C++ 项目之Googletest单元测试

  • 2019 年 10 月 6 日
  • 筆記

C++ 项目之Googletest单元测试

1.Clion集成Googletest单元测试

Googletest – Google Testing and Mocking Framework

源码下载地址:

https://github.com/google/googletest/releases

Googletest中包含两个模块,分别是gtest与gmock,需要分别源码编译,编译完后,到指定目录去拷贝includes文件夹与.so文件到下面路径的指定位置.

然后项目中创建ext目录,里面分为两块

  • 第一块:includes

包含gmock与gtest的include文件,对应于gcc -I参数,头文件路径,包含以.h结尾的头文件

  • 第二块:libs

包含gmock与gtest的libs文件,对应gcc -L参数,库文件路径,里面包含的是一些.so或.dll等动态或静态链接库

├── ext  │   ├── includes  │   │   ├── gmock  │   │   └── gtest  │   └── libs  │       ├── gmock  │       └── gtest

上述本地项目路径配置好后,在CmakeLists.txt中进行配置:

# ext  set(BASE_INCLUDES ext/includes)  set(BASE_LIBS ext/libs)    # googletest  set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR ${BASE_INCLUDES}/gtest/include)  set(GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIR ${BASE_INCLUDES}/gmock/include)  set(GTEST_LINK_DIR ${BASE_LIBS}/gtest/lib/)  set(GMOCK_LINK_DIR ${BASE_LIBS}/gmock/lib/)    # 去哪里找头文件 相当于gcc/clang 中的-I(i的大写字母)参数  include_directories(${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR})  include_directories(${GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIR})    # 去哪里找库文件 .so .dll .dylib 相当于gcc 中的-L参数  link_directories(${GTEST_LINK_DIR})  link_directories(${GMOCK_LINK_DIR})

然后为每个test配上链接库即可.

例如,现在有个测试file,文件名为:了l1.cpp

那么在CmakeLists.txt中配置为:

add_executable(l1 l1.cpp)  target_link_libraries(l1 gtest gtest_main)  

2.gtest之Helloworld

int main(int argc, char* argv[])  {      // 接收命令行参数      testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);      vector<int> x={1,2,3,5};      // EXPECT_EQ使用      for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i)      {          EXPECT_EQ(x[i], 1) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;      }      RUN_ALL_TESTS();        return 0;  }

例如上述就是个完整的例子,每次运行:

testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);

然后使用:

RUN_ALL_TESTS();

运行所有的Test,每个Test编写参考后面断言.

我们看看运行效果:

l1.cpp:113: Failure  Expected equality of these values:    x[i]      Which is: 2    1  Vectors x and y differ at index 1  l1.cpp:113: Failure  Expected equality of these values:    x[i]      Which is: 3    1  Vectors x and y differ at index 2  l1.cpp:113: Failure  Expected equality of these values:    x[i]      Which is: 5    1  Vectors x and y differ at index 3  [==========] Running 0 tests from 0 test cases.  [==========] 0 tests from 0 test cases ran. (0 ms total)  [  PASSED  ] 0 tests.  [  FAILED  ] 0 tests, listed below:     0 FAILED TESTS

3.gtest初识之断言

关于断言Google包装了一系列EXPECTASSERT的宏,而EXPECT系列和ASSERT系列的区别是:

  • EXPECT 失败时,案例继续往下执行。
  • ASSERT 失败时,直接在当前函数中返回,当前函数中ASSERT后面的语句将不会执行。

例如:

TEST(ASSERTTest, ASSERT_VS_EXPECT)  {      ASSERT_TRUE(10<2);  // ASSERT失败,直接在当前函数中返回,后面语句不执行      ASSERT_FALSE(10<2);      EXPECT_EQ(6, Foo(310, 18));  }

每个Test是个宏,Test底层源码如下:

# define TEST(test_case_name, test_name) GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)

对应test_case名与test名.

上述代码中10<2为False,而使用了ASSERT_TRUE,该Test后面所有内容就不会执行,如果换成EXPECT_TRUE则正常运行!

布尔值检查

Fatal assertion

Nonfatal assertion

Verifies

ASSERT_TRUE(condition);

EXPECT_TRUE(condition);

condition is true

ASSERT_FALSE(condition);

EXPECT_FALSE(condition);

condition is false

数值型数据检查

Fatal assertion

Nonfatal assertion

Verifies

ASSERT_EQ(expected,actual);

EXPECT_EQ(expected,actual);

expected == actual

ASSERT_NE(val1,val2);

EXPECT_NE(val1,val2);

val1 != val2

ASSERT_LT(val1,val2);

EXPECT_LT(val1,val2);

val1 < val2

ASSERT_LE(val1,val2);

EXPECT_LE(val1,val2);

val1 <= val2

ASSERT_GT(val1,val2);

EXPECT_GT(val1,val2);

val1 > val2

ASSERT_GE(val1,val2);

EXPECT_GE(val1,val2);

val1 >= val2

字符串检查

TEST(StringCmpTest, Demo)  {      char* pszCoderZh = "CoderZh";      wchar_t* wszCoderZh = L"CoderZh";      std::string strCoderZh = "CoderZh";      std::wstring wstrCoderZh = L"CoderZh";        EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", pszCoderZh);      EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wszCoderZh);        EXPECT_STRNE("CnBlogs", pszCoderZh);      EXPECT_STRNE(L"CnBlogs", wszCoderZh);        EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("coderzh", pszCoderZh);      //EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(L"coderzh", wszCoderZh);    不支持        EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", strCoderZh.c_str());      EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wstrCoderZh.c_str());  }

其中STREQ和STRNE同时支持char和wchar_t类型的,STRCASEEQSTRCASENE却只接收char*

显示返回成功或失败

直接返回成功:SUCCEED();

返回失败:

Fatal assertion

Nonfatal assertion

FAIL();

ADD_FAILURE();

// 返回成功与否  TEST(ExplicitTest, Demo)  {      ADD_FAILURE() << "这行打印失败 Sorry"; // None Fatal Asserton,继续往下执行。        //FAIL(); // Fatal Assertion,不往下执行该案例。      EXPECT_TRUE(1==2)<<"1==2 failed!";      // 为了验证上述失败后是否执行下面        SUCCEED();  }

异常检查

分为三个:

EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement); 不抛出异常

EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement);抛出任意类型异常

EXPECT_THROW(statement, exception_type); 抛出指定类型异常

TEST(ExceptionTest,et) {      // 抛出任意类型异常      EXPECT_ANY_THROW(10/0); //Expected: 10/0 throws an exception.      // 抛出指定类型异常      EXPECT_THROW(1/0,int); //Expected: 1/0 throws an exception of type int.  }

Predicate Assertions

检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时,希望能够输出传入的参数是什么,以便失败后好跟踪

例如:

// 预测断言  bool MN(int m, int n)  {      return m>n;  }  //检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时,希望能够输出传入的参数是什么,以便失败后好跟踪  TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, Demo)  {      int m = 5, n = 6;      EXPECT_PRED2(MN, m, n); //只提供<=5个参数  传递参数要与函数MN对应  }

`EXPECT_PRED2(pred2, val1, val2);ASSERT类似.PRED2可以到PRED5

最多支持5个参数.

浮点型检查

EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)

ASSERT类似.

对相近的两个数比较:

EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error);

ASSERT类似.

例如:

// 浮点型  TEST(FloatDoubleTest,Demo) {      ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.1,1.1);      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.2,4.0);      EXPECT_NEAR(1.234,1.888,0.9);  //    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);  //    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);      EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::FloatLE,1,0);      // LE表示小于等于 也就是value1<=value2      EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE,0.1,0.2);  }

类型检查

// 类型检查  template <typename T>  class Tt{  public:      void foo() {          testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<bool, T>();     // 与下面调用一致就不报错,否则报错      }  };  TEST(TypeAssertionTest, Demo)  {      Tt<bool> tt;      tt.foo();  }

学习参考自:https://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/06/1430364.html