在.Net Core 3.0中嘗試新的System.Text.Json API
- 2019 年 10 月 31 日
- 筆記
.NET Core 3.0提供了一個名為System.Text.Json的全新命名空間,它支援reader/writer,文檔對象模型(DOM)和序列化程式。在此部落格文章中,我將介紹它如何工作以及如何使用。
官方文檔
獲取JSON庫
- 如果以.NET Core為目標,請安裝.NET Core 3.0及以上版本,該版本提供了新的JSON庫和ASP.NET Core集成。
- 如果以.NET Standard或.NET Framework為目標。安裝System.Text.Json NuGet軟體包(確保安裝.NET Framework4.6.0或更高版本)。為了與ASP.NET Core集成,必須以.NET Core 3.0為目標。
NET Core 3.0中JSON特性
新的JSON API通過使用Span進行性能優化,並且可以直接處理UTF-8,而無需轉碼為UTF-16 string 實例。這兩個方面對於ASP.NET Core都是至關重要的,在ASP.NET Core中,吞吐量是關鍵要求。使用System.Text.Json,可以將速度提高大約1.3倍至5倍。
使用System.Text.Json
using System.Text.Json; using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
使用序列化器Serializer
- 學習.Net Core最好的方式是查看源碼,下面是JsonSerializer Serialize的部分源碼:
namespace System.Text.Json { public static partial class JsonSerializer { /// <summary> /// Convert the provided value into a <see cref="System.String"/>. /// </summary> /// <returns>A <see cref="System.String"/> representation of the value.</returns> /// <param name="value">The value to convert.</param> /// <param name="options">Options to control the conversion behavior.</param> /// <remarks>Using a <see cref="System.String"/> is not as efficient as using UTF-8 /// encoding since the implementation internally uses UTF-8. See also <see cref="SerializeToUtf8Bytes"/> /// and <see cref="SerializeAsync"/>. /// </remarks> public static string Serialize<TValue>(TValue value, JsonSerializerOptions options = null) { return ToStringInternal(value, typeof(TValue), options); } /// <summary> /// Convert the provided value into a <see cref="System.String"/>. /// </summary> /// <returns>A <see cref="System.String"/> representation of the value.</returns> /// <param name="value">The value to convert.</param> /// <param name="inputType">The type of the <paramref name="value"/> to convert.</param> /// <param name="options">Options to control the conversion behavior.</param> /// <remarks>Using a <see cref="System.String"/> is not as efficient as using UTF-8 /// encoding since the implementation internally uses UTF-8. See also <see cref="SerializeToUtf8Bytes"/> /// and <see cref="SerializeAsync"/>. /// </remarks> public static string Serialize(object value, Type inputType, JsonSerializerOptions options = null) { VerifyValueAndType(value, inputType); return ToStringInternal(value, inputType, options); } private static string ToStringInternal(object value, Type inputType, JsonSerializerOptions options) { return WriteCoreString(value, inputType, options); } } }
可以看到序列化最終調用的是ToStringInternal這個方法。
- 示例
class Sample { public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; } public string Summary { get; set; } } string Serialize(Sample value) { return JsonSerializer.Serialize<Sample>(value); } //obj string SerializeObj(object value) { return JsonSerializer.Serialize(value); }
JsonSerializerOptions用於在序列化時設置配置, 例如處理注釋,null處理,尾隨逗號和命名策略。
public static string ToJson(this object obj) { var options = new JsonSerializerOptions() { IgnoreNullValues = true, WriteIndented = true, AllowTrailingCommas = true }; return JsonSerializer.Serialize(obj, options); }
使用反序列化器Deserialize
Sample Deserialize(string json) { var options = new JsonSerializerOptions { AllowTrailingCommas = true }; return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Sample>(json, options); }
自定義屬性來控制序列化行為
可以使用自定義屬性來控制序列化行為,例如,忽略屬性或者指定屬性的名稱:
class Sample { //忽略 [JsonIgnore] public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; } //指定名稱 [JsonPropertyName("test")] public string Summary { get; set; } }
使用DOM
有時,不想反序列化JSON但仍然希望對其內容進行結構化訪問,這時可以使用JsonDocument
var options = new JsonDocumentOptions { AllowTrailingCommas = true }; using (JsonDocument document = JsonDocument.Parse(json, options)) { //todo foreach (JsonElement element in document.RootElement.EnumerateArray()) { DateTimeOffset date = element.GetProperty("date").GetDateTimeOffset(); //todo } }
使用Utf8JsonWriter
var options = new JsonWriterOptions { Indented = true }; using (var stream = new MemoryStream()) { using (var writer = new Utf8JsonWriter(stream, options)) { writer.WriteStartObject(); writer.WriteString("date", DateTimeOffset.UtcNow); writer.WriteEndObject(); } string json = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray()); Console.WriteLine(json); }
使用Utf8JsonReader
byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json); Utf8JsonReader reader = new Utf8JsonReader(data, isFinalBlock: true, state: default); while (reader.Read()) { Console.Write(reader.TokenType); switch (reader.TokenType) { case JsonTokenType.PropertyName: case JsonTokenType.String: { string text = reader.GetString(); Console.Write(" "); Console.Write(text); break; } case JsonTokenType.Number: { int value = reader.GetInt32(); Console.Write(" "); Console.Write(value); break; } } Console.WriteLine(); }
System.Text.Json中的DateTime和DateTimeOffset支援
The System.Text.Json library parses and writes DateTime and DateTimeOffset values according to the ISO 8601:-2019 extended profile. Converters provide custom support for serializing and deserializing with JsonSerializer. Custom support can also be implemented when using Utf8JsonReader and Utf8JsonWriter.
具體請參考官方文檔。
示例:
public class DateTimeConverterUsingDateTimeParse : JsonConverter<DateTime> { /// <summary> /// 日期格式 /// </summary> public string dateTimeFormat { get; } /// <summary> /// ctor /// </summary> /// <param name="dateTimeFormat"></param> public DateTimeConverterUsingDateTimeParse(string dateTimeFormat) { this.dateTimeFormat = dateTimeFormat; } public override DateTime Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options) { Debug.Assert(typeToConvert == typeof(DateTime)); return DateTime.Parse(reader.GetString()); } public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, DateTime value, JsonSerializerOptions options) { writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString(dateTimeFormat)); } }
public static class JsonHelper { /// <summary>Converts to json.</summary> /// <param name="obj">The object.</param> /// <param name="dateTimeFormat">The date time format.</param> /// <returns>System.String.</returns> public static string ToJson(this object obj, string dateTimeFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd") { var options = new JsonSerializerOptions() { IgnoreNullValues = true, WriteIndented = true }; options.Converters.Add(new DateTimeConverterUsingDateTimeParse(dateTimeFormat)); return JsonSerializer.Serialize(obj, options); } }
總結
- 在.NET Core 3.0中,System.Text.Json API提供對JSON的內置支援,包括reader/writer,只讀DOM和序列化器/反序列化器。
- 主要目標是實現高性能和低記憶體分配。
- ASP.NET Core 3.0包括對System.Text.Json的支援,默認情況下啟用。