SSM動態切換數據源


有需求就要想辦法解決,最近參與的項目其涉及的三個數據表分別在三台不同的伺服器上,這就有點突兀了,第一次遇到這種情況,可這難不倒筆者,資料一查,程式碼一打,回頭看看源碼,萬事大吉

1. 預備知識

這裡默認大家都會SSM框架了,使用時我們要往sqlSessionFactory里注入數據源。那麼猜測:1、可以往sqlSessionFactory里注入多數據源來實現切換;2、將多個數據源封裝成一個總源,再把這個總源注入到sqlSessionFactory里實現切換。答案是使用後者,即封裝成總源的形式。Spring提供了動態切換數據源的功能,那麼我們來看看其實現原理

2. 實現原理

筆者是根據源碼講解的,這些步驟講完會貼出源碼內容

一、

Spring提供了AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象類,其繼承了AbstractDataSource。而AbstractDataSource又實現了DataSource。因此我們可以將AbstractRoutingDataSource的實現類注入到sqlSessionFactory中來實現切換數據源

二、

剛才我們將多個數據源封裝成總源的想法在AbstractRoutingDataSource中有體現,其內部用一個Map集合封裝多個數據源,即 private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources; ,那麼要使用時從該Map集合中獲取即可

三、

AbstractRoutingDataSource中有個determineTargetDataSource()方法,其作用是決定使用哪個數據源。我們通過determineTargetDataSource()方法從Map集合中獲取數據源,那麼必須有個key值指定才行。所以determineTargetDataSource()方法內部通過調用determineCurrentLookupKey()方法來獲取key值,Spring將determineCurrentLookupKey()方法抽象出來給用戶實現,從而讓用戶決定使用哪個數據源

四、

既然知道我們需要重寫determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,那麼就開始把。實現時發現該方法沒有參數,我們無法傳參來決定返回的key值,又不能改動方法(因為是重寫),所以方法內部調用我們自定義類的靜態方法即可解決問題

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {      @Override      protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {          return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSourceKey();      }  }

五、

自定義類,作用是讓我們傳入key值來決定使用哪個key

public class DynamicDataSourceHolder {        // ThreadLocal沒什麼好說的,綁定當前執行緒      private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSourceKey = new ThreadLocal<String>();        public static String getDataSourceKey(){          return dataSourceKey.get();      }        public static void setDataSourceKey(String key){          dataSourceKey.set(key);      }        public static void clearDataSourceKey(){          dataSourceKey.remove();      }  }

六、

AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象類源碼(不喜可跳

public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean {      @Nullable      private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources;      @Nullable      private Object defaultTargetDataSource;      private boolean lenientFallback = true;      private DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup();      @Nullable      private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;      @Nullable      private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource;        public AbstractRoutingDataSource() {      }        public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) {          this.targetDataSources = targetDataSources;      }        public void setDefaultTargetDataSource(Object defaultTargetDataSource) {          this.defaultTargetDataSource = defaultTargetDataSource;      }        public void setLenientFallback(boolean lenientFallback) {          this.lenientFallback = lenientFallback;      }        public void setDataSourceLookup(@Nullable DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup) {          this.dataSourceLookup = (DataSourceLookup)(dataSourceLookup != null ? dataSourceLookup : new JndiDataSourceLookup());      }        public void afterPropertiesSet() {          if (this.targetDataSources == null) {              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'targetDataSources' is required");          } else {              this.resolvedDataSources = new HashMap(this.targetDataSources.size());              this.targetDataSources.forEach((key, value) -> {                  Object lookupKey = this.resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(key);                  DataSource dataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(value);                  this.resolvedDataSources.put(lookupKey, dataSource);              });              if (this.defaultTargetDataSource != null) {                  this.resolvedDefaultDataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(this.defaultTargetDataSource);              }            }      }        protected Object resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(Object lookupKey) {          return lookupKey;      }        protected DataSource resolveSpecifiedDataSource(Object dataSource) throws IllegalArgumentException {          if (dataSource instanceof DataSource) {              return (DataSource)dataSource;          } else if (dataSource instanceof String) {              return this.dataSourceLookup.getDataSource((String)dataSource);          } else {              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal data source value - only [javax.sql.DataSource] and String supported: " + dataSource);          }      }        public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {          return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();      }        public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {          return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);      }        public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {          return iface.isInstance(this) ? this : this.determineTargetDataSource().unwrap(iface);      }        public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {          return iface.isInstance(this) || this.determineTargetDataSource().isWrapperFor(iface);      }        protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {          Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");          Object lookupKey = this.determineCurrentLookupKey();          DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);          if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {              dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;          }            if (dataSource == null) {              throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");          } else {              return dataSource;          }      }        @Nullable      protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey();  }

3. 配置

3.1 配置db.properties

這裡配置兩個資料庫,一個評論庫,一個用戶庫

# 問題庫  howl.comments.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  howl.comments.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/comment  howl.comments.username = root  howl.comments.password =    # 用戶庫  howl.users.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  howl.users.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/user  howl.users.username = root  howl.users.password =

3.2 配置applicationContext.xml

<!--  載入properties文件  -->  <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>      <!--  問題的數據源  -->  <bean id="commentsDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">      <property name="driverClassName" value="${howl.comments.driverClassName}"></property>      <property name="url" value="${howl.comments.url}"></property>      <property name="username" value="${howl.comments.username}"></property>      <property name="password" value="${howl.comments.password}"></property>  </bean>      <!--  用戶的數據源  -->  <bean id="usersDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">      <property name="driverClassName" value="${howl.users.driverClassName}"></property>      <property name="url" value="${howl.users.url}"></property>      <property name="username" value="${howl.users.username}"></property>      <property name="password" value="${howl.users.password}"></property>  </bean>      <!--  通過setter方法,往DynamicDataSource的Map集合中注入數據  -->  <!--  具體參數,看名字可以明白  -->  <bean id="dynamicDataSource" class="com.howl.util.DynamicDataSource">      <property name="targetDataSources">          <map key-type="java.lang.String">              <entry key="cds" value-ref="commentsDataSource"/>              <entry key="uds" value-ref="usersDataSource"/>          </map>      </property>      <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="commentsDataSource"></property>  </bean>      <!--  將`總源`注入SqlSessionFactory工廠  -->  <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">      <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>      <property name="dataSource" ref="dynamicDataSource"></property>  </bean>

因為dynamicDataSource是繼承AbstractRoutingDataSource,所以setter注入方法得去父類裡面去找,開始筆者也是懵了一下

3.3 切換數據源

數據源是在Service層切換的

UserService

@Service  public class UserService {        @Autowired      private UserDao userDao;        public User selectUserById(int id) {            // 表明使用usersDataSource庫          DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("uds");          return userDao.selectUserById(id);      }  }

CommentService

@Service  public class CommentService {        @Autowired      CommentDao commentDao;        public List<Comment> selectCommentById(int blogId) {            // 表明使用評論庫          DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("cds");          return commentDao.selectCommentById(blogId, -1);      }  }

3.4 自動切換

手動切換容易忘記,我們學了AOP可以使用AOP來切換,這裡使用註解實現

<!-- 開啟AOP註解支援 -->  <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>

切面類

@Component  @Aspect  public class DataSourceAspect {        @Pointcut("execution(* com.howl.service.impl.*(..))")      private void pt1() {      }        @Around("pt1()")      public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {            Object rtValue = null;          try {              String name = pjp.getTarget().getClass().getName();              if (name.equals("com.howl.service.UserService")) {                  DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("uds");              }              if (name.equals("com.howl.service.CommentService")){                  DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("cds");              }              // 調用業務層方法              rtValue = pjp.proceed();                System.out.println("後置通知");          } catch (Throwable t) {              System.out.println("異常通知");              t.printStackTrace();          } finally {              System.out.println("最終通知");          }          return rtValue;      }  }

使用環繞通知實現切入com.howl.service.impl里的所有方法,在遇到UserService、CommentService時,前置通知動態切換對應的數據源

4. 總結

  1. 以前筆者認為Service層多了impl包和介面是多餘的,現在要用到AOP的時候後悔莫及,所以默認結構如此肯定有道理的
  2. 出bug的時候,才知道分步測試哪裡出問題了,如果TDD推動那麼能快速定位報錯地方,日誌也很重要


參考

https://www.jianshu.com/p/d97cd60e404f