaultLayoutBuilder(Widget topChild, Key topChildKey, Widget bottomChild, Key bottomChildKey) {    return Stack(        overflow: Overflow.visible,        children: <Widget>[          Positioned(key: bottomChildKey, left: 0.0, top: 0.0, right: 0.0, child: bottomChild),          Positioned(key: topChildKey, child: topChild)        ]);  }  // 调整 Position 位置  layoutBuilder: (topChild, topChildKey, bottomChild, bottomChildKey) {    return Stack(children: <Widget>[      Positioned(key: bottomChildKey, left: 50.0, top: 50.0, right: 50.0, bottom: 50.0, child: bottomChild),      Positioned(key: topChildKey, child: topChild)    ]);  }  

[AnimatedCrossFade 源码]()

AnimatedSwitcher 切换动画

源码分析

const AnimatedSwitcher({      Key key,      this.child,      @required this.duration,                // 切换动画时长      this.reverseDuration,                   // 反向切换动画时长      this.switchInCurve = Curves.linear,     // 切换显示时动画曲线      this.switchOutCurve = Curves.linear,    // 切换隐藏时动画曲线      this.transitionBuilder = AnimatedSwitcher.defaultTransitionBuilder,  // Widget 动画构造器      this.layoutBuilder = AnimatedSwitcher.defaultLayoutBuilder,          // Widget 布局构造器  })  

分析源码可知,AnimatedSwitcher 更加灵活,可自由设置切换动画之间显示隐藏动画效果;当 child Widget 内容或 Key 有变更时,old child 会执行隐藏动画,new child 会执行展现动画;

案例尝试

  1. 和尚尝试切换两个基本的方块,但刚开始切换动画时长和反向切换动画时长没有效果,两个 Widget 只有参数更新,动画效果未执行;和尚尝试加入 Key 区分之后正常;
return GestureDetector(      onTap: () => setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged),      child: AnimatedSwitcher(          duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),          reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500),          child: isChanged              ? Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4),  width: 100, height: 100)              : Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120)));  
  1. 和尚在切换过程中尝试不同的显示隐藏动画效果;
switchInCurve: Curves.easeInCubic,  switchOutCurve: Curves.fastLinearToSlowEaseIn,    switchInCurve: Curves.easeInExpo,  switchOutCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,  
  1. transitionBuilder 为动画构造器,可以自定义动画效果;和尚尝试了两种简单的缩放动画和平移动画,暂未尝试复杂动画;且动画属性与显示隐藏的 switchInCurve / switchOutCurve 动画曲线共同展示效果;
// 缩放动画效果  return GestureDetector(      onTap: () => setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged),      child: AnimatedSwitcher(          duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),          reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500),          switchInCurve: Curves.easeInCubic,          switchOutCurve: Curves.fastLinearToSlowEaseIn,          child: isChanged              ? Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4), width: 100, height: 100)              : Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120),          transitionBuilder: (Widget child, Animation<double> animation) {            return ScaleTransition(scale: animation, child: child);          }));    // 平移动画效果  return GestureDetector(      onTap: () => setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged),      child: AnimatedSwitcher(          duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),          reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500),          switchInCurve: Curves.easeInExpo,          switchOutCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,          child: isChanged              ? Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4), width: 100, height: 100)              : Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120),          transitionBuilder: (Widget child, Animation<double> animation) {            return SlideTransition(child: child, position: Tween<Offset>(begin: Offset(1, 0), end: Offset(0, 0)).animate(animation));          }));  
  1. childold/new Widget 一般是以 Stack 层级存储,在动画过程中两个 Widget 均要展示,可以通过 layoutBuilder 布局构造器进行自定义;和尚尝试调整对齐方式和只展示 current Widget 动画效果;
// 调整层级对齐方式  layoutBuilder: (Widget currentChild, List<Widget> previousChildren) {    return Stack(children: <Widget>[      ...previousChildren,      if (currentChild != null) currentChild    ], alignment: Alignment.bottomRight);  }    // 只展示当前 Widget 动画效果  layoutBuilder: (Widget currentChild, List<Widget> previousChildren) {      return currentChild;  }  
  1. AnimatedSwitcher 可以设置多个 Widget 平滑切换,相对于 AnimatedCrossFade 可扩展性更高;和尚尝试三个 Widget 平移切换;
return GestureDetector(      onTap: () => setState(() {            ++index;            index = index % 3;          }),      child: AnimatedSwitcher(          duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),          child: _animatedItemWid(index),          transitionBuilder: (Widget child, Animation<double> animation) {            return SlideTransition(child: child, position: Tween<Offset>(begin: Offset(1, 0), end: Offset(0, 0)).animate(animation));          }));    Widget _animatedItemWid(index) {    switch (index) {      case 0:        return Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4), width: 100, height: 100);        break;      case 1:        return Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120);        break;      case 2:        return Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.orange.withOpacity(0.4), width: 120, height: 140);        break;    }  }  

[AnimatedSwitcher 源码]()


Flutter 还提供了很多灵活的隐式动画 Widget,和尚认为这两类最灵活,使用场景最多;和尚对隐式动画研究还不够深入,如有错误请多多指导!

来源:阿策小和尚