MySQL之delete user和drop user 的區別

  • 2019 年 11 月 6 日
  • 筆記

MySQL之delete user和drop user 的區別

Tip:在MySQL中,我們經常需要創建用戶和刪除用戶,創建用戶時,我們一般使用create user或者grant語句來創建,create語法創建的用戶沒有任何許可權,需要再使用grant語法來分配許可權,而grant語法創建的用戶直接擁有所分配的許可權。在一些測試用戶創建完成之後,做完測試,可能用戶的生命周期就結束了,需要將用戶刪除,而刪除用戶在MySQL中一般有兩種方法,一種是drop user,另外一種是delete from mysql.user,那麼這兩種方法有什麼區別呢?我們這裡通過例子演示。

首先,我們看看delete from mysql.user的方法。我們創建兩個用戶用來測試,測試環境是MySQL5.5版本,用戶名分別為yeyz@'%'和yeyz@'localhost',創建用戶的語法如下:

mysql 15:13:12>>create user yeyz@'%' identified by '123456';  Query OK,  rows affected (. sec)  mysql 15:20:01>>grant select,create,update,delete on yeyz.yeyz to yeyz@'%';  Query OK,  rows affected (. sec)  mysql 15:29:48>>GRANT USAGE ON yeyz.yeyz TO 'yeyz'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  Query OK,  rows affected (. sec)  [email protected]:(none) 15:20:39>>show grants for yeyz@'%';  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  | Grants for yeyz@%                                                                                   |  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'yeyz'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |  | GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE ON `yeyz`.`yeyz` TO 'yeyz'@'%'                                 |  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  

此時我們通過delete的方法手動刪除mysql.user表中的這兩個用戶,在去查看用戶表,我們發現:

mysql 15:20:43>>delete from mysql.user where user='yeyz';  Query OK,  rows affected (. sec)    mysql 15:21:40>>select user,host from mysql.user;  +------------------+-----------------+  | user             | host            |  +------------------+-----------------+  | dba_yeyz         | localhost       |  | root             | localhost       |  | tkadmin          | localhost       |  +------------------+-----------------+   rows in set (. sec)  

已經沒有這兩個yeyz的用戶了,此時我們使用show grants for命令查看剛才刪除的用戶,我們發現依舊是存在這個用戶的許可權說明的:

mysql 15:24:21>>show grants for yeyz@'%';  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  | Grants for yeyz@%                                                                                   |  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'yeyz'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |  | GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE ON `yeyz`.`yeyz` TO 'yeyz'@'%'                                 |  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+   rows in set (0.00 sec)  

說明我們雖然從mysql.user表裡面刪除了這個用戶,但是在db表和許可權表裡面這個用戶還是存在的,為了驗證這個結論,我們重新創建一個yeyz@localhost的用戶,這個用戶我們只給它usage許可權,其他的許可權我們不配置,如下:

mysql ::>>GRANT USAGE ON yeyz.yeyz TO 'yeyz'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  Query OK,  rows affected (. sec)  

這個時候,我們使用yeyz@localhost這個用戶去登陸資料庫服務,然後進行相關的update操作,如下:

[dba_mysql@tk-dba-mysql-stat-- ~]$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uyeyz --socket=/data/mysql_4306/tmp/mysql.sock --port= -p -hlocalhost  Enter password:  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.  Your MySQL connection id is  Server version: 5.5.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)    Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  owners.    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.    mysql--yeyz@localhost:(none) 15:31:05>>select * from yeyz.yeyz;  +------+  | id   |  +------+  |    3 |  |    4 |  |    5 |  +------+   rows in set (. sec)    mysql--yeyz@localhost:(none) 15:31:16>>delete from yeyz.yeyz where id=;  Query OK,  row affected (. sec)    mysql--yeyz@localhost:(none) 15:31:32>>select * from yeyz.yeyz;  +------+  | id   |  +------+  |    3 |  |    4 |  +------+   rows in set (. sec)  

最終出現的結果可想而知,一個usage許可權的用戶,對資料庫總的表進行了update操作,而且還成功了。這一切得益於我們delete from mysql.user的操作,這種操作雖然從user表裡面刪除了記錄,但是當這條記錄的host是%時,如果重新創建一個同名的新用戶,此時新用戶將會繼承以前的用戶許可權,從而使得用戶許可權控制失效,這是很危險的操作,盡量不要執行。

再開看看drop的方法刪除用戶

首先,我們刪除掉剛才的那兩個用戶,然後使用show grants for語句查看他們的許可權:

mysql ::>>drop user yeyz@'%';  Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)  mysql ::>>drop user yeyz@'localhost';  Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)  mysql ::>>  mysql ::>>show grants for yeyz@'%';  ERROR  (): There is no such grant defined for user 'yeyz' on host '%'  mysql ::>>show grants for yeyz@'localhost';  ERROR  (): There is no such grant defined for user 'yeyz' on host '192.168.18.%'  

可以看到,許可權已經完全刪除了,此時我們重新創建一個只有select許可權的用戶:

mysql ::>>GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'yeyz'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9';  Query OK,  rows affected (. sec)  

我們使用這個用戶登錄到資料庫服務,然後嘗試進行select、update以及create操作,結果如下:

[dba_mysql@tk-dba-mysql-stat-10-104 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uyeyz --socket=/data/mysql_4306/tmp/mysql.sock --port=4306 -p -hlocalhost  Enter password:  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.  Your MySQL connection id is  Server version: 5.5.19-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)    Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  owners.    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.    mysql ::>>select * from yeyz.yeyz;  +------+  | id   |  +------+  |     |  |     |  |     |  +------+   rows in set (0.00 sec)    mysql ::>>update yeyz.yeyz set id= where id=;  ERROR  (): UPDATE command denied to user 'yeyz'@'localhost' for table 'yeyz'  mysql ::>>create table test (id int);  ERROR  (D000): No database selected  mysql ::>>create table yeyz.test (id int);  ERROR  (): CREATE command denied to user 'yeyz'@'localhost' for table 'test'  

可以發現,這個用戶只可以進行select操作,當我們嘗試進行update操作和create操作的時候,系統判定這種操作沒有許可權,直接拒絕了,這就說明使用drop user方法刪除用戶的時候,會連通db表和許可權表一起清除,也就是說刪的比較乾淨,不會對以後的用戶產生任何影響。

結論:

當我們想要刪除一個用戶的時候,盡量使用drop user的方法刪除,使用delete方法可能埋下隱患,下次如果創建同名的用戶名時,許可權控制方面存在一定的問題。

這個演示也解決了一些新手朋友們的一個疑問:為什麼我的用戶只有usage許可權,卻能訪問所有資料庫,並對資料庫進行操作?這個時候,你需要看看日誌,查詢自己有沒有進行過delete from mysql.user的操作,如果有,這個問題就很好解釋了。