使用CrashHandler獲取應用crash資訊

  • 2020 年 8 月 19 日
  • 筆記

  Android應用不可避免會發生crash,也稱之為崩潰。發生原因可能是由於Android系統底層的bug,也可能是由於不充分的機型適配或者是糟糕的網路情況。當crash發生時,系統會kill掉正在執行的程式,現象就是閃退或者提示用戶程式已停止運行。更糟糕的是,當用戶發生了crash,開發者卻無法得知程式為何crash,因此需要知道用戶當時的crash資訊。為此Android提供了處理這類問題的方法,即Thread類中的一個方法setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler

/**
* Sets the default uncaught exception handler. 
* This handler is invoked in case any Thread due to unhandled exception.
*
* @param handler
*           The handler to set or null.
*/
public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler handler){
    Thread.defaultUncaughtHandler = handler;
}

  當crash發生的時候,系統就會回調UncaughtExceptionHandler的uncaughtException方法,在uncaughtException方法中就可以獲取到異常資訊。

  下面是一個典型的異常處理器的實現:

public class CrashHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {

    private static final String TAG = "CrashHandler";
    private static final boolean DEBUG = true;

    private static final String PATH = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/CrashTest/log/";
    private static final String FILE_NAME = "crash";
    private static final String FILE_NAME_SUFFIX = ".trace";

    private static CrashHandler sInstance = new CrashHandler();
    private Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultCrashHandler;
    private Context mContext;

    private CrashHandler(){
    }

    public static CrashHandler getInstance(){
        return sInstance;
    }

    public void init(Context context){
        mDefaultCrashHandler = Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);
        mContext = context.getApplicationContext();
    }

    /**
     * 這個是最關鍵的函數,當程式中有未被捕獲的異常,系統將會自動調用#uncaught-
     * thread為出現未捕獲異常的執行緒,ex為未捕獲的異常,有了這個ex,就可以得到異常資訊
     */
    @Override
    public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex){
        try{
            //導入異常資訊到SD卡中
            dumpExceptionToSDCard(ex);
            //這裡可以上傳異常資訊到伺服器,便於開發人員分析日誌從而解決bug
            uploadExceptionToServer();
        }catch(IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        ex.printStackTrace();
        //如果系統提供了默認的異常處理器,則交給系統去結束程式,否則就由自己結束自己
        if(mDefaultCrashHandler != null){
            mDefaultCrashHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);
        }else{
            android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
        }
    }

    private void dumpExceptionToSDCard(Throwable ex) throws IOException{
        //如果SD卡不存在或無法使用,則無法把異常資訊寫入SD卡
        if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
            if(DEBUG){
                Log.w(TAG, "sdcard unmounted,skip dump exception");
                return;
            }
        }

        File dir = new File(PATH);
        if(!dir.exists()){
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        long current = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String time = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date(current));
        File file = new File(PATH + FILE_NAME + time + FILE_NAME_SUFFIX);

        try{
            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file)));
            pw.println(time);
            dumpPhoneInfo(pw);
            pw.println();
            ex.printStackTrace(pw);
            pw.close();
        }catch(Exception e){
            Log.e(TAG, "dump crash info failing");
        }
    }

    private void dumpPhoneInfo(PrintWriter pw)throws PackageManager.NameNotFoundException{
        PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
        PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(mContext.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
        pw.print("APP Version: ");
        pw.print(pi.versionName);
        pw.print('_');
        pw.println(pi.versionCode);

        //Android版本號
        pw.print("OS Version: ");
        pw.print(Build.VERSION.RELEASE);
        pw.print('_');
        pw.println(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT);

        //手機製造商
        pw.print("Vendor: ");
        pw.println(Build.MANUFACTURER);

        //手機型號
        pw.print("Model: ");
        pw.println(Build.MODEL);

        //CPU架構
        pw.print("CPU ABI: ");
        pw.println(Build.CPU_ABI);
    }

    private void uploadExceptionToServer(){
        //TODO Upload Exception Message To Web Server
    }
}

  上面的CrashHandler使用也很簡單,可以選擇在Application初始化的時候為執行緒設置CrashHandler,如下所示:

public class MainApplication extends MultiDexApplication {
    private static MainApplication sInstance;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        sInstance = this;
        CrashHandler crashHandler = CrashHandler.getInstance();
        crashHandler.init(this);
    }

    public static MainApplication getInstance(){
        return sInstance;
    }