【Flutter 专题】71 图解基本隐式动画 Widget
- 2019 年 12 月 30 日
- 笔记
和尚前段时间自定义 ACEStepper 步进器时,在 ACEStep 中尝试过 AnimatedCrossFade 用于在两个 Widget 切换过度,简单实用,今天和尚重点学习一下并尝试相关隐式动画 Widget;
AnimatedCrossFade 淡入淡出动画
源码分析
const AnimatedCrossFade({ Key key, @required this.firstChild, // 首个展示 Widget @required this.secondChild, // 第二展示 Widget this.firstCurve = Curves.linear, // 首个 Widget 展示动画 this.secondCurve = Curves.linear, // 第二 Widget 展示动画 this.sizeCurve = Curves.linear, // 切换时尺寸动画 this.alignment = Alignment.topCenter, // 对齐方式 @required this.crossFadeState, // 切换状态(是否切换) @required this.duration, // 切换动画时长 this.reverseDuration, // 切换反向动画时长 this.layoutBuilder = defaultLayoutBuilder, // Widget 布局构造器 })
分析源码可知,AnimatedCrossFade 可以在指定时间内从一个 Widget 到另一个 Widget 的平滑过渡或反向过渡;其中切换状态和时长是必要属性;
案例尝试
- 和尚尝试一个基本的动画过程,两个方块之间进行切换;
return GestureDetector( onTap: () { setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged); }, child: Container( child: AnimatedCrossFade( firstChild: Container(width: 100, height: 100, color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4)), secondChild: Container(width: 200, height: 200, color: Colors.blueGrey.withOpacity(0.4)), duration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500), crossFadeState: isChanged ? CrossFadeState.showSecond : CrossFadeState.showFirst)));

- reverseDuration 为切换反向动画时长;
reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),

- firstCurve / secondCurve 为两个 Widget 切换时动画效果;动画效果有多种,和尚不在此赘述;
firstCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn, secondCurve: Curves.easeInExpo,

- alignment 为尺寸动画切换时对齐位置,当两个 Widget 大小不同时效果明显,和尚尝试了两种位置进行对比;
alignment: Alignment.bottomRight, alignment: Alignment.center,

- sizeCurve 为尺寸切换动画,当两个 Widget 大小不同时效果明显;
sizeCurve: Curves.easeInExpo, sizeCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,

- layoutBuilder 为布局构造器,这个是和尚认为最值得研究的地方,构造器并不陌生,但在这里的作用却比较特殊,通过 Stack 将两个 Widget 层级叠放,底部 Widget 默认尺寸位置以上层 Widget 为基准,默认 Position 边距均为 0.0;我们可以自定义调整动画起始位置;
// 默认 static Widget defaultLayoutBuilder(Widget topChild, Key topChildKey, Widget bottomChild, Key bottomChildKey) { return Stack( overflow: Overflow.visible, children: <Widget>[ Positioned(key: bottomChildKey, left: 0.0, top: 0.0, right: 0.0, child: bottomChild), Positioned(key: topChildKey, child: topChild) ]); } // 调整 Position 位置 layoutBuilder: (topChild, topChildKey, bottomChild, bottomChildKey) { return Stack(children: <Widget>[ Positioned(key: bottomChildKey, left: 50.0, top: 50.0, right: 50.0, bottom: 50.0, child: bottomChild), Positioned(key: topChildKey, child: topChild) ]); }

[AnimatedCrossFade 源码]()
AnimatedSwitcher 切换动画
源码分析
const AnimatedSwitcher({ Key key, this.child, @required this.duration, // 切换动画时长 this.reverseDuration, // 反向切换动画时长 this.switchInCurve = Curves.linear, // 切换显示时动画曲线 this.switchOutCurve = Curves.linear, // 切换隐藏时动画曲线 this.transitionBuilder = AnimatedSwitcher.defaultTransitionBuilder, // Widget 动画构造器 this.layoutBuilder = AnimatedSwitcher.defaultLayoutBuilder, // Widget 布局构造器 })
分析源码可知,AnimatedSwitcher 更加灵活,可自由设置切换动画之间显示隐藏动画效果;当 child Widget 内容或 Key 有变更时,old child 会执行隐藏动画,new child 会执行展现动画;
案例尝试
- 和尚尝试切换两个基本的方块,但刚开始切换动画时长和反向切换动画时长没有效果,两个 Widget 只有参数更新,动画效果未执行;和尚尝试加入 Key 区分之后正常;
return GestureDetector( onTap: () => setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged), child: AnimatedSwitcher( duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500), reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500), child: isChanged ? Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4), width: 100, height: 100) : Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120)));

- 和尚在切换过程中尝试不同的显示隐藏动画效果;
switchInCurve: Curves.easeInCubic, switchOutCurve: Curves.fastLinearToSlowEaseIn, switchInCurve: Curves.easeInExpo, switchOutCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,

- transitionBuilder 为动画构造器,可以自定义动画效果;和尚尝试了两种简单的缩放动画和平移动画,暂未尝试复杂动画;且动画属性与显示隐藏的 switchInCurve / switchOutCurve 动画曲线共同展示效果;
// 缩放动画效果 return GestureDetector( onTap: () => setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged), child: AnimatedSwitcher( duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500), reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500), switchInCurve: Curves.easeInCubic, switchOutCurve: Curves.fastLinearToSlowEaseIn, child: isChanged ? Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4), width: 100, height: 100) : Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120), transitionBuilder: (Widget child, Animation<double> animation) { return ScaleTransition(scale: animation, child: child); })); // 平移动画效果 return GestureDetector( onTap: () => setState(() => isChanged = !isChanged), child: AnimatedSwitcher( duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500), reverseDuration: Duration(milliseconds: 1500), switchInCurve: Curves.easeInExpo, switchOutCurve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn, child: isChanged ? Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4), width: 100, height: 100) : Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120), transitionBuilder: (Widget child, Animation<double> animation) { return SlideTransition(child: child, position: Tween<Offset>(begin: Offset(1, 0), end: Offset(0, 0)).animate(animation)); }));

- child 中 old/new Widget 一般是以 Stack 层级存储,在动画过程中两个 Widget 均要展示,可以通过 layoutBuilder 布局构造器进行自定义;和尚尝试调整对齐方式和只展示 current Widget 动画效果;
// 调整层级对齐方式 layoutBuilder: (Widget currentChild, List<Widget> previousChildren) { return Stack(children: <Widget>[ ...previousChildren, if (currentChild != null) currentChild ], alignment: Alignment.bottomRight); } // 只展示当前 Widget 动画效果 layoutBuilder: (Widget currentChild, List<Widget> previousChildren) { return currentChild; }

- AnimatedSwitcher 可以设置多个 Widget 平滑切换,相对于 AnimatedCrossFade 可扩展性更高;和尚尝试三个 Widget 平移切换;
return GestureDetector( onTap: () => setState(() { ++index; index = index % 3; }), child: AnimatedSwitcher( duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500), child: _animatedItemWid(index), transitionBuilder: (Widget child, Animation<double> animation) { return SlideTransition(child: child, position: Tween<Offset>(begin: Offset(1, 0), end: Offset(0, 0)).animate(animation)); })); Widget _animatedItemWid(index) { switch (index) { case 0: return Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.purpleAccent.withOpacity(0.4), width: 100, height: 100); break; case 1: return Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), width: 150, height: 120); break; case 2: return Container(key: UniqueKey(), color: Colors.orange.withOpacity(0.4), width: 120, height: 140); break; } }

[AnimatedSwitcher 源码]()
Flutter 还提供了很多灵活的隐式动画 Widget,和尚认为这两类最灵活,使用场景最多;和尚对隐式动画研究还不够深入,如有错误请多多指导!
来源:阿策小和尚