詳細講講netty的pipiline!

前言

提到 Netty 首當其衝被提起的肯定是支援它承受高並發的執行緒模型,說到執行緒模型就不得不提到 NioEventLoopGroup 這個執行緒池,接下來進入正題。

執行緒模型

首先來看一段 Netty 的使用示例

package com.coding.server;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public final class SimpleServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new SimpleServerHandler())
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        }
                    });

            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8888).sync();

            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    private static class SimpleServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("channelActive");
        }

        @Override
        public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("channelRegistered");
        }

        @Override
        public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("handlerAdded");
        }
    }
}

下面將分析第一、二行程式碼,看下 NioEventLoopGroup 類的構造函數幹了些什麼。其餘的部分將在其他博文中分析。

EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

從程式碼中可以看到這裡使用了兩個執行緒池 bossGroup 和 workerGroup,那麼為什麼需要定義兩個執行緒池呢?這就要說到 Netty 的執行緒模型了。

Netty 的執行緒模型被稱為 Reactor 模型,具體如圖所示,圖上的 mainReactor 指的就是 bossGroup,這個執行緒池處理客戶端的連接請求,並將 accept 的連接註冊到 subReactor 的其中一個執行緒上;圖上的 subReactor 當然指的就是 workerGroup,負責處理已建立的客戶端通道上的數據讀寫;圖上還有一塊 ThreadPool 是具體的處理業務邏輯的執行緒池,一般情況下可以復用 subReactor,比我的項目中就是這種用法,但官方建議處理一些較為耗時的業務時還是要使用單獨的 ThreadPool。

NioEventLoopGroup 構造函數

public NioEventLoopGroup() {
    this(0);
}

public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads) {
    this(nThreads, null);
}

public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    this(nThreads, threadFactory, SelectorProvider.provider());
}

public NioEventLoopGroup(
        int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory, final SelectorProvider selectorProvider) {
    super(nThreads, threadFactory, selectorProvider);
}

NioEventLoopGroup 類中的構造函數最終都是調用的父類 MultithreadEventLoopGroup 如下的構造函數:

protected MultithreadEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory, Object... args) {
    super(nThreads == 0? DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS : nThreads, threadFactory, args);
}

從上面的構造函數可以得到 如果使用EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup()來創建對象,即不指定執行緒個數,則 netty 給我們使用默認的執行緒個數,如果指定則用我們指定的執行緒個數。

默認執行緒個數相關的程式碼如下:

static {
    DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS = Math.max(1, SystemPropertyUtil.getInt(
            "io.netty.eventLoopThreads", Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2));

    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("-Dio.netty.eventLoopThreads: {}", DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS);
    }
}

而 SystemPropertyUtil.getInt 函數的功能為:得到系統屬性中指定 key(這裡:key =」io.netty.eventLoopThreads」)所對應的 value,如果獲取不到獲取失敗則返回默認值,這裡的默認值為:cpu 的核數的2倍。

結論:如果沒有設置程式啟動參數(或者說沒有指定 key=」io.netty.eventLoopThreads」的屬性值),那麼默認情況下執行緒的個數為 cpu 的核數乘以 2。

繼續看,由於 MultithreadEventLoopGroup 的構造函數是調用的是其父類 MultithreadEventExecutorGroup 的構造函數,因此,看下此類的構造函數

protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory, Object... args) {
    if (nThreads <= 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("nThreads: %d (expected: > 0)", nThreads));
    }

    if (threadFactory == null) {
        threadFactory = newDefaultThreadFactory();
    }

    children = new SingleThreadEventExecutor[nThreads];
    //根據執行緒個數是否為2的冪次方,採用不同策略初始化chooser
    if (isPowerOfTwo(children.length)) {
        chooser = new PowerOfTwoEventExecutorChooser();
    } else {
        chooser = new GenericEventExecutorChooser();
    }
        //產生nTreads個NioEventLoop對象保存在children數組中
    for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i ++) {
        boolean success = false;
        try {
            children[i] = newChild(threadFactory, args);
            success = true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: Think about if this is a good exception type
            throw new IllegalStateException("failed to create a child event loop", e);
        } finally {
                //如果newChild方法執行失敗,則對前面執行new成功的幾個NioEventLoop進行shutdown處理
            if (!success) {
                for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
                    children[j].shutdownGracefully();
                }

                for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
                    EventExecutor e = children[j];
                    try {
                        while (!e.isTerminated()) {
                            e.awaitTermination(Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                        }
                    } catch (InterruptedException interrupted) {
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

該構造函數幹了如下三件事:

  1. 產生了一個執行緒工場:threadFactory = newDefaultThreadFactory();

MultithreadEventExecutorGroup類

protected ThreadFactory newDefaultThreadFactory() {
    return new DefaultThreadFactory(getClass());//getClass()為:NioEventLoopGroup.class
}

DefaultThreadFactory類

public DefaultThreadFactory(Class<?> poolType) {
    this(poolType, false, Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
}
  1. 根據執行緒個數是否為 2 的冪次方,採用不同策略初始化 chooser
private static boolean isPowerOfTwo(int val) {
    return (val & -val) == val;
}
  1. 產生 nTreads 個 NioEventLoop 對象保存在 children 數組中 ,執行緒都是通過調用 newChild 方法來產生的。
@Override
protected EventExecutor newChild(
        ThreadFactory threadFactory, Object... args) throws Exception {
    return new NioEventLoop(this, threadFactory, (SelectorProvider) args[0]);
}

這裡傳給 NioEventLoop 構造函數的參數為:NioEventLoopGroup、DefaultThreadFactory、SelectorProvider。

NioEventLoop 構造函數分析

既然上面提到來 new 一個 NioEventLoop 對象,下面我們就看下這個類以及其父類。

NioEventLoop(NioEventLoopGroup parent, ThreadFactory threadFactory, SelectorProvider selectorProvider) {
    super(parent, threadFactory, false);
    if (selectorProvider == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("selectorProvider");
    }
    provider = selectorProvider;
    selector = openSelector();
}

繼續看父類 SingleThreadEventLoop 的構造函數

protected SingleThreadEventLoop(EventLoopGroup parent, ThreadFactory threadFactory, boolean addTaskWakesUp) {
    super(parent, threadFactory, addTaskWakesUp);
}

又是直接調用來父類 SingleThreadEventExecutor 的構造函數,繼續看

protected SingleThreadEventExecutor(
        EventExecutorGroup parent, ThreadFactory threadFactory, boolean addTaskWakesUp) {

    if (threadFactory == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("threadFactory");
    }

    this.parent = parent;
    this.addTaskWakesUp = addTaskWakesUp;//false

    thread = threadFactory.newThread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            boolean success = false;
            updateLastExecutionTime();
            try {
            //調用NioEventLoop類的run方法
                SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run();
                success = true;
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                logger.warn("Unexpected exception from an event executor: ", t);
            } finally {
                for (;;) {
                    int oldState = STATE_UPDATER.get(SingleThreadEventExecutor.this);
                    if (oldState >= ST_SHUTTING_DOWN || STATE_UPDATER.compareAndSet(
                            SingleThreadEventExecutor.this, oldState, ST_SHUTTING_DOWN)) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                // Check if confirmShutdown() was called at the end of the loop.
                if (success && gracefulShutdownStartTime == 0) {
                    logger.error(
                            "Buggy " + EventExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + " implementation; " +
                            SingleThreadEventExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + ".confirmShutdown() must be called " +
                            "before run() implementation terminates.");
                }

                try {
                    // Run all remaining tasks and shutdown hooks.
                    for (;;) {
                        if (confirmShutdown()) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } finally {
                    try {
                        cleanup();
                    } finally {
                        STATE_UPDATER.set(SingleThreadEventExecutor.this, ST_TERMINATED);
                        threadLock.release();
                        if (!taskQueue.isEmpty()) {
                            logger.warn(
                                    "An event executor terminated with " +
                                    "non-empty task queue (" + taskQueue.size() + ')');
                        }

                        terminationFuture.setSuccess(null);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    });

    taskQueue = newTaskQueue();
}
protected Queue<Runnable> newTaskQueue() {
    return new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
}

主要干如下兩件事:

  1. 利用 ThreadFactory 創建來一個 Thread,傳入了一個 Runnable 對象,該 Runnable 重寫的 run 程式碼比較長,不過重點僅僅是調用 NioEventLoop 類的 run 方法。

  2. 使用 LinkedBlockingQueue 類初始化 taskQueue 。

其中newThread 方法的程式碼如下:

DefaultThreadFactory類

@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
    Thread t = newThread(new DefaultRunnableDecorator(r), prefix + nextId.incrementAndGet());

    try {
    //判斷是否是守護執行緒,並進行設置
        if (t.isDaemon()) {
            if (!daemon) {
                t.setDaemon(false);
            }
        } else {
            if (daemon) {
                t.setDaemon(true);
            }
        }
            //設置其優先順序
        if (t.getPriority() != priority) {
            t.setPriority(priority);
        }
    } catch (Exception ignored) {
        // Doesn't matter even if failed to set.
    }
    return t;
}

protected Thread newThread(Runnable r, String name) {
    return new FastThreadLocalThread(r, name);
}

FastThreadLocalThread類

public FastThreadLocalThread(Runnable target, String name) {
    super(target, name);// FastThreadLocalThread extends Thread
}

到這裡,可以看到底層還是藉助於類似於Thread thread = new Thread(r)這種方式來創建執行緒。

關於NioEventLoop對象可以得到的點有,初始化了如下4個屬性。

  1. NioEventLoopGroup (在父類SingleThreadEventExecutor中)

  2. selector

  3. provider

  4. thread (在父類SingleThreadEventExecutor中)

結束

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