C#刷遍Leetcode面试题系列连载(4):No.633 – 平方数之和

  • 2019 年 10 月 21 日
  • 笔记

上篇文章中一道数学问题 – 自除数,今天我们接着分析 LeetCode 中的另一道数学题吧~

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今天要给大家分析的面试题是 LeetCode 上第 633 号问题,

Leetcode 633 – 平方数之和

https://leetcode.com/problems/sum-of-square-numbers/

题目描述

给定一个非负整数 c ,你要判断是否存在两个整数 ab,使得 (a^2 + b^2 = c)

示例1:

输入: 5  输出: True  解释: 1 * 1 + 2 * 2 = 5

示例2:

输入: 3  输出: False

Input:

5  2  100

Expected answer:

true  true  true

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解题思路:

做一次循环,用目标和减去循环变量的平方,如果剩下的部分依然是完全平方的情形存在,就返回true;否则返回false。

假定 $i leq a leq b $,根据数据的对称性,循环变量 i 只需取到 $i^2 cdot 2 leq c $ 即可覆盖所有情形.

已AC代码:

最初版本:

public class Solution  {      public bool JudgeSquareSum(int c)      {          for (int i = 0; c - 2 * i * i >= 0; i++)          {              double diff = c - i*i;              if ((int)(Math.Ceiling(Math.Sqrt(diff))) == (int)(Math.Floor(Math.Sqrt(diff))))  // 若向上取整=向下取整,则该数开方后是整数                  return true;          }            return false;      }  }

Rank:

执行用时: 56 ms, 在所有 csharp 提交中击败了68.18%的用户.

优化1:

public class Solution  {      public bool JudgeSquareSum(int c)      {          for (int i = 0; c - 2 * i * i >= 0; i++)          {              int diff = c - i*i;              if (IsPerfectSquare(diff))                  return true;          }            return false;      }      private bool IsPerfectSquare(int num)      {          double sq1 = Math.Sqrt(num);          int sq2 = (int)Math.Sqrt(num);          if (Math.Abs(sq1 - (double)sq2) < 10e-10)              return true;          return false;      }  }

Rank:

执行用时: 52 ms, 在所有 csharp 提交中击败了90.91%的用户.

优化2(根据文末参考资料[1]中MPUCoder 的回答改写):

public class Solution  {      public bool JudgeSquareSum(int c)      {          for (int i = 0; i <= c && c - i * i >= 0; i++)          {              int diff = c - i*i;              if (IsPerfectSquare(diff))                  return true;          }            return false;      }      public bool IsPerfectSquare(int num)      {          if ((0x0213 & (1 << (num & 15))) != 0)  //TRUE only if n mod 16 is 0, 1, 4, or 9          {              int t = (int)Math.Floor(Math.Sqrt((double)num) + 0.5);              return t * t == num;          }          return false;      }  }

Rank:

执行用时: 44 ms, 在所有 csharp 提交中击败了100.00%的用户.

LeetCode-dotNET匠人

优化3(根据文末参考资料[1]中 Simon 的回答改写):

public class Solution  {      public bool JudgeSquareSum(int c)      {          for (int i = 0; c - i * i >= 0; i++)          {              long diff = c - i*i;              if (IsSquareFast(diff))                  return true;          }            return false;      }        bool IsSquareFast(long n)      {          if ((0x2030213 & (1 << (int)(n & 31))) > 0)          {              long t = (long)Math.Round(Math.Sqrt((double)n));              bool result = t * t == n;              return result;          }          return false;      }  }

Rank:

执行用时: 48 ms, 在所有 csharp 提交中击败了100.00%的用户.

另外,stackoverflow上还推荐了一种写法:

public class Solution  {      public bool JudgeSquareSum(int c)      {          for (int i = 0; c - 2 * i * i >= 0; i++)          {              double diff = c - i*i;              if (Math.Abs(Math.Sqrt(diff) % 1) < 0.000001)                  return true;          }            return false;      }  }

事实上,速度并不快~

Rank:

执行用时: 68 ms, 在所有 csharp 提交中击败了27.27%的用户.

相应代码已经上传到github:

https://github.com/yanglr/Leetcode-CSharp/tree/master/leetcode633

参考资料:

[1] Fast way to test whether a number is a square
https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2008/11/17/fast-way-to-test-whether-a-number-is-a-square/

[2] Shortest way to check perfect Square? – C#
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4885925/shortest-way-to-check-perfect-square/4886006#4886006