Android UI绘制流程及原理

  • 2019 年 10 月 3 日
  • 筆記

一、绘制流程源码路径

1、Activity加载ViewRootImpl

ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()  --> WindowManagerImpl.addView(decorView, layoutParams)  --> WindowManagerGlobal.addView()

2、ViewRootImpl启动View树的遍历

ViewRootImpl.setView(decorView, layoutParams, parentView)  -->ViewRootImpl.requestLayout()  -->scheduleTraversals()  -->TraversalRunnable.run()  -->doTraversal()  -->performTraversals()(performMeasure、performLayout、performDraw)

二、View绘制流程

1、measure

(1)MeasureSpec是什么?

重写过onMeasure()方法都知道,测量需要用到MeasureSpec类获取View的测量模式和大小,那么这个类是怎样存储这两个信息呢?

留心观察的话会发现,onMeasure方法的两个参数实际是32位int类型数据,即:

00 000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

而其结构为 mode + size ,前2位为mode,而后30位为size。

==> getMode()方法(measureSpec –> mode):
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;  // 0x3转换为二进制即为:11  // 左移30位后:11000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;    public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {      // 与MODE_MASK按位与运算后,即将低30位清零,结果为mode左移30位后的值      return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);  }

getSize()方法同理。

==> makeMeasureSpec()方法(mode + size –> measureSpec):
public static int makeMeasureSpec(      @IntRange(from = 0,          to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,      @MeasureSpecMode int mode) {      if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {          return size + mode;      } else {          return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);      }  }

这里解释一下,按位或左侧为size的高2位清零后的结果,右侧为mode的低30位清零后的结果,两者按位或运算的结果正好为高2位mode、低30位size,例:

01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 |  00001000 00001011 11110101 10101101 =  01001000 00001011 11110101 10101101

二进制计算规则可参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/joahyau/p/6420619.html

==> 测量模式:
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;  public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;  public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

UNSPECIFIED:父容器不对View作任何限制,系统内部使用。

EXACTLY:精确模式,父容器检测出View大小,即为SpecSize;对应LayoutParams中的match_parent和指定大小的情况。

AT_MOST:最大模式,父容器指定可用大小,View的大小不能超出这个值;对应wrap_content。

(2)ViewGroup的测量流程

回到ViewRootImpl的performMeasure方法,这里传入的参数为顶层DecorView的测量规格,其测量方式为:

private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {      int measureSpec;      switch (rootDimension) {        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:          measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);          break;      case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:          measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);          break;      default:          measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);          break;      }      return measureSpec;  }

match_parent和具体数值大小为EXACTLY模式,wrap_content则为AT_MOST模式。

往下走,performMeasure方法中调用了DecorView的onMeasure方法,而DecorView继承自FrameLayout,可以看到FL的onMeasure方法中调用了measureChildWithMargins方法,并传入自身的测量规格:

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,          int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,          int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {      final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,              mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin                      + widthUsed, lp.width);      final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,              mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin                      + heightUsed, lp.height);        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);  }

即测量子控件的大小,测量规则详情可看getChildMeasureSpec方法,总结如下:

childLayoutParamsparentSpecMode EXACTLY AT_MOST UNSPECIFIED
dp EXACTLY/childSize EXACTLY/childSize EXCATLY/childSize
match_parent EXACTLY/parentSize AT_MOST/parentSize UNSPECIFIED/0
wrap_content AT_MOST/parentSize AT_MOST/parentSize UNSPECIFIED/0

回到onMeasure方法,测完子控件之后,ViewGroup会经过一些计算,得出自身大小:

// 加上padding  maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();  maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();    // 检查是否小于最小宽度、最小高度  maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());  maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());    // 检查Drawable的最小高度和宽度  final Drawable drawable = getForeground();  if (drawable != null) {      maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());      maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());  }    setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),          resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,                  childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

综上,ViewGroup的测量需要先测量子View的大小,而后结合padding等属性计算得出自身大小。

(3)View的测量流程
View.performMeasure()  -->onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)  -->setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)  -->setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)

可以看到setMeasuredDimensionRaw()方法:

private void setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {      // 存储测量结果      mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;      mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;        // 设置测量完成的标志位      mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;  }

View不需要考虑子View的大小,根据内容测量得出自身大小即可。

另外,View中的onMeasure方法中调用到getDefaultSize方法:

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {      setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),              getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));  }    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {      int result = size;      int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);      int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);        switch (specMode) {      case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:          result = size;          break;      case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:      case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:          // 最终测量的结果都是父容器的大小          result = specSize;          break;      }      return result;  }

这里看到精确模式和最大模式,最终测量的结果都是父容器的大小,即布局中的wrap_content、match_parent以及数值大小效果都一样,这也就是自定义View一定要重写onMeasure方法的原因。

2、layout

布局相对测量而言要简单许多,从ViewRootImpl的performLayout方法出发,可以看到其中调用了DecorView的layout方法:

// 实则为DecorView的left, top, right, bottom四个信息  host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());

进入layout方法,发现l、t、r、b被传递到了setFrame方法中,并设置给了成员变量:

mLeft = left;  mTop = top;  mRight = right;  mBottom = bottom;

所以,布局实际为调用View的layout方法,设置自身的l、t、r、b值。另外,layout方法中往下走,可以看到调用了onLayout方法,进入后发现为空方法。因而查看FrameLayout的onLayout方法:

@Override  protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {      layoutChildren(left, top, right, bottom, false /* no force left gravity */);  }    void layoutChildren(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, boolean forceLeftGravity) {      final int count = getChildCount();        // 省略        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {          final View child = getChildAt(i);          if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {              final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();                // 省略                child.layout(childLeft, childTop, childLeft + width, childTop + height);          }      }  }

可以看到,进行一系列计算后,调用了child的layout方法,对子控件进行布局,同时子控件又会继续往下对自己的子控件布局,从而实现遍历。

综上,布局实际为调用layout方法设置View位置,ViewGroup则需要另外实现onLayout方法摆放子控件。

3、draw

(1)绘制过程入口
ViewRootImpl.performDraw()  -->ViewRootImpl.draw()  -->ViewRootImpl.drawSoftware()  -->View.draw()
(2)绘制步骤

进入到View的draw方法中,可以看到以下一段注释:

/*   * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed   * in the appropriate order:   *   *      1. Draw the background   *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading   *      3. Draw view's content   *      4. Draw children   *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers   *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)   */

结合draw方法的源码,绘制过程的关键步骤如下:

==> 绘制背景:drawBackground(canvas)

==> 绘制自己:onDraw(canvas)

==> 绘制子view:dispatchDraw(canvas)

==> 绘制滚动条、前景等装饰:onDrawForeground(canvas)