python爬蟲之url中的中文問題
- 2020 年 1 月 8 日
- 筆記
在python的爬蟲學習中,我們的url經常出現中文的問題, 我們想要訪問的url就需要對url進行拼接,變成瀏覽器可以識別的url 在python中已經有了這樣的模組了,這就是urlencode urlencode需要對中文和關鍵字組成一對字典,然後解析成我們的url
在python2中是 urllib.urlencode(keyword) 在Python中是 urllib.parse.urlencode(keyword)
查看一下程式碼: python2
import urllib import urllib2 #例如我們需要在百度上輸入個關鍵字哈士奇進行查詢,但是哈士奇是中文的,我們需要對哈士奇進行編碼 keyword = {"wd":"哈士奇"} head_url = "http://www.baidu.com/s" headers = { "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" } wd = urllib.urlencode(keyword) url = head_url +"?"+ wd req = urllib2.Request(url,headers=headers) response = urllib2.urlopen(req) html = response.read() print(url) print(html.count('哈士奇'))
結果如下:
在python3中:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # File : url中出現的中文問題.py # Author: HuXianyong # Date : 2018-09-13 17:39 from urllib import request import urllib #例如我們需要在百度上輸入個關鍵字哈士奇進行查詢,但是哈士奇是中文的,我們需要對哈士奇進行編碼 keyword = {"wd":"哈士奇"} head_url = "http://www.baidu.com/s" headers = { "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" } wd = urllib.parse.urlencode(keyword) url = head_url +"?"+ wd req = request.Request(url,headers=headers) response = request.urlopen(req) html = response.read() print(html.decode().count("哈士奇")) print(url)
結果如下:
如果需要吧轉換的字元變成中文 可以用unquota
如下: python2
In [25]: dic = {"say":"你好!"} In [26]: urllib.urlencode(dic) Out[26]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21' In [27]: aa = urllib.urlencode(dic) In [28]: aa Out[28]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21' In [29]: bb = urllib.unquote(aa) In [30]: bb Out[30]: 'say=xe4xbdxa0xe5xa5xbd!' In [31]: print(bb) say=你好!
python3
In [16]: dic = {"say":"你好!"} In [17]: aa = urllib.parse.urlencode(dic) In [18]: aa Out[18]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21' In [19]: bb = urllib.parse.unquote(aa) In [20]: bb Out[20]: 'say=你好!'
但是如果我們的是post請求數據需要加在data裡面這樣就還需要對data做處理,不然會報字元串的錯:
TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str.
這樣的解決方法是需要加上個編碼 data = urllib.parse.urlencode(formData).encode(encoding="UTF8")
程式碼如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # File : Ajax爬取豆瓣電影列表.py # Author: HuXianyong # Date : 2018-09-14 14:35 import urllib from urllib import request url = "https://movie.douban.com/j/new_search_subjects?" headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" } formData = { "sort": "S", "range": "0,10", "tags": "電影,魔幻", "start": "0", "genres": "劇情" } data = urllib.parse.urlencode(formData).encode(encoding="UTF8") req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers) response = request.urlopen(req) move_info = response.read().decode() print(response.read().decode())
