SpringBoot源碼學習系列之啟動原理簡介
- 2020 年 2 月 2 日
- 筆記
本部落格通過debug方式簡單跟一下Springboot application啟動的源碼,Springboot的啟動源碼是比較複雜的,本部落格只是簡單梳理一下源碼,淺析其原理
為了方便跟源碼,先找個Application類,打個斷點,進行調試,如圖所示:
step into,run方法調用了SpringApplication的run方法
通過debug,Springboot啟動過程,會先執行如下關鍵的構造函數
分析構造函數源碼:
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) { this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader; Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null"); this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources)); // 判斷當前的web類型 this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath(); //設置初始化的ApplicationInitializer類,從類路徑下面的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件獲取所有的ApplicationInitializer保存起來 setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class)); //同理,從類路徑下面的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件獲取所有的ApplicationListener保存起來 setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class)); //從多個配置類中找到有main方法的主配置類 this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(); }
注意:上面過程其實就是創建Springboot的Application啟動類的過程
deduceFromClasspath方法是判斷web類型的
繼續debug ApplicationContextInitializer這些Initializer類,可以說是初始化類的設置過程
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader)獲取所有的Initializer類的類名
Evaluate可以看出掃描到如下的類
繼續debug,這個是Spring框架的底層類
找到主要的源碼,loadSpringFactories方法也是從如下的位置獲取配置資訊的
從META-INF/spring.factories獲取對應的配置資訊
框架的文件位置在autoconfiguration工程里,顯然如果要自定義Initializer類的話,自己新建一些Initializer類,然後自己寫個META-INF/spring.factories類,也是可以被掃描到的
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { //用一個ConcurrentReferenceHashMap來快取資訊 MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader); if (result != null) { //快取讀取到配置資訊,返回快取數據 return result; } // 快取讀取不到的情況,重新從META-INF/spring.factories配置文件讀取 try { Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) : ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION)); result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); // 遍歷循環讀取配置資訊 while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url); // 用PropertiesLoaderUtils工具類讀取資源文件 Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) { //獲取到Initializer對應的全類名 String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim(); for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) { result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim()); } } } // 重新放在快取里 cache.put(classLoader, result); return result; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex); } }
ApplicationInitializer類的全類名都被掃描到之後,返回剛才的源碼,繼續看看,如圖,從命名看應該是進行類的實例化過程
step into,果然是的,還是調用了Spring框架的底層工具類,BeanUtils進行類的實例化過程
setListeners方法的過程同理,本文就不詳細分析:
繼續往下debug,deduceMainApplicationClass方法
private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() { try { //獲取運行時的堆棧屬性數組 StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace(); for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) { //有main方法的Application類返回 if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) { return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName()); } } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { // Swallow and continue } return null; }
獲取到的就是創建Springboot工程時的Application類
Springboot的Application類創建成功之後,才真正開始執行run方法
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>(); //校驗java.awt.headless的 configureHeadlessProperty(); //從META-INF/spring.factories獲取SpringApplicationRunListeners,和前面的分析同理,本文就不詳細介紹 SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); //回調SpringApplicationRunListeners 的starting方法 listeners.starting(); try { //封裝命令行參數 ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args); //準備環境,環境創建完成之後,再回調SpringApplicationRunListeners 的environmentPrepared方法,表示環境準備好 ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment); //控制台列印Banner資訊的,後面再簡單分析 Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); // 創建Spring的IOC容器,創建過程比較複雜,會分析是web類型的ioc容器,還是普通的ioc容器等等 context = createApplicationContext(); exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context); //將environment保存到ioc,執行applyInitializers方法,applyInitializers方法執行完成之後,再回調SpringApplicationRunListeners的contextPrepared方法 //applyInitializers方法作用:回調之前保存的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法 prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //刷新ioc容器,其實就是ioc容器的初始化過程,還沒進行屬性設置,後置處理器,僅僅是掃描、創建、載入所有組件等等過程 refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } //回調所有SpringApplicationRunListener的started方法 listeners.started(context); //從ioc容器中獲取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner進行回調,ApplicationRunner先回調,CommandLineRunner再回調 callRunners(context, applicationArguments); } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } try { //回調所有SpringApplicationRunListener的running方法 listeners.running(context); } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } //Springboot應用啟動成功後,才返回啟動的ioc容器 return context; }
回顧一下前面源碼的環境準備方法,找重點程式碼,如圖,可以看出環境準備完成後會回調SpringApplicationRunListener的environmentPrepared方法,表示環境準備完成
banner列印的方法,如圖,執行完成,控制台的banner資訊就列印出來了:
ioc初始化之前,會執行applyInitializers方法,執行完成後,再回調SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared方法
applyInitializers():回調之前保存的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法
從ioc容器中獲取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner進行回調
ok,從源碼的簡單分析,可以看出有幾個重要的事件監聽機制,下面引用尚矽谷影片的例子:
只需要放在ioc容器中的有:
- ApplicationRunner
@Component public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner { @Override public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run...."); } }
- CommandLineRunner
@Component public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..."+ Arrays.asList(args)); } }
配置在META-INF/spring.factories的有:
- ApplicationContextInitializer
public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> { @Override public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) { System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..."+applicationContext); } }
- SpringApplicationRunListener
package com.example.springboot.web.listener; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener; import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment; public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener { //必須有的構造器 public HelloSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args){ } @Override public void starting() { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting..."); } @Override public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name"); System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared.."+o); } @Override public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared..."); } @Override public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded..."); } }
配置(META-INF/spring.factories)
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer= com.example.springboot.web.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener= com.example.springboot.web.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener
例子下載:github下載鏈接