騰訊雲伺服器Linux系統–安裝MySql
- 2019 年 11 月 4 日
- 筆記
版權聲明：本文為部落客原創文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版權協議，轉載請附上原文出處鏈接和本聲明。
本文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43126117/article/details/100840495
檢查Linux伺服器是否有Mysql
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql* [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
如有，必須卸載乾淨，否則後面安裝會報各種錯誤。
我們還是通過華為雲鏡像進行下載 MySql-Server、MySql-Client這兩個服務，其他（開發庫、兼容庫、測試組件等）不安裝。
創建目錄，進入目錄，並下載文件。
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# mkdir /usr/lib/mysql [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# cd /usr/lib/mysql [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-server-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-client-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
我安裝的時候提示我需要兩個服務，我就下載安裝了。
[root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-common-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-libs-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
安裝順序如下：common>libs>server>client
注意的一點是，從 RPM 版本 4.1 開始，在安裝或升級軟體包時會檢查軟體包的簽名。如果簽名校驗失敗，你就會看到如下所示 的錯誤消息：
Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
安裝的時候需要取消校驗簽名 –force –nodeps
–force 強行置換套件或文件。
–nodeps 不驗證套件檔的相互關聯性。
[root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
安裝完畢後，啟動mysql服務
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# systemctl start mysqld
我啟動的時候，報了很多錯誤。
所以給一個通用的解法：檢查mysql服務的系統日誌，看看報什麼錯。路徑是什麼呢？ 可以通過配置文件獲取
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log //日誌路徑 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid datadir=/opt/data skip-grant-tables
然後登陸MySQL，並修改密碼
通過 grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log ，取得mysql初始化隨機密碼，但是我這裡不可以。
只能通過修改配置文件，進入無保護狀態下的MySQL。
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf //加上 skip-grant-tables //重啟 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld //無密碼進入 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p use mysql； UPDATE user SET authentication_string = Password ('密碼') WHERE User = 'root' ; flush privileges ; quit； //刪除/etc/my.cnf 中 skip-grant-tables //重啟
再次通過剛剛設置的密碼進入系統，可能還要重新設置密碼，剛剛設置的好像只是臨時的
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('!Qw56:'); //密碼需要很複雜，否則報錯 ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements //設置密碼為永久 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; //設置外部可以訪問 grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "!Qw56:"; //更新 flush privileges;
還需要開放雲伺服器安全組的埠。
