PyVista:一款Python的三維可視化軟體
技術背景
三維可視化是一項在工業領域中非常重要的技術,而Python中最熱門的可視化工具matplotlib和plotly,更加傾向於在數據領域的可視化,用於展現數據的結果。類似的還有百度的pyechart也相對美觀,但是這些畢竟都是在數據層面的可視化,對於工業領域,比如一個地形,一個三維的期間等等,用這些工具來做可視化效果非常的不佳,因此我找到了pyvista這個工具,簡單摸索了一下給大家做個引薦。
安裝pyvista
因為pyvista及其依賴都是一些python庫,這就使得我們可以用pip直接簡單的安裝,這裡放幾個可能用到的依賴的安裝流程:
(base) dechin@ubuntu2004:~/projects$ python3 -m pip install vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0
Collecting vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0
Downloading vtk-9.0.20210612.dev0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (80.9 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 80.9 MB 3.7 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: wslink>=0.1.3 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (0.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: Twisted>=17.5.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (21.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib>=2.0.0 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (3.3.4)
Requirement already satisfied: autobahn>=17.7.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (21.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: cryptography>=3.4.6 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (3.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: txaio>=21.2.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (21.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: hyperlink>=21.0.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (21.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: cffi>=1.12 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cryptography>=3.4.6->autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (1.14.5)
Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cffi>=1.12->cryptography>=3.4.6->autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (2.20)
Requirement already satisfied: idna>=2.5 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from hyperlink>=21.0.0->autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (2.10)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.1 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (2.8.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (8.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.0.1 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (1.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.15 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (1.20.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.3 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (2.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (0.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cycler>=0.10->matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (1.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=4.4.2 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (5.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (21.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: constantly>=15.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (15.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: Automat>=0.8.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (20.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: incremental>=16.10.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (21.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from zope.interface>=4.4.2->Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk==9.0.20210612.dev0) (52.0.0.post20210125)
Installing collected packages: vtk
Attempting uninstall: vtk
Found existing installation: vtk 9.0.2
Uninstalling vtk-9.0.2:
Successfully uninstalled vtk-9.0.2
Successfully installed vtk-9.0.20210612.dev0
安裝pyvista的時候最好加上一個中國的鏡像源,否則有可能出現網路問題,其他的包不需要加鏡像源:
(base) dechin@ubuntu2004:~/projects$ python3 -m pip install pyvista --trusted-host //repo.huaweicloud.com -i //repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple
Looking in indexes: //repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple
Collecting pyvista
Downloading //repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/packages/ec/00/292dc2f14247d74098806dcb9e1bb0c416b936c145ca9ab4e940b6f90d4f/pyvista-0.31.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.3 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.3 MB 2.7 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: imageio in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pyvista) (2.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pyvista) (1.20.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pyvista) (8.2.0)
Collecting scooby>=0.5.1
Downloading //repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/packages/1b/99/db6d34bdc3f060d631f524c2f0fc4b1919cd3bf734c905fc1b25eb847ac2/scooby-0.5.7-py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting transforms3d==0.3.1
Downloading //repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/packages/b5/f7/e85809168a548a854d7c1331560c27b4f5381698d29c12e57759192b2bc1/transforms3d-0.3.1.tar.gz (62 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 62 kB 2.2 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: vtk in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pyvista) (9.0.20210612.dev0)
Requirement already satisfied: appdirs in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pyvista) (1.4.4)
Collecting meshio<5.0,>=4.0.3
Downloading //repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/packages/bb/36/02702cfc5fdf19e6477ea2a78cac4a774a8da4c2cf9557f3ddfb33c74192/meshio-4.4.6-py3-none-any.whl (158 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 158 kB 2.7 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: autobahn>=17.7.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk->pyvista) (21.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: wslink>=0.1.3 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk->pyvista) (0.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib>=2.0.0 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk->pyvista) (3.3.4)
Requirement already satisfied: Twisted>=17.5.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from vtk->pyvista) (21.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: txaio>=21.2.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk->pyvista) (21.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: cryptography>=3.4.6 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk->pyvista) (3.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: hyperlink>=21.0.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk->pyvista) (21.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: cffi>=1.12 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cryptography>=3.4.6->autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk->pyvista) (1.14.5)
Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cffi>=1.12->cryptography>=3.4.6->autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk->pyvista) (2.20)
Requirement already satisfied: idna>=2.5 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from hyperlink>=21.0.0->autobahn>=17.7.1->vtk->pyvista) (2.10)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.1 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk->pyvista) (2.8.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.3 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk->pyvista) (2.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk->pyvista) (0.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.0.1 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk->pyvista) (1.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cycler>=0.10->matplotlib>=2.0.0->vtk->pyvista) (1.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=4.4.2 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk->pyvista) (5.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk->pyvista) (21.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: constantly>=15.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk->pyvista) (15.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: Automat>=0.8.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk->pyvista) (20.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: incremental>=16.10.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk->pyvista) (21.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from zope.interface>=4.4.2->Twisted>=17.5.0->vtk->pyvista) (52.0.0.post20210125)
Building wheels for collected packages: transforms3d
Building wheel for transforms3d (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for transforms3d: filename=transforms3d-0.3.1-py3-none-any.whl size=59373 sha256=56293f06c7932f3c12d57476773220d4219d8a978257f84bf56f4a8be8cccb2b
Stored in directory: /home/dechin/.cache/pip/wheels/45/80/2d/22eb03277c315a020a6fdb617cc1232ef4ddc04dc2f00b8a22
Successfully built transforms3d
Installing collected packages: transforms3d, scooby, meshio, pyvista
Successfully installed meshio-4.4.6 pyvista-0.31.3 scooby-0.5.7 transforms3d-0.3.1
另外還有這個三維可交互面板繪製的插件:
(base) dechin@ubuntu2004:~/projects$ python3 -m pip install ipygany
Collecting ipygany
Using cached ipygany-0.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (2.9 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipygany) (1.20.2)
Requirement already satisfied: traittypes in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipygany) (0.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: ipywidgets>=7.6.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipygany) (7.6.3)
Requirement already satisfied: ipython>=4.0.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (7.22.0)
Requirement already satisfied: ipykernel>=4.5.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (5.3.4)
Requirement already satisfied: widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (3.5.1)
Requirement already satisfied: jupyterlab-widgets>=1.0.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (1.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: traitlets>=4.3.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (5.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: nbformat>=4.2.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (5.1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: jupyter-client in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipykernel>=4.5.1->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (6.1.12)
Requirement already satisfied: tornado>=4.2 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipykernel>=4.5.1->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (6.1)
Requirement already satisfied: backcall in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pygments in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (2.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (3.0.17)
Requirement already satisfied: decorator in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (4.4.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pexpect>4.3 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (4.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied: jedi>=0.16 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.17.2)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=18.5 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (52.0.0.post20210125)
Requirement already satisfied: pickleshare in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.7.5)
Requirement already satisfied: parso<0.8.0,>=0.7.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from jedi>=0.16->ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: jupyter-core in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbformat>=4.2.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (4.7.1)
Requirement already satisfied: jsonschema!=2.5.0,>=2.4 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbformat>=4.2.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (3.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: ipython-genutils in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbformat>=4.2.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.11.0 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from jsonschema!=2.5.0,>=2.4->nbformat>=4.2.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (1.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyrsistent>=0.14.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from jsonschema!=2.5.0,>=2.4->nbformat>=4.2.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.17.3)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=17.4.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from jsonschema!=2.5.0,>=2.4->nbformat>=4.2.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (21.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: ptyprocess>=0.5 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pexpect>4.3->ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: wcwidth in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython>=4.0.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.2.5)
Requirement already satisfied: notebook>=4.4.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (6.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyzmq>=17 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (20.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: Send2Trash>=1.5.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (1.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: terminado>=0.8.3 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.9.4)
Requirement already satisfied: argon2-cffi in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (20.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: nbconvert in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (6.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: jinja2 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (3.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: prometheus-client in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.1 in /home/dechin/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from jupyter-client->ipykernel>=4.5.1->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (2.8.1)
Requirement already satisfied: cffi>=1.0.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from argon2-cffi->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (1.14.5)
Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cffi>=1.0.0->argon2-cffi->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (2.20)
Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=2.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from jinja2->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (2.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: entrypoints>=0.2.2 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbconvert->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pandocfilters>=1.4.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbconvert->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (1.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: testpath in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbconvert->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: nbclient<0.6.0,>=0.5.0 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbconvert->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.5.3)
Requirement already satisfied: jupyterlab-pygments in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbconvert->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.1.2)
Requirement already satisfied: mistune<2,>=0.8.1 in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbconvert->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.8.4)
Requirement already satisfied: defusedxml in /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from nbconvert->notebook>=4.4.1->widgetsnbextension~=3.5.0->ipywidgets>=7.6.0->ipygany) (0.7.1)
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Installing collected packages: ipygany
Successfully installed ipygany-0.5.0
以及一個基於pyqt的一個彈出式繪圖插件:
(base) dechin@ubuntu2004:~/projects$ python3 -m pip install pyvistaqt
Collecting pyvistaqt
Downloading pyvistaqt-0.5.0-py3-none-any.whl (162 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 162 kB 1.1 MB/s
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Installing collected packages: pyvistaqt
Successfully installed pyvistaqt-0.5.0
到這裡為止,我們所需要的插件就基本上安裝完成了。
案例測試
到這裡為止我們就可以看下這個庫的運行效果。
畫單個球體
首先執行一個畫球的簡單案例,這裡一般都是在jupyter notebook上實現的,pyvista對於jupyter notebook有較好的支援。
import pyvista as pv
sphere = pv.Sphere()
sphere.plot(jupyter_backend='static')
運行的效果如下:
pyvistaqt案例
這裡是一個官方提供的彈出式窗口的繪圖方案:
from threading import Thread
import time
import numpy as np
import pyvista as pv
import pyvistaqt as pvqt
from pyvista import examples
globe = examples.load_globe()
globe.point_arrays['scalars'] = np.random.rand(globe.n_points)
globe.set_active_scalars('scalars')
plotter = pvqt.BackgroundPlotter()
plotter.add_mesh(globe, lighting=False, show_edges=True, texture=True, scalars='scalars')
plotter.view_isometric()
# shrink globe in the background
def shrink():
for i in range(50):
globe.points *= 0.95
# Update scalars
globe.point_arrays['scalars'] = np.random.rand(globe.n_points)
time.sleep(0.5)
thread = Thread(target=shrink)
thread.start()
執行後會彈出一個pyqt的窗口如下所示:
這個圖其實是一個動態圖,但是qt的這個方案似乎不能在介面上直接導出gif,這一點比較可惜。不過在pyvista的介面文檔中,其實是包含導出gif影片和mp4影片的,相關介面可以參考:GIF生成示例和MP4生成示例這兩個案例。
多模組可視化
在pyvista裡面可以用MultiBlock將相關的模組都集成起來,比如這個案例中集成了兩個球體,其實使用的方法也很簡單,就是把創建的對象歸納到一個列表中:
import pyvista as pv
sphere1 = pv.Sphere(radius=0.1, center=(0, 0, 0))
sphere2 = pv.Sphere(radius=0.1, center=(0, 0, 1))
data = [sphere1,sphere2]
blocks = pv.MultiBlock(data)
blocks.plot(jupyter_backend='static',show_axes=1)
生成的結果如下圖所示:
需要注意的是,因為這裡都還是靜態圖片,三維的視角不可以調整,因此如果坐標設置不當的話,有可能導致兩個球體的視角剛好重合,看起來就只有一個球體。
多模組可視化耗時
基於上述的MultiBlock,我們可以很方便的生成一大堆的數據,但是這裡可視化的速率也是我們不得不考慮的一個因素,所以這裡我們嘗試一個1000個球體的可視化,並輸出時間:
import pyvista as pv
import numpy as np
import time
start_time=time.time()
data = [pv.Sphere(radius=0.01, center=(np.random.random(), np.random.random(), np.random.random())) for i in range(1000)]
blocks = pv.MultiBlock(data)
blocks.plot(jupyter_backend='static',show_axes=1)
end_time=time.time()
print ('The time cost of ploting {} spheres is: {}s'.format(len(data),end_time-start_time))
生成的結果如下:
經過過程統計,耗時將近10s。
The time cost of ploting 1000 spheres is: 9.896512746810913s
這其實是一個比較慢的速度,讓人有點擔憂啊,對於一些幾十萬的體系,那可視化時間不得沖一天去了,這還不包含中間的時間戳。
動態畫板
這裡要用到我們之前安裝的一個插件ipygany,可以在jupyter notebook中顯示出來一個動態的畫板,這樣我們就可以用滑鼠去拖動這個三維圖,可以看不同的視角,如下是一個簡單的單球體案例:
import pyvista as pv
sphere = pv.Sphere()
plotter = pv.Plotter(notebook=True)
plotter.add_mesh(sphere)
plotter.show(jupyter_backend='ipygany')
可視化效果圖大概這樣,只有在jupyter notebook中才能看到效果:
最後補充一個自己寫的簡單案例,可以在面板上畫兩個不同位置的三維球,使用方法是直接將兩個對象加起來,這個就是python中一些魔法函數的優勢了,非常的人性化:
import pyvista as pv
plotter = pv.Plotter(notebook=True)
plotter.add_mesh(pv.Sphere(radius=0.3,center=(0,0,0))+pv.Sphere(radius=0.3,center=(0,0,1)))
plotter.show(jupyter_backend='ipygany')
可視化的效果大概如下:
那麼到這裡,需要將的基本用例就介紹完成,後續更多的功能,大家可以自行探索。
總結概要
本文通過對pyvista這一相對「冷門」的python三維可視化工具的摸索,總結了安裝與基本的使用示例,包括單模組、多模組、靜態圖、動態畫板、gif和mp4影片的導出等。總體來說pyvista是一款渲染效果很棒的可視化軟體,但是性能相對來說沒有那麼可觀,對於規模不大的體系還是一個非常好用的工具,推薦使用。
版權聲明
本文首發鏈接為://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/p/pyvista.html
作者ID:DechinPhy
更多原著文章請參考://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/
打賞專用鏈接://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/gallery/image/379634.html
騰訊雲專欄同步://cloud.tencent.com/developer/column/91958