SSM動態切換數據源
- 2020 年 3 月 9 日
- 筆記
有需求就要想辦法解決,最近參與的項目其涉及的三個數據表分別在三台不同的伺服器上,這就有點突兀了,第一次遇到這種情況,可這難不倒筆者,資料一查,程式碼一打,回頭看看源碼,萬事大吉
1. 預備知識
這裡默認大家都會SSM框架了,使用時我們要往sqlSessionFactory里注入數據源。那麼猜測:1、可以往sqlSessionFactory里注入多數據源來實現切換;2、將多個數據源封裝成一個總源
,再把這個總源
注入到sqlSessionFactory里實現切換。答案是使用後者,即封裝成總源
的形式。Spring提供了動態切換數據源的功能,那麼我們來看看其實現原理
2. 實現原理
筆者是根據源碼講解的,這些步驟講完會貼出源碼內容
一、
Spring提供了AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象類,其繼承了AbstractDataSource。而AbstractDataSource又實現了DataSource。因此我們可以將AbstractRoutingDataSource的實現類注入到sqlSessionFactory中來實現切換數據源
二、
剛才我們將多個數據源封裝成總源
的想法在AbstractRoutingDataSource中有體現,其內部用一個Map集合封裝多個數據源,即 private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;
,那麼要使用時從該Map集合中獲取即可
三、
AbstractRoutingDataSource中有個determineTargetDataSource()方法,其作用是決定使用哪個數據源。我們通過determineTargetDataSource()方法從Map集合中獲取數據源,那麼必須有個key值指定才行。所以determineTargetDataSource()方法內部通過調用determineCurrentLookupKey()方法來獲取key值,Spring將determineCurrentLookupKey()方法抽象出來給用戶實現,從而讓用戶決定使用哪個數據源
四、
既然知道我們需要重寫determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,那麼就開始把。實現時發現該方法沒有參數,我們無法傳參來決定返回的key值,又不能改動方法(因為是重寫),所以方法內部調用我們自定義類的靜態方法即可解決問題
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() { return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSourceKey(); } }
五、
自定義類,作用是讓我們傳入key值來決定使用哪個key
public class DynamicDataSourceHolder { // ThreadLocal沒什麼好說的,綁定當前執行緒 private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSourceKey = new ThreadLocal<String>(); public static String getDataSourceKey(){ return dataSourceKey.get(); } public static void setDataSourceKey(String key){ dataSourceKey.set(key); } public static void clearDataSourceKey(){ dataSourceKey.remove(); } }
六、
AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象類源碼(不喜可跳)
public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean { @Nullable private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources; @Nullable private Object defaultTargetDataSource; private boolean lenientFallback = true; private DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup(); @Nullable private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources; @Nullable private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource; public AbstractRoutingDataSource() { } public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) { this.targetDataSources = targetDataSources; } public void setDefaultTargetDataSource(Object defaultTargetDataSource) { this.defaultTargetDataSource = defaultTargetDataSource; } public void setLenientFallback(boolean lenientFallback) { this.lenientFallback = lenientFallback; } public void setDataSourceLookup(@Nullable DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup) { this.dataSourceLookup = (DataSourceLookup)(dataSourceLookup != null ? dataSourceLookup : new JndiDataSourceLookup()); } public void afterPropertiesSet() { if (this.targetDataSources == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'targetDataSources' is required"); } else { this.resolvedDataSources = new HashMap(this.targetDataSources.size()); this.targetDataSources.forEach((key, value) -> { Object lookupKey = this.resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(key); DataSource dataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(value); this.resolvedDataSources.put(lookupKey, dataSource); }); if (this.defaultTargetDataSource != null) { this.resolvedDefaultDataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(this.defaultTargetDataSource); } } } protected Object resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(Object lookupKey) { return lookupKey; } protected DataSource resolveSpecifiedDataSource(Object dataSource) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (dataSource instanceof DataSource) { return (DataSource)dataSource; } else if (dataSource instanceof String) { return this.dataSourceLookup.getDataSource((String)dataSource); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal data source value - only [javax.sql.DataSource] and String supported: " + dataSource); } } public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(); } public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException { return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password); } public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException { return iface.isInstance(this) ? this : this.determineTargetDataSource().unwrap(iface); } public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException { return iface.isInstance(this) || this.determineTargetDataSource().isWrapperFor(iface); } protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() { Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized"); Object lookupKey = this.determineCurrentLookupKey(); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey); if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) { dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource; } if (dataSource == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]"); } else { return dataSource; } } @Nullable protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey(); }
3. 配置
3.1 配置db.properties
這裡配置兩個資料庫,一個評論庫,一個用戶庫
# 問題庫 howl.comments.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver howl.comments.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/comment howl.comments.username = root howl.comments.password = # 用戶庫 howl.users.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver howl.users.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/user howl.users.username = root howl.users.password =
3.2 配置applicationContext.xml
<!-- 載入properties文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder> <!-- 問題的數據源 --> <bean id="commentsDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${howl.comments.driverClassName}"></property> <property name="url" value="${howl.comments.url}"></property> <property name="username" value="${howl.comments.username}"></property> <property name="password" value="${howl.comments.password}"></property> </bean> <!-- 用戶的數據源 --> <bean id="usersDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${howl.users.driverClassName}"></property> <property name="url" value="${howl.users.url}"></property> <property name="username" value="${howl.users.username}"></property> <property name="password" value="${howl.users.password}"></property> </bean> <!-- 通過setter方法,往DynamicDataSource的Map集合中注入數據 --> <!-- 具體參數,看名字可以明白 --> <bean id="dynamicDataSource" class="com.howl.util.DynamicDataSource"> <property name="targetDataSources"> <map key-type="java.lang.String"> <entry key="cds" value-ref="commentsDataSource"/> <entry key="uds" value-ref="usersDataSource"/> </map> </property> <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="commentsDataSource"></property> </bean> <!-- 將`總源`注入SqlSessionFactory工廠 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property> <property name="dataSource" ref="dynamicDataSource"></property> </bean>
因為dynamicDataSource是繼承AbstractRoutingDataSource,所以setter注入方法得去父類裡面去找,開始筆者也是懵了一下
3.3 切換數據源
數據源是在Service層切換的
UserService
@Service public class UserService { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; public User selectUserById(int id) { // 表明使用usersDataSource庫 DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("uds"); return userDao.selectUserById(id); } }
CommentService
@Service public class CommentService { @Autowired CommentDao commentDao; public List<Comment> selectCommentById(int blogId) { // 表明使用評論庫 DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("cds"); return commentDao.selectCommentById(blogId, -1); } }
3.4 自動切換
手動切換容易忘記,我們學了AOP可以使用AOP來切換,這裡使用註解實現
<!-- 開啟AOP註解支援 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
切面類
@Component @Aspect public class DataSourceAspect { @Pointcut("execution(* com.howl.service.impl.*(..))") private void pt1() { } @Around("pt1()") public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) { Object rtValue = null; try { String name = pjp.getTarget().getClass().getName(); if (name.equals("com.howl.service.UserService")) { DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("uds"); } if (name.equals("com.howl.service.CommentService")){ DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("cds"); } // 調用業務層方法 rtValue = pjp.proceed(); System.out.println("後置通知"); } catch (Throwable t) { System.out.println("異常通知"); t.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println("最終通知"); } return rtValue; } }
使用環繞通知實現切入com.howl.service.impl里的所有方法,在遇到UserService、CommentService時,前置通知動態切換對應的數據源
4. 總結
- 以前筆者認為Service層多了impl包和介面是多餘的,現在要用到AOP的時候後悔莫及,所以默認結構如此肯定有道理的
- 出bug的時候,才知道分步測試哪裡出問題了,如果TDD推動那麼能快速定位報錯地方,日誌也很重要
參考
https://www.jianshu.com/p/d97cd60e404f