CSS實現三角形 (偽類選擇器)

使用css實現常用的三角效果

項目中三角:

.breadcrumb{
        height: 40px;
        line-height: 40px;
        padding: 0 20px;
        border-top: 1px solid #f9c700;
        .breadcrumb-title{
            text-align: center;
            font-size: @fontC;
            //通過定義一個偽類after
            &:after{
                position: absolute;
                content: '';
                left: 89px;
                top: 39px;
                border-top: 9px solid @colorM;
                //border-left和border-right換成透明色 才能形成三角形 不然是長方形
                border-left: 12px solid transparent;
                border-right: 12px solid transparent;
                //background-color: red;
            }
        }

詳細講解

實現三角形的方式很多種。比較簡單又比較常用的是利用偽類選擇器,在網頁上也有很多用到這種效果,比如tips資訊提示框。下面是自己寫的實心三角形,原理其實很簡單,程式碼都能看懂。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <title></title>
       <style type="text/css">
           .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{
               width: 150px;
               height: 100px;
               background: #CCCCCC;
               border-radius: 8px;
               margin: 50px 50px;
               position: relative;
               float: left;
           }
           .tri_top:before{
               content: "";
               width: 0px;
               height: 0px;
               border-left: 10px solid transparent;
               border-right: 10px solid transparent;
               border-bottom: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
               position: absolute;
               top: -10px;
               left: 65px;
           }
           .tri_right:before{
               content: "";
               width: 0px;
               height: 0px;
               border-top: 10px solid transparent;
               border-bottom: 10px solid transparent;
               border-left: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
               position: absolute;
               top: 40px;
               left: 150px;
           }
           .tri_bottom:before{
               content: "";
               width: 0px;
               height: 0px;
               border-top: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
               border-left: 10px solid transparent;
               border-right: 10px solid transparent;
               position: absolute;
               top: 100px;
               left: 70px;
           }
           .tri_left:before{
               content: "";
               width: 0px;
               height: 0px;
               border-top: 10px solid transparent;
               border-bottom: 10px solid transparent;
               border-right: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
               position: absolute;
               top: 40px;
               left: -10px;
           }
       </style>
   </head>
   <body>
       <div class="tri_top"></div>         <!--三角形在上邊-->
       <div class="tri_right"></div>       <!--三角形在右邊-->
       <div class="tri_bottom"></div>      <!--三角形在底邊-->
       <div class="tri_left"></div>        <!--三角形在左邊-->
   </body>
</html>

空心三角形該怎樣實現呢?看看以下程式碼,你會發現其實程式碼跟實心三角形的程式碼都是差不多。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title></title>
        <style type="text/css">
            .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{
                width: 150px;
                height: 100px;
                border: 1px solid #000000;
                border-radius: 8px;
                margin: 50px 50px;
                position: relative;
                float: left;
            }
            .tri_top:before{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-left: 15px solid transparent;
                border-right: 15px solid transparent;
                border-bottom: 15px solid #000000;
                position: absolute;
                top: -15px;
                left: 65px;
            }
            .tri_top:after{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-left: 14px solid transparent;
                border-right: 14px solid transparent;
                border-bottom: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                position: absolute;
                top: -14px;
                left: 66px;
            }
            .tri_right:before{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-top: 15px solid transparent;
                border-bottom: 15px solid transparent;
                border-left: 15px solid #000000;
                position: absolute;
                top: 39px;
                left: 150px;
            }
            .tri_right:after{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-top: 14px solid transparent;
                border-bottom: 14px solid transparent;
                border-left: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                position: absolute;
                top: 40px;
                left: 149px;
            }
            .tri_bottom:before{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-top: 15px solid #000000;
                border-left: 15px solid transparent;
                border-right: 15px solid transparent;
                position: absolute;
                top: 101px;
                left: 69px;
            }
            .tri_bottom:after{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-top: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                border-left: 14px solid transparent;
                border-right: 14px solid transparent;
                position: absolute;
                top: 100px;
                left: 70px;
            }
            .tri_left:before{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-top: 15px solid transparent;
                border-bottom: 15px solid transparent;
                border-right: 15px solid #000000;
                position: absolute;
                top: 40px;
                left: -15px;
            }
            .tri_left:after{
                content: "";
                width: 0px;
                height: 0px;
                border-top: 14px solid transparent;
                border-bottom: 14px solid transparent;
                border-right: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                position: absolute;
                top: 41px;
                left: -14px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="tri_top"></div>         <!--三角形在上邊-->
        <div class="tri_right"></div>       <!--三角形在右邊-->
        <div class="tri_bottom"></div>      <!--三角形在底邊-->
        <div class="tri_left"></div>        <!--三角形在左邊-->
    </body>
</html>

       寫在最後的一個道理: 三角形往哪個方向,那個方向無需設置border,而相反方向設置border顏色,相鄰兩邊的border設為透明。這樣就可實現各個方向的三角形

       實心三角形利用CSS中的偽元素· :before實現,再利用border的transparent屬性即可達到效果。而空心三角形是在空心三角形的基礎上再加上偽元素:after實現。偽元素:before實現的是一個實心的三角形,偽元素:after實現的是空心的三角形,進而把實心的三角形覆蓋,利用絕對定位的top與left的差值絕對了三角形線的粗細而達到如圖的效果。

 

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