.Net Core依賴注入
一、配置文件的讀取
利用Startup類中的configuration讀取appsettings.json中的配置
{
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Warning"
}
},
"option1": "value1_from_json",
"option2": 2,
"subsection": {
"suboption1": "subvalue1_from_json",
"Read": [
"Data Source=.; Database=Customers_New1; User ID=sa; Password=Passw0rd; MultipleActiveResultSets=True",
"Data Source=ElevenPC; Database=Customers_New2; User ID=sa; Password=Passw0rd; MultipleActiveResultSets=True",
"Data Source=.; Database=Customers_New3; User ID=sa; Password=Passw0rd; MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
]
},
"wizards": [
{
"Name": "Gandalf",
"Age": "1000"
},
{
"Name": "Harry",
"Age": "17"
}
],
"AllowedHosts": "*"
}
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
}
this.Configuration["Option1"]
this.Configuration["subsection:suboption1"]
string[] _SqlConnectionStringRead = this._iConfiguration.GetSection("subsection").GetSection("Read").GetChildren().Select(s => s.Value).ToArray();
二、自帶IOC容器
1.基本使用
- NuGet安裝引用Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
- 實例化容器
- 註冊服務
- 創建一個System.IServiceProvider提供程式
- 創建實例
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
container.AddTransient<Interface,class>();
IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();
_Interface interface = provider.GetService<_Interface>()
2.服務類型
1.container.AddTransient為瞬時生命周期,每次創建都是一個全新的實例
IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
container.AddTransient<Interface,class>();
IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();
_Interface interface = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
_Interface interface2 = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
bool bResult = object.ReferenceEquals(interface, interface2);
//b is false
2.container.AddSingleton單例:全容器都是一個
IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
container.AddSingleton<Interface,class>();
IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();
_Interface interface = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
_Interface interface2 = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
bool bResult = object.ReferenceEquals(interface, interface2);
//b is True
3.container.AddScoped請求單例,一個請求代表一個作用域
IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
container.AddScoped<Interface,class>();
IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();
//創建一個Scope作用域,那麼由這個域創建的實例是獨立的(相較Scope1)
IServiceScope Scope = provider.CreateScope();
//創建一個Scope1作用域,那麼由這個域創建的實例是獨立的
IServiceScope Scope1 = provider.CreateScope();
_Interface interface =Scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<_Interface>();
_Interface interface2 = Scope1.ServiceProvider.GetService<_Interface>();
bool bResult = object.ReferenceEquals(interface, interface2);
//b is false
三、自帶IOC容器(IServiceCollection)基礎
1.生命周期
1.瞬時,即時構造,即時銷毀
services.AddTransient<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>();
2.單例,永遠只構造一次
services.AddSingleton<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();
3.作用域單例,一次請求只構造一個
services.AddScoped<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();
2.實例解析
public TestServiceA()
{
Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");
}
public TestServiceB(ITestServiceA iTestServiceA)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");
}
public TestServiceC(ITestServiceB iTestServiceB)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");
}
public TestServiceD()
{
Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");
}
public TestServiceE(ITestServiceC serviceC)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");
}
//1.A類構造
//2.B類構造需要A類
//3.C類構造需要B類
//4.D類構造
//5.E類構造需要C類
//瞬時
services.AddTransient<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>();
//單例
services.AddSingleton<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();
//作用域單例
services.AddScoped<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();
//瞬時
services.AddTransient<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>();
//瞬時
services.AddTransient<ITestServiceE, TestServiceE>();
第一次請求解析
1.開始構造A類,因為是瞬時生命周期那麼第一次請求就會被構造,然後銷毀
2.在構造B類時需要A類,那麼會首先構造A類(因為A類瞬時上一次已經被銷毀),然後構造B類為單例
3.開始構造C,在構造時需要B類,因為B類全局單例,那就會直接構造C為作用域單例
4.直接構造瞬時D類
5.開始構造E類,構造式需要C類,因為C類為作用域單例,那麼就會直接構造E類為瞬時
第一次請求結論
- 輸出A
- 輸出A,B
- 輸出C
- 輸出D
- 輸出E
第二次請求解析
1.開始構造A類,因為是瞬時生命周期那麼第二次請求就會重新被構造,然後銷毀
2.在構造B類時因為在第一次請求時已經構造為單例,所以不再被構造
3.開始重新構造C,因為C在第二次請求為新的作用域,在構造時需要B類,因為B類全局單例,那就會直接構造C為作用域單例
4.直接構造瞬時D類
5.開始構造E類,構造式需要C類,因為C類為作用域單例,那麼就會直接構造E類為瞬時
第二次請求結論
1.輸出A
2.輸出C
3.輸出D
4.輸出E
如果不想通過構造全部自動注入,能自定義注入
1.using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
2.首先注入 IServiceProvider serviceProvider,利用serviceProcider.GetService
四、利用AutoFac容器替換自帶容器
1.下載Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection和Autofac包
2.在Program網站啟動時替換默認IOC工廠實例為Autofac,UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory())
3.在Startup類中添加方法public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder services){services.RegisterType
//返回值為IServiceProvider
public IServiceProvider ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder services)
{
services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
{
options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
});
services.AddSession();
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
//services.RegisterType<TestServiceE>().As<ITestServiceE>().SingleInstance();
services.RegisterModule<CustomMoudle>();
}
1.批量註冊模組
public class CustomAutofacModule : Module
{
//重新load 添加註冊服務
//可以實現實例控制
//介面約束
protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder)
{
containerBuilder.Register(c => new CustomAutofacAop());
//設置為屬性注入
containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceA>().As<ITestServiceA>().SingleInstance().PropertiesAutowired();
containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceC>().As<ITestServiceC>();
containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceB>().As<ITestServiceB>();
containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceD>().As<ITestServiceD>();
containerBuilder.RegisterType<A>().As<IA>().EnableInterfaceInterceptors();
}
}
五、利用AutoFac實現AOP
1.基本使用
1.NuGet安裝引用Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy
2.引用using Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy;
3.創建類庫繼承自IInterceptor實現介面
4.自定義的Autofac的AOP擴展
//註冊,模組
public class CustomAutofacModule : Module
{
//重新load 添加註冊服務
//可以實現實例控制
//介面約束
protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder)
{
//註冊AOP
containerBuilder.Register(c => new CustomAutofacAop());
//開啟aop擴展
containerBuilder.RegisterType<A>().As<IA>().EnableInterfaceInterceptors();
}
}
public class CustomAutofacAop : IInterceptor
{
public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
{
Console.WriteLine($"invocation.Methond={invocation.Method}");
Console.WriteLine($"invocation.Arguments={string.Join(",", invocation.Arguments)}");
invocation.Proceed(); //繼續執行
Console.WriteLine($"方法{invocation.Method}執行完成了");
}
}