linux使用命令行神器jq解析json

• 2019 年 10 月 25 日
• 筆記

jq類似一個awk或grep一樣的神器，可以方便地在命令行操作json

這裡我使用海南萬寧的天氣介面做演示，地址：http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101310215

一、安裝

官網：https://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/
基本就是brew install、apt install、yum install之類的，很簡單

二、常用操作

1.格式化json

直接請求
格式如下，不易讀

➜  ~ curl -s http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101310215  {"message":"success感謝又拍雲(upyun.com)提供CDN贊助","status":200,"date":"20191025","time":"2019-10-25 11:17:41","cityInfo":{"city":"萬寧市","citykey":"101310215","parent":"海南","updateTime":"09:59"},"data":{"shidu":"92%","pm25":20.0,"pm10":49.0,"quality":"優","wendu":"25","ganmao":"各類人群可自由活動","forecast":[{"date":"25","high":"高溫 29℃","low":"低溫 23℃","ymd":"2019-10-25","week":"星期五","sunrise":"06:35","sunset":"18:10","aqi":44,"fx":"無持續風向","fl":"<3級","type":"中雨","notice":"記得隨身攜帶雨傘哦"},{"date":"26","high":"高溫 29℃","low":"低溫 23℃","ymd":"2019-10-26","week":"星期六","sunrise":"06:35","sunset":"18:09","aqi":31,"fx":"無持續風向","fl":"<3級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"27","high":"高溫 29℃","low":"低溫 23℃","ymd":"2019-10-27","week":"星期日","sunrise":"06:36","sunset":"18:09","aqi":28,"fx":"無持續風向","fl":"<3級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"28","high":"高溫 30℃","low":"低溫 22℃","ymd":"2019-10-28","week":"星期一","sunrise":"06:36","sunset":"18:08","aqi":34,"fx":"東北風","fl":"3-4級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"29","high":"高溫 27℃","low":"低溫 22℃","ymd":"2019-10-29","week":"星期二","sunrise":"06:36","sunset":"18:07","aqi":35,"fx":"東北風","fl":"3-4級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"30","high":"高溫 27℃","low":"低溫 22℃","ymd":"2019-10-30","week":"星期三","sunrise":"06:37","sunset":"18:07","aqi":32,"fx":"無持續風向","fl":"<3級","type":"中雨","notice":"記得隨身攜帶雨傘哦"},{"date":"31","high":"高溫 29℃","low":"低溫 22℃","ymd":"2019-10-31","week":"星期四","sunrise":"06:37","sunset":"18:06","fx":"東北風","fl":"3-4級","type":"中雨","notice":"記得隨身攜帶雨傘哦"},{"date":"01","high":"高溫 25℃","low":"低溫 24℃","ymd":"2019-11-01","week":"星期五","sunrise":"06:38","sunset":"18:06","fx":"東北風","fl":"3-4級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"02","high":"高溫 25℃","low":"低溫 24℃","ymd":"2019-11-02","week":"星期六","sunrise":"06:38","sunset":"18:05","fx":"東北風","fl":"4-5級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"03","high":"高溫 26℃","low":"低溫 24℃","ymd":"2019-11-03","week":"星期日","sunrise":"06:38","sunset":"18:05","fx":"東風","fl":"3-4級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"04","high":"高溫 25℃","low":"低溫 24℃","ymd":"2019-11-04","week":"星期一","sunrise":"06:39","sunset":"18:04","fx":"東北風","fl":"<3級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"05","high":"高溫 28℃","low":"低溫 24℃","ymd":"2019-11-05","week":"星期二","sunrise":"06:39","sunset":"18:04","fx":"東南風","fl":"<3級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"06","high":"高溫 25℃","low":"低溫 21℃","ymd":"2019-11-06","week":"星期三","sunrise":"06:40","sunset":"18:04","fx":"東北風","fl":"3-4級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"07","high":"高溫 23℃","low":"低溫 22℃","ymd":"2019-11-07","week":"星期四","sunrise":"06:40","sunset":"18:03","fx":"東北風","fl":"3-4級","type":"小雨","notice":"雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"},{"date":"08","high":"高溫 25℃","low":"低溫 22℃","ymd":"2019-11-08","week":"星期五","sunrise":"06:41","sunset":"18:03","fx":"北風","fl":"3-4級","type":"多雲","notice":"陰晴之間，謹防紫外線侵擾"}],"yesterday":{"date":"24","high":"高溫 29℃","low":"低溫 23℃","ymd":"2019-10-24","week":"星期四","sunrise":"06:34","sunset":"18:10","aqi":27,"fx":"無持續風向","fl":"<3級","type":"多雲","notice":"陰晴之間，謹防紫外線侵擾"}}}

使用jq格式化，如下

curl -s http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101310215 | jq  {    "message": "success感謝又拍雲(upyun.com)提供CDN贊助",    "status": 200,    "date": "20191025",    "time": "2019-10-25 10:27:28",    "cityInfo": {      "city": "萬寧市",      "citykey": "101310215",      "parent": "海南",      "updateTime": "09:59"    },    "data": {      "shidu": "92%",      "pm25": 20,      "pm10": 49,      "quality": "優",      "wendu": "25",      "ganmao": "各類人群可自由活動",      "forecast": [        {          "date": "25",          "high": "高溫 29℃",          "low": "低溫 23℃",          "ymd": "2019-10-25",          "week": "星期五",          "sunrise": "06:35",          "sunset": "18:10",          "aqi": 44,          "fx": "無持續風向",          "fl": "<3級",          "type": "中雨",          "notice": "記得隨身攜帶雨傘哦"        },...

已經格式化過

2.取指定欄位的值

直接輸入欄位，使用.嵌套訪問，如要獲取昨天的資訊

curl -s http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101310215 | jq .data.yesterday  {    "date": "24",    "high": "高溫 29℃",    "low": "低溫 23℃",    "ymd": "2019-10-24",    "week": "星期四",    "sunrise": "06:34",    "sunset": "18:10",    "aqi": 27,    "fx": "無持續風向",    "fl": "<3級",    "type": "多雲",    "notice": "陰晴之間，謹防紫外線侵擾"  }

3.過濾指定欄位

使用一個json指定所有欄位，如{date, high}，獲取昨天的最高溫度如下

 curl -s http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101310215 | jq .data.yesterday|jq "{date,high}"  {    "date": "24",    "high": "高溫 29℃"  }

4.獲取多個欄位的值

使用逗號獲取多個

curl -s http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101310215 | jq .data.yesterday|jq ".date, .high"  "24"  "高溫 29℃"

5.篩選數組

直接指定數組的索引即可

curl -s http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101310215 |jq ".data.forecast"|jq ".[0,9]"  {    "date": "25",    "high": "高溫 29℃",    "low": "低溫 23℃",    "ymd": "2019-10-25",    "week": "星期五",    "sunrise": "06:35",    "sunset": "18:10",    "aqi": 44,    "fx": "無持續風向",    "fl": "<3級",    "type": "中雨",    "notice": "記得隨身攜帶雨傘哦"  }  {    "date": "03",    "high": "高溫 26℃",    "low": "低溫 24℃",    "ymd": "2019-11-03",    "week": "星期日",    "sunrise": "06:38",    "sunset": "18:05",    "fx": "東風",    "fl": "3-4級",    "type": "小雨",    "notice": "雨雖小，注意保暖別感冒"  }

更多操作請參考官方文檔：https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/