CSS實現三角形 (偽類選擇器)
使用css實現常用的三角效果
項目中三角:
.breadcrumb{ height: 40px; line-height: 40px; padding: 0 20px; border-top: 1px solid #f9c700; .breadcrumb-title{ text-align: center; font-size: @fontC; //通過定義一個偽類after &:after{ position: absolute; content: ''; left: 89px; top: 39px; border-top: 9px solid @colorM; //border-left和border-right換成透明色 才能形成三角形 不然是長方形 border-left: 12px solid transparent; border-right: 12px solid transparent; //background-color: red; } }
詳細講解
實現三角形的方式很多種。比較簡單又比較常用的是利用偽類選擇器,在網頁上也有很多用到這種效果,比如tips資訊提示框。下面是自己寫的實心三角形,原理其實很簡單,程式碼都能看懂。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <style type="text/css"> .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{ width: 150px; height: 100px; background: #CCCCCC; border-radius: 8px; margin: 50px 50px; position: relative; float: left; } .tri_top:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 10px solid transparent; border-right: 10px solid transparent; border-bottom: 10px solid #CCCCCC; position: absolute; top: -10px; left: 65px; } .tri_right:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 10px solid transparent; border-bottom: 10px solid transparent; border-left: 10px solid #CCCCCC; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: 150px; } .tri_bottom:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 10px solid #CCCCCC; border-left: 10px solid transparent; border-right: 10px solid transparent; position: absolute; top: 100px; left: 70px; } .tri_left:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 10px solid transparent; border-bottom: 10px solid transparent; border-right: 10px solid #CCCCCC; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: -10px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="tri_top"></div> <!--三角形在上邊--> <div class="tri_right"></div> <!--三角形在右邊--> <div class="tri_bottom"></div> <!--三角形在底邊--> <div class="tri_left"></div> <!--三角形在左邊--> </body> </html>
空心三角形該怎樣實現呢?看看以下程式碼,你會發現其實程式碼跟實心三角形的程式碼都是差不多。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <style type="text/css"> .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{ width: 150px; height: 100px; border: 1px solid #000000; border-radius: 8px; margin: 50px 50px; position: relative; float: left; } .tri_top:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 15px solid transparent; border-right: 15px solid transparent; border-bottom: 15px solid #000000; position: absolute; top: -15px; left: 65px; } .tri_top:after{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 14px solid transparent; border-right: 14px solid transparent; border-bottom: 14px solid #FFFFFF; position: absolute; top: -14px; left: 66px; } .tri_right:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 15px solid transparent; border-bottom: 15px solid transparent; border-left: 15px solid #000000; position: absolute; top: 39px; left: 150px; } .tri_right:after{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 14px solid transparent; border-bottom: 14px solid transparent; border-left: 14px solid #FFFFFF; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: 149px; } .tri_bottom:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 15px solid #000000; border-left: 15px solid transparent; border-right: 15px solid transparent; position: absolute; top: 101px; left: 69px; } .tri_bottom:after{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 14px solid #FFFFFF; border-left: 14px solid transparent; border-right: 14px solid transparent; position: absolute; top: 100px; left: 70px; } .tri_left:before{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 15px solid transparent; border-bottom: 15px solid transparent; border-right: 15px solid #000000; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: -15px; } .tri_left:after{ content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 14px solid transparent; border-bottom: 14px solid transparent; border-right: 14px solid #FFFFFF; position: absolute; top: 41px; left: -14px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="tri_top"></div> <!--三角形在上邊--> <div class="tri_right"></div> <!--三角形在右邊--> <div class="tri_bottom"></div> <!--三角形在底邊--> <div class="tri_left"></div> <!--三角形在左邊--> </body> </html>
寫在最後的一個道理: 三角形往哪個方向,那個方向無需設置border,而相反方向設置border顏色,相鄰兩邊的border設為透明。這樣就可實現各個方向的三角形。
實心三角形利用CSS中的偽元素· :before實現,再利用border的transparent屬性即可達到效果。而空心三角形是在空心三角形的基礎上再加上偽元素:after實現。偽元素:before實現的是一個實心的三角形,偽元素:after實現的是空心的三角形,進而把實心的三角形覆蓋,利用絕對定位的top與left的差值絕對了三角形線的粗細而達到如圖的效果。