Spring Boot(十三):整合Redis哨兵,集群模式实践

  • 2020 年 3 月 26 日
  • 筆記

前面的两篇文章(Redis的持久化方案一文掌握Redis的三种集群方案)分别介绍了Redis的持久化与集群方案 —— 包括主从复制模式、哨兵模式、Cluster模式,其中主从复制模式由于不能自动做故障转移,当节点出现故障时需要人为干预,不满足生产环境的高可用需求,所以在生产环境一般使用哨兵模式或Cluster模式。那么在Spring Boot项目中,如何访问这两种模式的Redis集群,可能遇到哪些问题,是本文即将介绍的内容。

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis

spring boot中整合Redis非常简单,在pom.xml中添加依赖

<dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>  </dependency>  

spring boot 2的spring-boot-starter-data-redis中,默认使用的是lettuce作为redis客户端,它与jedis的主要区别如下:

  1. Jedis是同步的,不支持异步,Jedis客户端实例不是线程安全的,需要每个线程一个Jedis实例,所以一般通过连接池来使用Jedis
  2. Lettuce是基于Netty框架的事件驱动的Redis客户端,其方法调用是异步的,Lettuce的API也是线程安全的,所以多个线程可以操作单个Lettuce连接来完成各种操作,同时Lettuce也支持连接池

如果不使用默认的lettuce,使用jedis的话,可以排除lettuce的依赖,手动加入jedis依赖,配置如下

<dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>      <exclusions>          <exclusion>              <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>              <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>          </exclusion>      </exclusions>  </dependency>  <dependency>      <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>      <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>      <version>2.9.0</version>  </dependency>  

在配置文件application.yml中添加配置(针对单实例)

spring:    redis:      host: 192.168.40.201      port: 6379      password: passw0rd      database: 0 # 数据库索引,默认0      timeout: 5000  # 连接超时,单位ms      jedis:  # 或lettuce, 连接池配置,springboot2.0中使用jedis或者lettuce配置连接池,默认为lettuce连接池        pool:          max-active: 8 # 连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制)          max-wait: -1 # 连接池分配连接最大阻塞等待时间(阻塞时间到,抛出异常。使用负值表示无限期阻塞)          max-idle: 8 # 连接池中的最大空闲连接数          min-idle: 0 # 连接池中的最小空闲连接数  

然后添加配置类。其中@EnableCaching注解是为了使@Cacheable、@CacheEvict、@CachePut、@Caching注解生效

@Configuration  @EnableCaching  public class RedisConfig {        @Bean      public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {          RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();          template.setConnectionFactory(factory);            // 使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerialize 替换默认的jdkSerializeable序列化          Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);          ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();          om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);          om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);          jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);            StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();            // key采用String的序列化方式          template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);          // hash的key也采用String的序列化方式          template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);          // value序列化方式采用jackson          template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);          // hash的value序列化方式采用jackson          template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);          template.afterPropertiesSet();          return template;      }  }  

上述配置类注入了自定义的RedisTemplate<String, Object>, 替换RedisAutoConfiguration中自动配置的RedisTemplate<Object, Object>类(RedisAutoConfiguration另外还自动配置了StringRedisTemplate)。

此时,我们可以通过定义一个基于RedisTemplate的工具类,或通过在Service层添加@Cacheable、@CacheEvict、@CachePut、@Caching注解来使用缓存。比如定义一个RedisService类,封装常用的Redis操作方法,

@Component  @Slf4j  public class RedisService {        @Autowired      private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;        /**       * 指定缓存失效时间       *       * @param key 键       * @param time 时间(秒)       * @return       */      public boolean expire(String key, long time) {          try {              if (time > 0) {                  redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);              }              return true;          } catch (Exception e) {              log.error("exception when expire key {}. ", key, e);              return false;          }      }        /**       * 根据key获取过期时间       *       * @param key 键 不能为null       * @return 时间(秒) 返回0代表为永久有效       */      public long getExpire(String key) {          return redisTemplate.getExpire(key, TimeUnit.SECONDS);      }        /**       * 判断key是否存在       *       * @param key  键       * @return true 存在 false不存在       */      public boolean hasKey(String key) {          try {              return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);          } catch (Exception e) {              log.error("exception when check key {}. ", key, e);              return false;          }      }       ...  }  

出于篇幅,完整代码请查阅本文示例源码: https://github.com/ronwxy/springboot-demos/tree/master/springboot-redis-sentinel

或在Service层使用注解,如

@Service  @CacheConfig(cacheNames = "users")  public class UserService {        private static Map<String, User> userMap = new HashMap<>();        @CachePut(key = "#user.username")      public User addUser(User user){          user.setUid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());          System.out.println("add user: " + user);          userMap.put(user.getUsername(), user);          return user;      }        @Caching(put = {              @CachePut( key = "#user.username"),              @CachePut( key = "#user.uid")      })      public User addUser2(User user) {          user.setUid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());          System.out.println("add user2: " + user);          userMap.put(user.getUsername(), user);          return user;      }      ...  }  

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis哨兵模式

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis哨兵模式除了配置稍有差异,其它与整合单实例模式类似,配置示例为

spring:    redis:      password: passw0rd      timeout: 5000      sentinel:        master: mymaster        nodes: 192.168.40.201:26379,192.168.40.201:36379,192.168.40.201:46379 # 哨兵的IP:Port列表      jedis: # 或lettuce        pool:          max-active: 8          max-wait: -1          max-idle: 8          min-idle: 0  

完整示例可查阅源码: https://github.com/ronwxy/springboot-demos/tree/master/springboot-redis-sentinel

上述配置只指定了哨兵节点的地址与master的名称,但Redis客户端最终访问操作的是master节点,那么Redis客户端是如何获取master节点的地址,并在发生故障转移时,如何自动切换master地址的呢?我们以Jedis连接池为例,通过源码来揭开其内部实现的神秘面纱。

在 JedisSentinelPool 类的构造函数中,对连接池做了初始化,如下

 public JedisSentinelPool(String masterName, Set<String> sentinels,        final GenericObjectPoolConfig poolConfig, final int connectionTimeout, final int soTimeout,        final String password, final int database, final String clientName) {      this.poolConfig = poolConfig;      this.connectionTimeout = connectionTimeout;      this.soTimeout = soTimeout;      this.password = password;      this.database = database;      this.clientName = clientName;        HostAndPort master = initSentinels(sentinels, masterName);      initPool(master);   }    private HostAndPort initSentinels(Set<String> sentinels, final String masterName) {        for (String sentinel : sentinels) {        final HostAndPort hap = HostAndPort.parseString(sentinel);          log.fine("Connecting to Sentinel " + hap);          Jedis jedis = null;        try {          jedis = new Jedis(hap.getHost(), hap.getPort());            List<String> masterAddr = jedis.sentinelGetMasterAddrByName(masterName);            // connected to sentinel...          sentinelAvailable = true;            if (masterAddr == null || masterAddr.size() != 2) {            log.warning("Can not get master addr, master name: " + masterName + ". Sentinel: " + hap                + ".");            continue;          }            master = toHostAndPort(masterAddr);          log.fine("Found Redis master at " + master);          break;        } catch (JedisException e) {          // resolves #1036, it should handle JedisException there's another chance          // of raising JedisDataException          log.warning("Cannot get master address from sentinel running @ " + hap + ". Reason: " + e              + ". Trying next one.");        } finally {          if (jedis != null) {            jedis.close();          }        }      }      //省略了非关键代码        for (String sentinel : sentinels) {        final HostAndPort hap = HostAndPort.parseString(sentinel);        MasterListener masterListener = new MasterListener(masterName, hap.getHost(), hap.getPort());        // whether MasterListener threads are alive or not, process can be stopped        masterListener.setDaemon(true);        masterListeners.add(masterListener);        masterListener.start();      }        return master;    }    

initSentinels 方法中主要干了两件事:

  1. 遍历哨兵节点,通过get-master-addr-by-name命令获取master节点的地址信息,找到了就退出循环。get-master-addr-by-name命令执行结果如下所示
[root@dev-server-1 master-slave]# redis-cli -p 26379  127.0.0.1:26379> sentinel get-master-addr-by-name mymaster  1) "192.168.40.201"  2) "7001"  127.0.0.1:26379>  
  1. 对每一个哨兵节点通过一个 MasterListener 进行监听(Redis的发布订阅功能),订阅哨兵节点+switch-master频道,当发生故障转移时,客户端能收到哨兵的通知,通过重新初始化连接池,完成主节点的切换。
    MasterListener.run方法中监听哨兵部分代码如下
 j.subscribe(new JedisPubSub() {              @Override              public void onMessage(String channel, String message) {                log.fine("Sentinel " + host + ":" + port + " published: " + message + ".");                  String[] switchMasterMsg = message.split(" ");                  if (switchMasterMsg.length > 3) {                    if (masterName.equals(switchMasterMsg[0])) {                    initPool(toHostAndPort(Arrays.asList(switchMasterMsg[3], switchMasterMsg[4])));                  } else {                    log.fine("Ignoring message on +switch-master for master name "                        + switchMasterMsg[0] + ", our master name is " + masterName);                  }                  } else {                  log.severe("Invalid message received on Sentinel " + host + ":" + port                      + " on channel +switch-master: " + message);                }              }            }, "+switch-master");  

initPool 方法如下:如果发现新的master节点与当前的master不同,则重新初始化。

private void initPool(HostAndPort master) {      if (!master.equals(currentHostMaster)) {        currentHostMaster = master;        if (factory == null) {          factory = new JedisFactory(master.getHost(), master.getPort(), connectionTimeout,              soTimeout, password, database, clientName, false, null, null, null);          initPool(poolConfig, factory);        } else {          factory.setHostAndPort(currentHostMaster);          // although we clear the pool, we still have to check the          // returned object          // in getResource, this call only clears idle instances, not          // borrowed instances          internalPool.clear();        }          log.info("Created JedisPool to master at " + master);      }    }  

通过以上两步,Jedis客户端在只知道哨兵地址的情况下便能获得master节点的地址信息,并且当发生故障转移时能自动切换到新的master节点地址。

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis Cluster模式

Spring Boot 2 整合Redis Cluster模式除了配置稍有差异,其它与整合单实例模式也类似,配置示例为

spring:    redis:      password: passw0rd      timeout: 5000      database: 0      cluster:        nodes: 192.168.40.201:7100,192.168.40.201:7200,192.168.40.201:7300,192.168.40.201:7400,192.168.40.201:7500,192.168.40.201:7600        max-redirects: 3  # 重定向的最大次数      jedis:        pool:          max-active: 8          max-wait: -1          max-idle: 8          min-idle: 0  

完整示例可查阅源码: https://github.com/ronwxy/springboot-demos/tree/master/springboot-redis-cluster

一文掌握Redis的三种集群方案 中已经介绍了Cluster模式访问的基本原理,可以通过任意节点跳转到目标节点执行命令,上面配置中 max-redirects 控制在集群中跳转的最大次数。

查看JedisClusterConnection的execute方法,

public Object execute(String command, byte[]... args) {        Assert.notNull(command, "Command must not be null!");      Assert.notNull(args, "Args must not be null!");        return clusterCommandExecutor              .executeCommandOnArbitraryNode((JedisClusterCommandCallback<Object>) client -> JedisClientUtils.execute(command,                      EMPTY_2D_BYTE_ARRAY, args, () -> client))              .getValue();  }  

集群命令的执行是通过ClusterCommandExecutor.executeCommandOnArbitraryNode来实现的,

public <T> NodeResult<T> executeCommandOnArbitraryNode(ClusterCommandCallback<?, T> cmd) {        Assert.notNull(cmd, "ClusterCommandCallback must not be null!");      List<RedisClusterNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>(getClusterTopology().getActiveNodes());      return executeCommandOnSingleNode(cmd, nodes.get(new Random().nextInt(nodes.size())));  }    private <S, T> NodeResult<T> executeCommandOnSingleNode(ClusterCommandCallback<S, T> cmd, RedisClusterNode node,          int redirectCount) {        Assert.notNull(cmd, "ClusterCommandCallback must not be null!");      Assert.notNull(node, "RedisClusterNode must not be null!");        if (redirectCount > maxRedirects) {          throw new TooManyClusterRedirectionsException(String.format(                  "Cannot follow Cluster Redirects over more than %s legs. Please consider increasing the number of redirects to follow. Current value is: %s.",                  redirectCount, maxRedirects));      }        RedisClusterNode nodeToUse = lookupNode(node);        S client = this.resourceProvider.getResourceForSpecificNode(nodeToUse);      Assert.notNull(client, "Could not acquire resource for node. Is your cluster info up to date?");        try {          return new NodeResult<>(node, cmd.doInCluster(client));      } catch (RuntimeException ex) {            RuntimeException translatedException = convertToDataAccessException(ex);          if (translatedException instanceof ClusterRedirectException) {              ClusterRedirectException cre = (ClusterRedirectException) translatedException;              return executeCommandOnSingleNode(cmd,                      topologyProvider.getTopology().lookup(cre.getTargetHost(), cre.getTargetPort()), redirectCount + 1);          } else {              throw translatedException != null ? translatedException : ex;          }      } finally {          this.resourceProvider.returnResourceForSpecificNode(nodeToUse, client);      }  }  

上述代码逻辑如下

  1. 从集群节点列表中随机选择一个节点
  2. 从该节点获取一个客户端连接(如果配置了连接池,从连接池中获取),执行命令
  3. 如果抛出ClusterRedirectException异常,则跳转到返回的目标节点上执行
  4. 如果跳转次数大于配置的值 max-redirects, 则抛出TooManyClusterRedirectionsException异常

可能遇到的问题

  1. Redis连接超时

检查服务是否正常启动(比如 ps -ef|grep redis查看进程,netstat -ano|grep 6379查看端口是否起来,以及日志文件),如果正常启动,则查看Redis服务器是否开启防火墙,关闭防火墙或配置通行端口。

  1. Cluster模式下,报连接到127.0.0.1被拒绝错误,如 Connection refused: no further information: /127.0.0.1:7600

这是因为在redis.conf中配置 bind 0.0.0.0bind 127.0.0.1导致,需要改为具体在外部可访问的IP,如 bind 192.168.40.201。如果之前已经起了集群,并产生了数据,则修改redis.conf文件后,还需要修改cluster-config-file文件,将127.0.0.1替换为bind 的具体IP,然后重启。

  1. master挂了,slave升级成为master,重启master,不能正常同步新的master数据

如果设置了密码,需要在master, slave的配置文件中都配置masterauth password

相关阅读:

  1. Redis的持久化方案
  2. 一文掌握Redis的三种集群方案

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