機械是否將擁有自主意識？

• 2020 年 4 月 3 日
• 筆記

人工智慧人或者人工智慧機械是否會擁有自我意識這一問題已經成為一個哲學問題，經過很長時間的談論。主要的問題是自我意識不能從外部感知中觀察到，而且如何區分它們是真的擁有自我意識還是僅僅只是一個看起來擁有自我意識的聰明程式，這需要了解機械學中的準確知識，和機械的內部原理才能知道。

我們回顧了最近最新的相關進展，並調查了常見的機械學習方式，來了解他們擁有自我意識的可能性。我們發現人們已經設計出了許多重要的演算法，來使機械擁有核心意識，但如果要達到人類只能的水平，則還需要研發更多的技術。

原文標題：Will we ever have Conscious Machines?

The question of whether artificial beings or machines could become self-aware or consciousness has been a philosophical question for centuries. The main problem is that self-awareness cannot be observed from an outside perspective and the distinction of whether something is really self-aware or merely a clever program that pretends to do so cannot be answered without access to accurate knowledge about the mechanism's inner workings.

We review the current state-of-the-art regarding these developments and investigate common machine learning approaches with respect to their potential ability to become self-aware. We realise that many important algorithmic steps towards machines with a core consciousness have already been devised. For human-level intelligence, however, many additional techniques have to be discovered.

原文鏈接：

https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.14132

原文作者：Patrick Krauss, Andreas Maier