iSCSI 伺服器搭建
一、簡介
- SCSI（Small Computer System Interface），小型電腦系統介面，是一種用於電腦及其周邊設備之間（硬碟、軟碟機、光碟機、印表機、掃描儀等）系統級介面的獨立處理器標準。SCSI 標準定義命令、通訊協議以及實體的電氣特性（換成 OSI 的說法，就是佔據物理層、鏈接層、套接層、應用層），最大部分的應用是在存儲設備上（例如硬碟、磁帶機），除外，SCSI 可以連接的設備包括有掃描儀、光學設備（像 CD、DVD）、印表機等等，SCSI 命令中有條列出支援的設備 SCSI 周邊設備。理論上，SCSI 不可能連接所有的設備，所以有「1Fh – unknown or no device type」這個參數存在
- iSCSI（Internet Small Computer System Interface，發音為
/ˈаɪskʌzi/），Internet 小型電腦系統介面，又稱為 IP-SAN，是一種基於網際網路及 SCSI-3 協議下的存儲技術，由 IETF 提出，並於 2003 年 2 月 11 日成為正式的標準。與傳統的 SCSI 技術比較起來，iSCSI 技術有以下三個革命性的變化：- 把原來只用於本機的 SCSI 協議透過 TCP/IP 網路發送，使連接距離可作無限的地域延伸
- 連接的伺服器數量無限（原來的 SCSI-3 的上限是 15）
- 由於是伺服器架構，因此也可以實現在線擴容以至動態部署
- 個人理解：
- iscsi 的存儲單元表現為硬碟的形式（網路硬碟）
- SMB 和 NFS 服務是基於文件系統的數據共享，而 iscsi 基於整體的存儲塊，要使用該存儲單元需要客戶端通過 TCP/IP 協議遠程連接，並映射為本地磁碟
二、服務端配置
1. 準備存儲空間
- 硬碟形式：VMware 中編輯虛擬機設置，添加一塊硬碟（
/dev/sdb）
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk # 新添加的硬碟
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
$
- 文件形式：
dd申請空間
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/disk.img bs=1024k count=512
記錄了512+0 的讀入
記錄了512+0 的寫出
536870912位元組(537 MB)已複製，2.49767 秒，215 MB/秒
$ ls -lh /opt/
總用量 512M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 512M 9月 27 09:45 disk.img
2. 安裝 iscsi 服務端
$ yum install targetd targetcli -y
# 創建iscsi磁碟
$ targetcli
targetcli shell version 2.1.53
/> ls
o- / ................................................................................... [...]
o- backstores ........................................................................ [...]
| o- block ............................................................ [Storage Objects: 0] # 存放硬碟
| o- fileio ........................................................... [Storage Objects: 0] # 存放文件
| o- pscsi ............................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
| o- ramdisk .......................................................... [Storage Objects: 0]
o- iscsi ...................................................................... [Targets: 0]
o- loopback ................................................................... [Targets: 0]
/> /backstores/block create idisk1 /dev/sdb
Created block storage object idisk1 using /dev/sdb.
/> /backstores/fileio create idisk2 /opt/disk.img
Created fileio idisk2 with size 536870912
/> ls
o- / ................................................................................... [...]
o- backstores ........................................................................ [...]
| o- block ............................................................ [Storage Objects: 1]
| | o- idisk1 ................................... [/dev/sdb (1.0GiB) write-thru deactivated]
| | o- alua ............................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
| | o- default_tg_pt_gp ................................. [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
| o- fileio ........................................................... [Storage Objects: 1]
| | o- idisk2 ............................ [/opt/disk.img (512.0MiB) write-back deactivated]
| | o- alua ............................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
| | o- default_tg_pt_gp ................................. [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
| o- pscsi ............................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
| o- ramdisk .......................................................... [Storage Objects: 0]
o- iscsi ...................................................................... [Targets: 0]
o- loopback ................................................................... [Targets: 0]
# 創建服務端程式
/> /iscsi create iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server
Created target iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server.
Created TPG 1.
Global pref auto_add_default_portal=true
Created default portal listening on all IPs (0.0.0.0), port 3260.
/> ls
o- / ................................................................................... [...]
o- backstores ........................................................................ [...]
| o- block ............................................................ [Storage Objects: 1]
| | o- idisk1 ................................... [/dev/sdb (1.0GiB) write-thru deactivated]
| | o- alua ............................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
| | o- default_tg_pt_gp ................................. [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
| o- fileio ........................................................... [Storage Objects: 1]
| | o- idisk2 ............................ [/opt/disk.img (512.0MiB) write-back deactivated]
| | o- alua ............................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
| | o- default_tg_pt_gp ................................. [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
| o- pscsi ............................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
| o- ramdisk .......................................................... [Storage Objects: 0]
o- iscsi ...................................................................... [Targets: 1]
| o- iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server ................................................... [TPGs: 1]
| o- tpg1 ......................................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
| o- acls .................................................................... [ACLs: 0] # 創建客戶端連接器
| o- luns .................................................................... [LUNs: 0] # 創建服務卷
| o- portals .............................................................. [Portals: 1]
| o- 0.0.0.0:3260 ............................................................... [OK]
o- loopback ................................................................... [Targets: 0]
# 創建服務卷：磁碟做成服務卷才能被客戶端識別
/> cd /iscsi/iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server/tpg1/
/iscsi/iqn.20...c:server/tpg1> luns/ create /backstores/block/idisk1
Created LUN 0.
/iscsi/iqn.20...c:server/tpg1> luns/ create /backstores/fileio/idisk2
Created LUN 1.
/iscsi/iqn.20...c:server/tpg1> ls
o- tpg1 ............................................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
o- acls .......................................................................... [ACLs: 0]
o- luns .......................................................................... [LUNs: 2]
| o- lun0 ..................................... [block/idisk1 (/dev/sdb) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
| o- lun1 ............................... [fileio/idisk2 (/opt/disk.img) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
o- portals .................................................................... [Portals: 1]
o- 0.0.0.0:3260 ..................................................................... [OK]
# 創建客戶端連接器（啟用chap認證：驗證客戶端身份）
/iscsi/iqn.20...c:server/tpg1> acls/ create iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:client
Created Node ACL for iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:client
Created mapped LUN 1.
Created mapped LUN 0.
/iscsi/iqn.20...c:server/tpg1> cd acls/iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:client/
/iscsi/iqn.20...pip.cc:client> set auth userid=test
Parameter userid is now 'test'.
/iscsi/iqn.20...pip.cc:client> set auth password=112233445566 # 密碼要在[12,16]範圍內
Parameter password is now '112233445566'.
/iscsi/iqn.20...pip.cc:client> exit
Global pref auto_save_on_exit=true
Configuration saved to /etc/target/saveconfig.json
# 啟動targetd服務
$ systemctl restart targetd
$ systemctl enable targetd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/targetd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/targetd.service.
$ ss -anpt | grep 3260
LISTEN 0 256 *:3260 *:*
三、客戶端配置
1. Linux 客戶端
# 安裝客戶端程式 iscsi-initiator-utils
$ yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
$ ls /etc/iscsi/
initiatorname.iscsi iscsid.conf
$ vi /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:client # 定義客戶端連接器名稱
$ vi /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
node.session.auth.authmethod = CHAP # 啟用chap認證
node.session.auth.username = test
node.session.auth.password = 112233445566
# 啟動iscsid服務
$ systemctl restart iscsid
$ systemctl enable iscsid
# 發現存儲伺服器
$ iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.11.60
192.168.11.60:3260,1 iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server
# 登錄存儲伺服器
$ iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server -p 192.168.11.60 --login
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server, portal: 192.168.11.60,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2021-09.pip.cc:server, portal: 192.168.11.60,3260] successful.
# 使用
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk # *
sdc 8:32 0 512M 0 disk # *
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
2. Windows 客戶端
- 打開：
控制面板 / 所有控制面板項 / 管理工具 / iSCSI 發起程式
配置：
連接方式一：
連接方式二：
配置卷：
