mysqldump  Ver 10.13 Distrib 5.7.29, for Linux (x86_64)  Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  owners.    Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.  Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]  OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]  OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]    Default options are read from the following files in the given order:  /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /application/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf  The following groups are read: mysqldump client  The following options may be given as the first argument:  --print-defaults        Print the program argument list and exit.  --no-defaults           Don't read default options from any option file,                          except for login file.  --defaults-file=#       Only read default options from the given file #.  --defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.  --defaults-group-suffix=#                          Also read groups with concat(group, suffix)  --login-path=#          Read this path from the login file.    -A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases                        with all databases selected.    -Y, --all-tablespaces                        Dump all the tablespaces.    -y, --no-tablespaces                        Do not dump any tablespace information.    --add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.    --add-drop-table    Add a DROP TABLE before each create.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)    --add-drop-trigger  Add a DROP TRIGGER before each create.    --add-locks         Add locks around INSERT statements.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)    --allow-keywords    Allow creation of column names that are keywords.    --apply-slave-statements                        Adds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START                        SLAVE' to bottom of dump.    --bind-address=name IP address to bind to.    --character-sets-dir=name                        Directory for character set files.    -i, --comments      Write additional information.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)    --compatible=name   Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By                        default tables are dumped in a format optimized for                        MySQL. Legal modes are: ansi, mysql323, mysql40,                        postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options,                        no_table_options, no_field_options. One can use several                        modes separated by commas. Note: Requires MySQL server                        version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored with                        earlier server versions.    --compact           Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables                        structure comments and header/footer constructs.  Enables                        options --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks                        --skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.    -c, --complete-insert                        Use complete insert statements.    -C, --compress      Use compression in server/client protocol.    -a, --create-options                        Include all MySQL specific create options.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)    -B, --databases     Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in                        this case no tables are given. All name arguments are                        regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be                        included in the output.    -#, --debug[=#]     This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.    --debug-check       This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.    --debug-info        This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.    --default-character-set=name                        Set the default character set.    --delete-master-logs                        Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically                        enables --master-data.    -K, --disable-keys  '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and                        '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put                        in the output.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)    --dump-slave[=#]    This causes the binary log position and filename of the                        master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting                        the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command                        in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command                        will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will                        turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is                        specified too (in which case a global read lock is only                        taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't                        forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all                        cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment                        of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.    -E, --events        Dump events.    -e, --extended-insert                        Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several                        VALUES lists.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)    --fields-terminated-by=name                        Fields in the output file are terminated by the given                        string.    --fields-enclosed-by=name                        Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given                        character.    --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name                        Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the                        given character.    --fields-escaped-by=name                        Fields in the output file are escaped by the given                        character.    -F, --flush-logs    Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that                        if you dump many databases at once (using the option                        --databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be                        flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when                        using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case                        the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the                        moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump                        and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you                        should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with                        --flush-logs.    --flush-privileges  Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql                        database.  This option should be used any time the dump                        contains the mysql database and any other database that                        depends on the data in the mysql database for proper                        restore.    -f, --force         Continue even if we get an SQL error.    -?, --help          Display this help message and exit.    --hex-blob          Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in                        hexadecimal format.    -h, --host=name     Connect to host.    --ignore-error=name A comma-separated list of error numbers to be ignored if                        encountered during dump.    --ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one                        table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once                        for each table.  Each table must be specified with both                        database and table names, e.g.,                        --ignore-table=database.table.    --include-master-host-port                        Adds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE                        MASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-slave.    --insert-ignore     Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.    --lines-terminated-by=name                        Lines in the output file are terminated by the given                        string.    -x, --lock-all-tables                        Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved                        by taking a global read lock for the duration of the                        whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and                        --lock-tables off.    -l, --lock-tables   Lock all tables for read.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)    --log-error=name    Append warnings and errors to given file.    --master-data[=#]   This causes the binary log position and filename to be                        appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a                        CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will                        be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn                        --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is                        specified too (in which case a global read lock is only                        taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't                        forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all                        cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment                        of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables                        off.    --max-allowed-packet=#                        The maximum packet length to send to or receive from                        server.    --net-buffer-length=#                        The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.    --no-autocommit     Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.    -n, --no-create-db  Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement that                        normally is output for each dumped database if                        --all-databases or --databases is given.    -t, --no-create-info                        Don't write table creation info.    -d, --no-data       No row information.    -N, --no-set-names  Same as --skip-set-charset.    --opt               Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,                        --quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,                        and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with                        --skip-opt.    --order-by-primary  Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique                        key, if such a key exists.  Useful when dumping a MyISAM                        table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make                        the dump itself take considerably longer.    -p, --password[=name]                        Password to use when connecting to server. If password is                        not given it's solicited on the tty.    -P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection.    --protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,                        memory).    -q, --quick         Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)    -Q, --quote-names   Quote table and column names with backticks (`).                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)    --replace           Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.    -r, --result-file=name                        Direct output to a given file. This option should be used                        in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return                        linefeed pairs (rn) to separate text lines. This option                        ensures that only a single newline is used.    -R, --routines      Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).    --set-charset       Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)    --set-gtid-purged[=name]                        Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible                        values for this option are ON, OFF and AUTO. If ON is                        used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, an error is                        generated. If OFF is used, this option does nothing. If                        AUTO is used and GTIDs are enabled on the server, 'SET                        @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added to the output. If GTIDs                        are disabled, AUTO does nothing. If no value is supplied                        then the default (AUTO) value will be considered.    --single-transaction                        Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a                        single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in                        storage engines which support multiversioning (currently                        only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be                        consistent for other storage engines. While a                        --single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a                        valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log                        position), no other connection should use the following                        statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,                        TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated                        from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.    --dump-date         Put a dump date to the end of the output.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)    --skip-opt          Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,                        --create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,                        --lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.    -S, --socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.    --secure-auth       Refuse client connecting to server if it uses old                        (pre-4.1.1) protocol. Deprecated. Always TRUE    --ssl-mode=name     SSL connection mode.    --ssl               Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode instead.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-ssl to disable.)    --ssl-verify-server-cert                        Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode=VERIFY_IDENTITY instead.    --ssl-ca=name       CA file in PEM format.    --ssl-capath=name   CA directory.    --ssl-cert=name     X509 cert in PEM format.    --ssl-cipher=name   SSL cipher to use.    --ssl-key=name      X509 key in PEM format.    --ssl-crl=name      Certificate revocation list.    --ssl-crlpath=name  Certificate revocation list path.    --tls-version=name  TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1, TLSv1.1,                        TLSv1.2    --server-public-key-path=name                        File path to the server public RSA key in PEM format.    --get-server-public-key                        Get server public key    -T, --tab=name      Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given                        path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works                        if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld                        server.    --tables            Overrides option --databases (-B).    --triggers          Dump triggers for each dumped table.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)    --tz-utc            SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of                        TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time                        zones or data is being moved between servers with                        different time zones.                        (Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)    -u, --user=name     User for login if not current user.    -v, --verbose       Print info about the various stages.    -V, --version       Output version information and exit.    -w, --where=name    Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.    -X, --xml           Dump a database as well formed XML.    --plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.    --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.    --enable-cleartext-plugin                        Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.    Variables (--variable-name=value)  and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}  Value (after reading options)  --------------------------------- ----------------------------------------  all-databases                     FALSE  all-tablespaces                   FALSE  no-tablespaces                    FALSE  add-drop-database                 FALSE  add-drop-table                    TRUE  add-drop-trigger                  FALSE  add-locks                         TRUE  allow-keywords                    FALSE  apply-slave-statements            FALSE  bind-address                      (No default value)  character-sets-dir                (No default value)  comments                          TRUE  compatible                        (No default value)  compact                           FALSE  complete-insert                   FALSE  compress                          FALSE  create-options                    TRUE  databases                         FALSE  default-character-set             utf8  delete-master-logs                FALSE  disable-keys                      TRUE  dump-slave                        0  events                            FALSE  extended-insert                   TRUE  fields-terminated-by              (No default value)  fields-enclosed-by                (No default value)  fields-optionally-enclosed-by     (No default value)  fields-escaped-by                 (No default value)  flush-logs                        FALSE  flush-privileges                  FALSE  force                             FALSE  hex-blob                          FALSE  host                              (No default value)  ignore-error                      (No default value)  include-master-host-port          FALSE  insert-ignore                     FALSE  lines-terminated-by               (No default value)  lock-all-tables                   FALSE  lock-tables                       TRUE  log-error                         (No default value)  master-data                       0  max-allowed-packet                25165824  net-buffer-length                 1046528  no-autocommit                     FALSE  no-create-db                      FALSE  no-create-info                    FALSE  no-data                           FALSE  order-by-primary                  FALSE  port                              3306  quick                             TRUE  quote-names                       TRUE  replace                           FALSE  routines                          FALSE  set-charset                       TRUE  single-transaction                FALSE  dump-date                         TRUE  socket                            /application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock  secure-auth                       TRUE  ssl                               TRUE  ssl-verify-server-cert            FALSE  ssl-ca                            (No default value)  ssl-capath                        (No default value)  ssl-cert                          (No default value)  ssl-cipher                        (No default value)  ssl-key                           (No default value)  ssl-crl                           (No default value)  ssl-crlpath                       (No default value)  tls-version                       (No default value)  server-public-key-path            (No default value)  get-server-public-key             FALSE  tab                               (No default value)  triggers                          TRUE  tz-utc                            TRUE  user                              (No default value)  verbose                           FALSE  where                             (No default value)  plugin-dir                        (No default value)  default-auth                      (No default value)  enable-cleartext-plugin           FALSE

#1.先演示不加-B參數的效果    #提示：我這裡創建的表的時候，庫和表的字符集都是使用UTF8，以免導出中文的時候出現亂碼  mysql> create database data character set=utf8;  #表會隨著庫的字符集  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)    使用root用戶登錄將data資料庫備份到/opt目錄下  [root@ctos3 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p data > /opt/mysql.bak.sql  Enter password:    #查看備份的東西  [root@ctos3 ~]# grep -Ev "#|*|--|^$" /opt/mysql.bak.sql  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Student`;  CREATE TABLE `Student` (    `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,    `name` char(20) NOT NULL,    `age` varchar(16) NOT NULL,    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)  ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;  LOCK TABLES `Student` WRITE;  INSERT INTO `Student` VALUES (1,'aa','19'),(2,'bb','20'),(3,'張沖','21');  UNLOCK TABLES;  #恢復    #將表刪除再恢復  [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "use data;drop table Student;" #刪除表  Enter password:    [root@cots3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from data.Student;" #確認表有沒有刪除  Enter password:  ERROR 1146 (42S02) at line 1: Table 'data.Student' doesn't exist    [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p data < /opt/mysql.bak.sql  #進行恢復，沒問題  Enter password:    [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from data.Student;" #查看  Enter password:  +----+--------+-----+  | id | name   | age |  +----+--------+-----+  |  1 | aa     | 19  |  |  2 | bb     | 20  |  |  3 | 張沖   | 21  |  +----+--------+-----+  #問題:如果刪除了資料庫，如果備份的時候不加-B參數，備份回來是會報錯的，除非將資料庫創建回來    mysql> drop database data;  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)    [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p data < /opt/mysql.bak.sql  #恢復的時候就會報錯，備份的時候沒有加-B參數，沒有建庫語句  Enter password:  ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'data'    [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "create database data;" #將資料庫創建回來  Enter password:  [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "show databases;" | grep -E "data"  Enter password:  data    [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p data < /opt/mysql.bak.sql  #恢複數據  Enter password:    [root@ctos3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "use data;select * from Student;" #查看  Enter password:  +----+--------+-----+  | id | name   | age |  +----+--------+-----+  |  1 | aa     | 19  |  |  2 | bb     | 20  |  |  3 | 張沖   | 21  |  +----+--------+-----+      #2.演示加-B參數備份  [root@cots3 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B data > /opt/mysql.bak_B.sql  #首先使用-B進行備份  Enter password:    [root@cots3 ~]# cd /opt/  [root@cots3 opt]# ls  mysql.bak_B.sql  mysql.bak.sql  [root@cots3 opt]# diff mysql.bak.sql  mysql.bak_B.sql  #對比一下加-B和不加的區別，加了-B會有創建資料庫和連接資料庫的命令  18a19,26  > -- Current Database: `data`  > --  >  > CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `data` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;  >  > USE `data`;  >  > --  52c60  < -- Dump completed on 2020-03-12  5:46:28  ---  > -- Dump completed on 2020-03-12  5:53:11      [root@cots3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "drop database data;" #刪除資料庫  Enter password:  [root@cots3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p < /opt/mysql.bak_B.sql  #然後恢復  Enter password:  [root@cots3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "select * from data.Student;"  Enter password:  +----+--------+-----+  | id | name   | age |  +----+--------+-----+  |  1 | aa     | 19  |  |  2 | bb     | 20  |  |  3 | 張沖   | 21  |  +----+--------+-----+  #提示：備份的時候加入-B參數好點，還原的時候不用加創建庫

[root@ctos3 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql_bin.000001  /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;  /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;  DELIMITER /*!*/;  # at 4  #200313  8:31:31 server id 1  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x9ffc5808     Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.29-log created 200313  8:31:31 at startup  # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.  ROLLBACK/*!*/;  BINLOG '  I31rXg8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjI5LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAjfWteEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA  AQhY/J8=  '/*!*/;  # at 123  #200313  8:31:31 server id 1  end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x2f9f0a63     Previous-GTIDs  # [empty]  # at 154  #200313  8:40:27 server id 1  end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x49d233b5     Anonymous_GTID    last_committed=0    sequence_number=1    rbr_only=no  SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;  # at 219  #200313  8:40:27 server id 1  end_log_pos 313 CRC32 0x163c2e24     Query    thread_id=3    exec_time=0    error_code=0  SET TIMESTAMP=1584103227/*!*/;  SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=3/*!*/;  SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;  SET @@session.sql_mode=32/*!*/;  SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;  /*!C utf8 *//*!*/;  SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;  SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;  SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;  create database data  /*!*/;  # at 313  #200313  8:40:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 378 CRC32 0x404f0c1d     Anonymous_GTID    last_committed=1    sequence_number=2    rbr_only=no  SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;  # at 378  #200313  8:40:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 466 CRC32 0xfcb07e1f     Query    thread_id=3    exec_time=0    error_code=0  SET TIMESTAMP=1584103232/*!*/;  create database db  /*!*/;  # at 466  #200313  8:41:11 server id 1  end_log_pos 531 CRC32 0xb1d1de3b     Anonymous_GTID    last_committed=2    sequence_number=3    rbr_only=no  SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;  # at 531  #200313  8:41:11 server id 1  end_log_pos 726 CRC32 0x9dbf88b2     Query    thread_id=3    exec_time=0    error_code=0  use `data`/*!*/;  SET TIMESTAMP=1584103271/*!*/;  create table test (  id int(4) not null auto_increment,  name char(20) not null,  age varchar(16) not null,  primary key(id))  /*!*/;  # at 726  #200313  8:41:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 791 CRC32 0x44340287     Anonymous_GTID    last_committed=3    sequence_number=4    rbr_only=yes  /*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/;  SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;  # at 791  #200313  8:41:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 863 CRC32 0xea8b7d1b     Query    thread_id=3    exec_time=0    error_code=0  SET TIMESTAMP=1584103292/*!*/;  BEGIN  /*!*/;  # at 863  #200313  8:41:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 916 CRC32 0x8bc89c48     Table_map: `data`.`test` mapped to number 108  # at 916  #200313  8:41:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 981 CRC32 0xbccabc0a     Write_rows: table id 108 flags: STMT_END_F    BINLOG '  fH9rXhMBAAAANQAAAJQDAAAAAGwAAAAAAAEABGRhdGEABHRlc3QAAwP+DwT+PDAAAEicyIs=  fH9rXh4BAAAAQQAAANUDAAAAAGwAAAAAAAEAAgAD//gBAAAACHpoYW5nc2FuAjE5+AIAAAAEbGlz  aQIyMAq8yrw=  '/*!*/;  # at 981  #200313  8:41:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 1012 CRC32 0x24abc81e     Xid = 13  COMMIT/*!*/;  SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;  DELIMITER ;  # End of log file  /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;  /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;