Python3简易接口自动化测试框架设计与实现(中)

  • 2019 年 12 月 12 日
  • 筆記

来源:http://www.51testing.com

目录

  7、Excel数据读取

  7.1、读取配置文件

  7.1、编写Excel操作类

  8、用例组装

  9、用例运行结果校验

  10、运行用例

  11 、小结

7、Excel数据读取

  用例是放在Excel中的,用xlrd来读取数据,写数据需要用到xluntils,先安装:

pip install xlrd  pip install xluntils

 7.1、读取配置文件

  读取Excel数据,我们需要知道对应的行和列,列相对固定,在配置文件settings中定义,然后读取,行作为参数传入。conf/settings文件中的定义如下:

[excel]  case_no=0  case_name=1  is_run=2  case_level=3  case_header=4  case_cookies=5  req_type=6  case_url=7  case_body=8  expect_result=9  operator=10  actual_result=11  test_result=12

  在unitls/load_conf.py中编写读取配置的方法,获取各项列值的方法。lood_conf()函数需要传入两个参数:配置项字符串标识符,配置项类型。比如要读取excel下整数case_url:lood_conf("excel.case_url","int")。class excel_config()下定义返回各项列值的方法。

  完整代码如下:

import configparser  '''  read conf from setting.conf  @:parameter:identstr,value_type  value_type:"int" or "str"  '''  def lood_conf(identstr,value_type):  cf = configparser.ConfigParser()  cf.read("../config/settings.conf")  idenlist = identstr.split('.')  if value_type == "int":  try:  value = cf.getint(idenlist[0],idenlist[1])  return value  except (configparser.NoSectionError ,configparser.NoOptionError) as e:  print(e)  if value_type == "str":  try:  value = cf.get(idenlist[0],idenlist[1])  return value  except (configparser.NoSectionError ,configparser.NoOptionError) as e:  print(e)  '''  获取url,request body等的列号  '''  class excel_config():  #获取用例编号的列  def caseno_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.case_no","int")  def casename_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.case_name","int")  def isrun_col(self):  #print(lood_conf("excel.is_run","int"))  return lood_conf("excel.is_run","int")  def level_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.case_level","int")  def header_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.case_header","int")  def cookies_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.case_cookies","int")  def reqtype_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.req_type","int")  def caseurl_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.case_url","int")  def casebody_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.case_body","int")  def expectresult_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.expect_result","int")  def actualresult_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.actual_result","int")  def testresult_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.test_result","int")  def test_operator_col(self):  return lood_conf("excel.operator","int")

 7.1、编写Excel操作类

  unitls/excel_tool.py中定义了获取用例编号,用例名称等方法,需要传入行。回写测试结果,回写实际结果方法需要传入两个参数:行,值。完整代码如下:

#coding:utf-8  import xlrd  from untils.log_trace import *  from xlutils.copy import copy  from untils.load_conf import excel_config  class excel_tool():  def __init__(self,excel_name):  self.curr_excel = xlrd.open_workbook(excel_name)  self.table = self.curr_excel.sheet_by_index(0)  #print(self.table.cell(1,1).value)  #实例化excel_config  self.config = excel_config()  self.rows = self.table.nrows  self.excel_name = excel_name  #获取用例编号  def get_caseno(self,row):  caseno = self.table.cell(row,self.config.caseno_col()).value  if caseno:  return caseno  else:  logging.info("case no is null")  return None  #获取用例名称  def get_casename(self,row):  casename = self.table.cell(row,self.config.casename_col()).value  return casename  #获取是否运行标志  def get_runflag(self,row):  run_flag = self.table.cell(row,self.config.isrun_col()).value  return run_flag  #获取用例级别  def get_caselevel(self,row):  caselevel = self.table.cell(row,self.config.level_col()).value  return caselevel  #获取请求url  def get_caseurl(self,row):  caseurl = self.table.cell(row,self.config.caseurl_col()).value  return caseurl  #获取请求body  def get_casebody(self,row):  case_body = self.table.cell(row,self.config.casebody_col()).value  return case_body  #获取header  def get_headerflag(self,row):  headerflag = self.table.cell(row,self.config.header_col()).value  return headerflag  #获取coocikes  def get_cookiesflag(self,row):  cookiesflag = self.table.cell(row,self.config.cookies_col()).value  return cookiesflag  #获取请求类型  def get_methodtype(self,row):  method_type = self.table.cell(row,self.config.reqtype_col()).value  return method_type  #获取预期结果  def get_expectres(self,row):  expect_res = self.table.cell(row,self.config.expectresult_col()).value  return expect_res  #获取测试结果  def get_testres(self,row):  test_res= self.table.cell(row,self.config.testresult_col()).value  return test_res  #获取操作符  def get_operator(self,row):  operator = self.table.cell(row,self.config.test_operator_col()).value  return operator  #回写测试结果到excel  def write_testres(self,row,value):  wbook = copy(xlrd.open_workbook(self.excel_name))  sheet = wbook.get_sheet(0)  sheet.write(row, self.config.testresult_col(), value)  wbook.save(self.excel_name)  #回写实际结果  def write_actualres(self,row,value):  wbook = copy(xlrd.open_workbook(self.excel_name))  sheet = wbook.get_sheet(0)  sheet.write(row, self.config.actualresult_col(), value)  wbook.save(self.excel_name)

8、用例组装

  有了Excel操作类,就可以方便读取数据和回填结果了。接下来,在unitls/run_main.py中来组装用例。组装之前,先获取是否运行的标志:

  运行标志为N,不组装,将用例标记为skiiped,回填测试结果到Excel文件中。

  运行标志为Y,开始组装用例并执行,并对比预期结果和实际结果。

  用例执行通过,将用例标记为pass,回填测试结果和实际结果,实际结果为接口的返回。

  用例执行失败,将用例标记为failed,回填测试结果和实际结果。

  接口鉴权需要用到的headers,先在run_main.py 中写死,这个问题后面解决,在上面的过程中,增加必要的日志,方便定位问题和查看用例的运行日志。完整代码如下:

#coding:utf-8  from untils.excel_tool import excel_tool  from untils.send_request import send_request  from untils.log_trace import *  from untils.check_result import CheckResult  import json  headers = {  "X-Token":"0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e"  }  class runner():  def __init__(self):  self.excel = excel_tool("../testcase/test.xls")  self.check = CheckResult()  def join_case(self):  global skip_list,sucess_list,failed_list,skip_list  sucess_list = []  sucess_list = []  failed_list = []  skip_list = []  for row in range(1,self.excel.rows):  no = self.excel.get_caseno(row)  url = self.excel.get_caseurl(row)  isrun = self.excel.get_runflag(row)  name = self.excel.get_casename(row)  level = self.excel.get_caselevel(row)  data = self.excel.get_casebody(row)  expect_res = self.excel.get_expectres(row)  method = self.excel.get_methodtype(row)  hasheader = self.excel.get_headerflag(row)  operator = self.excel.get_operator(row)  if isrun == "Y":  logging.info("Begin to run test case : %s,case number :%s" %(name,no))  logging.info("Request method type is :%s" %method)  logging.info("Request URL:%s" %url)  logging.info("Request Body:%s" %json.dumps(json.loads(data),sort_keys=True,indent=2))  res = send_request(method,url,data=data,headers=headers)  is_sucess = self.check.cmpdict(eval(expect_res),eval(res.text),operator)  print(is_sucess)  if is_sucess:  sucess_list.append(name)  #回写测试结果  self.excel.write_testres(row,"pass")  #回写实际结果  self.excel.write_actualres(row,res.text)  logging.info("Test case %s run sucess." %name)  else:  failed_list.append(name)  print("fail",is_sucess)  #回写测试结果  self.excel.write_testres(row,"failed")  #回写实际结果  self.excel.write_actualres(row,res.text)  logging.error("Test case %s run fail." %name)  logging.info("Response is:%s" %json.dumps(res.json(),sort_keys=True,indent=2))  else:  skip_list.append(name)  self.excel.write_testres(row,"skipped")  def sum(self):  total = len(sucess_list)+len(failed_list) + len(skip_list)  failed = len(failed_list)  sucess = len(sucess_list)  logging.info("———————————————————–")  logging.info("本次一共运行:%s 个用例" %total)  logging.info("本次运行通过:%s 个用例" %sucess)  logging.info("本次运行跳过:%s 个用例" %len(skip_list))  logging.info("跳过的用例:%s" %skip_list)  logging.info("———————————————————–")

 9、用例运行结果校验

  在untils/run_main.py中方法cmpdict()是用来校验预期和结果实际结果是否匹配,需要传入三个参数:预期结果字典,实际结果字典,操作符。在check_result.py中编写校验用例结果的方法。目前只支持两种操作符,equal和notequal,预期结果为字典,其中不能嵌套字典。和完整代码如下:

from untils.log_trace import *  class CheckResult():  def dict_value(self,key,actual):  try:  if key in actual:  return actual[key]  else:  for keys in actual:  return self.dict_value(key,actual[keys])  except Exception as e:  logging.error(e)  return None  def cmpdict(self,expect,actual,equal):  logging.info("Begin to check result of testcase.")  is_dict = isinstance(expect,dict) and isinstance(actual,dict)  if is_dict:  if equal == "equal":  for key in expect.keys():  if expect[key] == self.dict_value(key,actual):  logging.info("%s is equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual)))  return True  else:  logging.error("%s is not equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual)))  return False  if equal == "notequal":  for key in expect.keys():  if key != self.dict_value(key,actual):  logging.info("%s is not equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual)))  return True  else:  logging.error("%s is equal to %s" %(expect[key],self.dict_value(key,actual)))  return False  else:  logging.error("Operator :%s is not support now,you can define it in file[check_result.py]" %equal)  else:  logging.error("Expect or actual result is not dict,check it in excel. ")

  10、运行用例

  新建一个名称为test.xls的Excel,将其放到testcase路径下,并在Excel中编写测试用例。接口开发请参考:使用Django开发简单接口:文章增删改查,我准备的用例如下:

  在untils/untils_test.py中导入run_mian模块来测试一下:

from untils.run_main import runner  if __name__ == "__main__":  #test_send_request()  runner = runner()  runner.join_case()  runner.sum()

  运行untils_test.py,然后去到Excel中查看运行结果:

  report路径下查看测试用例运行日志,如下所示:

Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 ERROR check_result.py [line:38] Operator :e1qual is not support now,you can define it in file[check_result.py]  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 查询文章,case number :1.0  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :GET  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{}  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'}  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:22] BS.200 is equal to BS.200  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:52] Test case 查询文章 run sucess.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{  "all_titles": {  "Hello": "alive",  "amy1": "alive",  "modifytest": "alive",  "useasge of ddt": "alive"  },  "msg": "query articles sucess.",  "status": "BS.200"  }  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 新增文章,case number :2.0  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :POST  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles/  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{  "content": "useasge of ddt",  "title": "useasge of ddt"  }  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'}  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 ERROR check_result.py [line:25] BS.200 is not equal to BS.400  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 ERROR run_main.py [line:60] Test case 新增文章 run fail.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{  "msg": "title aleady exist,fail to publish.",  "status": "BS.400"  }  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 修改文章,case number :3.0  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :POST  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles/7  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{  "content": "modify test",  "title": "modify test"  }  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:56 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'}  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR check_result.py [line:25] BS.200 is not equal to BS.300  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR run_main.py [line:60] Test case 修改文章 run fail.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{  "msg": "article is not exists,fail to modify.",  "status": "BS.300"  }  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:37] Begin to run test case : 删除文章,case number :4.0  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:38] Request method type is :DELETE  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:39] Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles/7  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:40] Request Body:{}  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO send_request.py [line:25] {'X-Token': '0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e'}  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO check_result.py [line:16] Begin to check result of testcase.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR check_result.py [line:25] BS.200 is not equal to BS.300  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 ERROR run_main.py [line:60] Test case 删除文章 run fail.  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:62] Response is:{  "msg": "article is not exists,fail to delete.",  "status": "BS.300"  }  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:74] ———————————————————–  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:75] 本次一共运行:5 个用例  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:76] 本次运行通过:1 个用例  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:77] 本次运行跳过:1 个用例  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:78] 跳过的用例:['新增文章缺少title']  Sat, 11 May 2019 19:37:57 INFO run_main.py [line:79] ———————————————————–

  11 、小结

  框架终于能跑起来了,但是遗留的问题还很多。

  很多地方的代码不够健壮,这个后面慢慢优化。还有用例校验支持的运算符比较少。

  发送邮件模块待完成。

  Headers的问题如何解决?

  如果请求的body比较多,写在Excel是不是很不美观呀?这个可以从固定地方读取文件来完成。

  Excel中测试用例有没有必填项呀?这个可以在运行结果之前进行校验,必填项缺少,不运行。

  最关键的一点,如果第二个用例依赖于第一个用例的返回,用例依赖一直是个痛点,下一篇解决。

  还有很多问题比如,重试机制,耗时的用例设置超时时间,超时默认为失败等等…….

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