我的Spring Boot学习记录(二):Tomcat Server以及Spring MVC的问题

  • 2019 年 10 月 15 日
  • 笔记

Spring Boot版本: 2.0.0.RELEASE
这里需要引入依赖 spring-boot-starter-web
这里有可能有个人的误解,请抱着怀疑态度看。
建议: 感觉自己也会被绕晕,所以有兴趣的使用IDE工具看下源码

1、Tomcat在什么时候被初始化了?

ServletWebServerApplicationContext中有段代码,如下:

org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext        @Override      protected void onRefresh() {          super.onRefresh();          try {              createWebServer();          }          catch (Throwable ex) {              throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);          }      }        /**       * 创建Web服务容器,如:Tomcat,Jetty等;具体创建的容器根据#getWebServerFactory得到       * 而WebServerFactory在BeanFactory获取,也就是在加载Bean时确定的,       * 这里通过Spring Boot自动配置了Tomcat,如果想要深入可以追着#getWebServerFactory看       * 下面有对应的不太详细的解释       */      private void createWebServer() {          WebServer webServer = this.webServer;          ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();          if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {              ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();              this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());          }          // .....      }
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat#tomcatServletWebServerFactory      /**       * 这里就通过自动加载Bean时加载了关于Tomcat的WebServerFactory       *  至于为什么加载Tomcat而不是Jetty,就要多谢Bean加载时@ConditionalOnClass注解       * 因为我们引入依赖spring-boot-starter-web 其次,它又引入了 spring-boot-starter-tomcat依赖       * 因为存在{ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class }这些class,所以加载Tomcat       */      @Configuration      @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class })      @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)      public static class EmbeddedTomcat {            @Bean          public TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory() {              return new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();          }        }      // .......

上述中说明了Tomcat的创建,而什么时候调用onRefresh并创建Tomcat呢?

其实onRefreshorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext一个未具体实现方法,交给子类实现,它在调用refresh()方法中调用。
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication#run(java.lang.String...)调用了refreshContext,又间接调用上述refresh()方法

onRefresh调用后在refresh()中还调用了finishRefresh(),而重写了其方法finishRefreshServletWebServerApplicationContext就启动了Web服务,代码如下:

org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext#finishRefresh      @Override      protected void finishRefresh() {          super.finishRefresh();          WebServer webServer = startWebServer();          if (webServer != null) {              publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(webServer, this));          }      }        private WebServer startWebServer() {          WebServer webServer = this.webServer;          if (webServer != null) {              // 这里如何启动具体可看org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer              // 这里之所以我们启动了Spring Boot后程序还在运行是因为Tomcat启动线程在后台运行              webServer.start();          }          return webServer;      }
org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer        public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {          Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");          this.tomcat = tomcat;          this.autoStart = autoStart;          initialize();      }        private void initialize() throws WebServerException {          //.....          // Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a          // blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown          // 大概意思是创建一个非守护线程来运行吧          startDaemonAwaitThread();          //....      }        private void startDaemonAwaitThread() {          Thread awaitThread = new Thread("container-" + (containerCounter.get())) {                @Override              public void run() {                  TomcatWebServer.this.tomcat.getServer().await();              }            };          awaitThread.setContextClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());          awaitThread.setDaemon(false);          awaitThread.start();      }

上面就大概说了Tomcat怎么在Spring Boot启动后加载创建的

2、Spring MVC在这里怎么工作的?

平时使用SSM开发时,使用Spring MVC 我们知道需要配置DispatcherServlet,而这里的是通过自动配置的,还对DispatcherServlet通过ServletRegistrationBean类进行封装,这里自动装配的代码在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中可见,代码如下:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.DispatcherServletConfiguration      @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)      public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet() {          DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();          dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(                  this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());          dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(                  this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());          dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(                  this.webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());          return dispatcherServlet;      }      org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration      /**       * 这里通过构造器获取已经注册的 DispatcherServlet Bean       * 然后封装在ServletRegistrationBean       */      @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)      @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)      public ServletRegistrationBean<DispatcherServlet> dispatcherServletRegistration(              DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {          ServletRegistrationBean<DispatcherServlet> registration = new ServletRegistrationBean<>(                  dispatcherServlet,                  this.serverProperties.getServlet().getServletMapping());          registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);          registration.setLoadOnStartup(                  this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());          if (this.multipartConfig != null) {              registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);          }          return registration;      }

封装了Servlet的ServletRegistrationBean各个Bean又会被ServletContextInitializerBeans进行管理。

在上述第一点中Tomcat创建加载中有个方法没有详述,就是ServletWebServerApplicationContext中的createWebServer方法,里面调用了一个getSelfInitializer方法,使用返回值作为参数,代码如下:

org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext      private void createWebServer() {          //...          this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());          //...      }        /**       * Returns the {@link ServletContextInitializer} that will be used to complete the       * setup of this {@link WebApplicationContext}.       * @return the self initializer       * @see #prepareWebApplicationContext(ServletContext)       */      private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {          // 又封装成了ServletContextInitializer          return this::selfInitialize;      }        private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {          //....          //getServletContextInitializerBeans这里就能获取到封装了Servlet或Filter等的ServletContextInitializer          for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {              // 这里通过回调Servlet或Filter能够获取到servletContext,并且将自己(Servlet或Filter)注册到servletContext,这里可能要去了解下Tomcat了              beans.onStartup(servletContext);          }      }        /**       * Returns {@link ServletContextInitializer}s that should be used with the embedded       * web server. By default this method will first attempt to find       * {@link ServletContextInitializer}, {@link Servlet}, {@link Filter} and certain       * {@link EventListener} beans.       * @return the servlet initializer beans       */      protected Collection<ServletContextInitializer> getServletContextInitializerBeans() {          // 这里在new ServletContextInitializerBeans 时会将BeanFactory给它          // 它在构造器中将封装了Servlet或Filter等的ServletContextInitializer子类获取          // 并放入一个成员变量sortedList中          return new ServletContextInitializerBeans(getBeanFactory());      }

到此,大概就知道了Spring MVC中DispatcherServlet是怎么进入Tomcat的了,如果还想细究DispatcherServlet是怎么被一步步置入Tomcat容器中的,可以看下org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory#getWebServer中的代码,这里不展开了。

3、随便唠嗑

入职后好久没运动,被同事拉去打羽毛球,结果,气喘不上来,脑晕,感觉不好,第一天全身酸痛,第二天更痛。我认为,入职后第一条建议就是找时间运动。

这篇其实接着第一篇文章我的Spring Boot学习记录(一):自动配置的大致调用过程 就想要写的了,拖了好久。期间问自己,为什么干这种无趣的东西。不论如何,还是抽了时间写了,就这样吧。

这里有可能有个人的误解,请抱着怀疑态度看。
建议: 感觉自己也会被绕晕,所以有兴趣的使用IDE工具看下源码