MongoDB 使用手冊

2020 年 7 月 26 日
筆記
mongdb, 資料庫

MongoDB

常用命令：

show dbs 顯示所有的資料庫
use 資料庫名切換到某一個數據中
show collections 顯示當前資料庫中所有的集合
db.集合名.find() 查詢當前資料庫中某一個集合下所有的數據
db.集合名.insert({“鍵”: “值”, “鍵”: “值” …}) 給當前資料庫中某一個集合添加數據
db.集合名.drop() 刪除某一個集合
db.dropDatabase() 刪除當前資料庫

> use zyhtest
switched to db zyhtest
> db.student.insert({"name": "zhangsan", "age": 28})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
local    0.000GB
zyhtest  0.000GB
> show collections
student
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5745b8a08dfa492b66e7d397"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.drop()
true
> show dbs
local    0.000GB
> db.student.insert({"name": "zhangsan", "age": 28})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
local    0.000GB
zyhtest  0.000GB
> show collections
student
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "zyhtest", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
local    0.000GB

文檔插入操作

文檔的數據存儲格式為BSON，類似於JSON。MongoDB插入數據時會檢驗數據中是否有「_id」，如果沒有會自動生成。
shell操作有insert和save兩種方法。當插入一條數據有「_id」值，並且現在集合中已經有相同的值，使用insert插入時插入不進去，使用save時，會更新數據。

> db.student.drop()
true
> db.student.insert({"_id": 1, "name":"zhangsan", "age": 28})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.insert({"_id": 1, "name":"zhangsan", "age": 27})
WriteResult({
        "nInserted" : 0,
        "writeError" : {
                "code" : 11000,
                "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: zyhdb.student index: _id_ dup key: { : 1.0 }"
        }
})
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.save({"_id": 1, "name":"zhangsan", "age": 27})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27 }

批量插入

> db.student.insert([{"_id": 2, "name": "lisi"},{"_id": 3, "name": "wangwu"}, {"_id": 4, "name": "zhaoliu", "age": 28}])
BulkWriteResult({
"writeErrors" : [ ],
"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
"nInserted" : 3,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nMatched" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"nRemoved" : 0,
"upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }

循環插入

> for(var i=0; i<10; i++){db.fortest.insert({num: i})}
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.fortest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab5"), "num" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab6"), "num" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab7"), "num" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab8"), "num" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab9"), "num" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababa"), "num" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababb"), "num" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababc"), "num" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababd"), "num" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababe"), "num" : 9 }

查詢操作

先把student刪除，再重新插入數據

> db.student.drop()
true
> db.student.insert([{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age": 27, "sex": 1 }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age": 27 } ,{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age": 30 }, { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age": 28 }, { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age": 33 }, { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age": 32 }])
BulkWriteResult({
        "writeErrors" : [ ],
        "writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
        "nInserted" : 6,
        "nUpserted" : 0,
        "nMatched" : 0,
        "nModified" : 0,
        "nRemoved" : 0,
        "upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

查詢指定鍵

> db.student.find({},{name:1})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" }
> db.student.find({},{_id:0, age:0})
{ "name" : "zhangsan", "sex" : 1 }
{ "name" : "lisi" }
{ "name" : "wangwu" }
{ "name" : "zhaoliu" }
{ "name" : "qianliu" }
{ "name" : "sunba" }
> db.student.find({},{_id:0, name:1})
{ "name" : "zhangsan" }
{ "name" : "lisi" }
{ "name" : "wangwu" }
{ "name" : "zhaoliu" }
{ "name" : "qianliu" }
{ "name" : "sunba" }

各種查詢方式

$lt:<
$lte:<=
$gt:>
$gte:>=
$ne:!=

> db.student.find({age:{$lt:30}})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.find({age:{$ne:27}})
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

$in:包含
$nin:不包含

> db.student.find({age:{$in:[27,28]}})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.find({age:{$nin:[27,28]}})
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

$or:或者

> db.student.find({$or:[{age:{$lt:29}}, {name:"sunba"}]})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

null:空值

> db.student.find({sex: null})
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

$type:鍵是某種類型的
double:1
string:2
…

> db.student.insert({_id:7, name:7, age:70})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.student.find({name: {$type: 2}})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.find({name: {$type: 1}})
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }

正則表達式

> db.student.find({name: /si\b/})
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }

db.集合名稱.findOne({查詢條件},{指定鍵})
查詢出符合條件的第一條數據

> db.student.findOne()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }

db.集合名稱.find({查詢條件},{指定鍵}).limit(數字)
查詢前幾條數據

> db.student.find().limit(3)
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }

db.集合名稱.find({查詢條件},{指定鍵}).skip(數字)
跳過前幾條數據

> db.student.find().skip(2)
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }

可以使用limit()和skip()實現分頁

> db.student.find().skip(0).limit(3)
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
> db.student.find().skip(3).limit(3)
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.find().skip(6).limit(3)
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }

db.集合名稱.find().sort({鍵:數字})
數字為1表示升序，數字為2表示降序

> db.student.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }
> db.student.find().sort({age:1, _id:-1})
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }

文檔修改操作

db.集合名稱.update({query},{update},upsert, multi})
query:過濾條件
update:修改內容
upsert：如果不存在查詢條件查出的記錄，是否插入一條數據，默認是false
multi：是否只修改查詢條件查出的第一條記錄，默認是false

> db.student.update({_id:1}, {name:"zhang"})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhang" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

把整條數據都修改了，如果修改內容中沒有設置age欄位，則以前的age也取消了，數據全部修改

局部修改

$set:如果存在鍵則修改，如果不存在鍵則添加

> db.student.update({_id: 1},{$set:{name:"zhangsan", age: 26}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

id重複時無法修改

> db.student.update({_id:1},{_id:0, name:"zhangsanzhangsan"})
WriteResult({
"nMatched" : 0,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 16837,
"errmsg" : "The _id field cannot be changed from {_id: 1.0} to {_id: 0.0}."
}
})
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }

第三個參數默認為false，如果查不到數據false時不執行任何操作，true時往資料庫里新插入一條數據

> db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu", age:32})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu"}, true)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 7 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }

第四個參數默認為false，false時表示只修改查詢到的第一條數據，true時表示修改查詢到的所有數據

> db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}}, false, false)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.update({age:33}, {$set:{age:32}}, false, true)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }

$inc:在原來的基礎上加多少

> db.student.update({_id:7}, {$inc:{age:-1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 31 }

$unset:去掉某個鍵

> db.student.update({_id:7},{$unset:{age:1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" }

針對數組類型的操作

$push:當數據中不存在鍵時，創建數組類型的鍵並插入該值;如果存在該鍵，並且該鍵是數組類型時，則在此數組類型的數據上追加;如果存在該鍵，並且該鍵不是數組類型時，會報錯。
$pushAll:批量往數組中追加
$addToSet:數組中有該值時不追加，沒有該值時追加

> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"java"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java" ] }
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"mongodb"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb" ] }
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{name:"111"}})
WriteResult({
"nMatched" : 0,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 16837,
"errmsg" : "The field 'name' must be an array but is of type String in document {_id: 7.0}"
}
})
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$pushAll:{skill:["js","C++","java"]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++", "java" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$addToSet:{skill:"mongodb"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++", "java" ] }

$pop:刪除數組的第一個或最後一個元素，值為-1時是刪除第一個元素，值為1時是刪除最後一個元素。
$pull:刪除數組中的某一個指定的數值
$pullAll:刪除數組中多個指定的數值

> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:-1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "js", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pull:{skill:"js"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:["js"]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:["mongodb","C++"]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ ] }

用戶管理操作

1、修改啟動MongoDB時要求用戶驗證
加參數 –auth 即可。
現在我們把MongoDB服務刪除，再重新添加服務

mongod --dbpath "D:\work\MongoDB\data" --logpath "D:\work\MongoDB\log\mongodb.log" --install --serviceName "MongoDB" --auth

2、創建用戶，並使用創建的用戶登錄
打開shell操作介面，默認test數據，再查看所有資料庫，發現報錯，因為沒有用戶驗證。
使用db.auth(“user”,”pwd”)進行用戶驗證。
user:用戶名
pwd:密碼

因為資料庫中沒有用戶，所以需要先使用無用戶驗證的方式啟動數據，在admin資料庫下新建用戶。
db.createUser({user:””, pwd:””, roles:[{role:””, db:””}]})
在當前資料庫下創建一個用戶
user:用戶名
pwd：密碼
roles：角色資訊
[role:角色名， db:對指定資料庫的操作]

> db.createUser({user:"admin", pwd:"admin", roles:[{role:"userAdminAnyDatabase", db:"admin"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}

在使用用戶驗證的方式啟動資料庫，在資料庫admin中，使用admin登錄

\> db.auth("admin","admin")
1

狀態1表示驗證成功，0表示驗證失敗

創建用戶默認給當前使用的數據下創建用戶，
例如：當前使用的數據是admin，在admin數據下新建用戶
db.createUser({user:”zyh”, pwd:”zyh”, roles:[{role:”readWrite”, db:”zyhdb”}]})
在admin資料庫下使用zyh登錄，可讀寫zyhdb的collection。
當在zyhdb下，無法使用zyh登錄，因為用戶zyh是在admin資料庫下。

3、查看當前數據下的用戶
show users 顯示當前資料庫下所有的用戶
使用有用戶管理許可權的用戶登錄才能看見，例如使用zyh登錄後，執行會報錯；使用admin登錄後，顯示用戶

> db.auth("zyh","zyh")
1
> show users
2016-06-01T20:32:30.639+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: not authorized on admin to execute command { usersInfo: 1.0 } :
_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
DB.prototype.getUsers@src/mongo/shell/db.js:1523:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:743:9
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:650:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1

> db.auth("admin","admin")
1
> show users
{
"_id" : "admin.admin",
"user" : "admin",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zyh",
"user" : "zyh",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "zyhdb"
}
]
}

還可以使用db.getUsers()查看所有的用戶
使用db.getUser(“user”)查詢指定用戶的具體資訊

4、修改用戶資訊
db.changeUserPassword(“user”, “newpwd”)，修改密碼
user:用戶名
newpwd:新的密碼

db.updateUser(“user”, {roles:[{role:””, db:””}]})
修改用戶資訊

db.grantRolesToUser(“user”, [{role:””, db:””}])
追加角色

db.revokeRolesFromUser(“user”, [{role:””, db:””}])
取消角色

5、刪除用戶
db.dropUser(“user”) 刪除指定用戶

db.dropAllUsers() 刪除當前數據下所有用戶

附：常用內置角色說明
資料庫用戶角色(每個資料庫都有的角色)
read 對non-system集合的讀取許可權，以及以下system集合的讀取許可權：system.indexes，system.js，system.namespaces
readWrite 對non-system集合的讀寫許可權，以及system.js上的讀寫許可權

資料庫管理角色(每個資料庫都包含的數據管理角色)
dbAdmin 完成管理性任務的許可權，比如schema相關任務、索引、統計資訊收集。不能用於管理用戶和角色
dbOwner 管理資料庫需要的所有許可權。包含(readWrite、dbAdmin、userAdmin角色的許可權)
userAdmin 在當前資料庫創建和修改角色和用戶的許可權

集群管理角色
admin資料庫包含以下角色用於管理整個系統，而不是只針對單個資料庫
clusterAmin 提供集群管理的最大許可權。包含了clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager角色的許可權
clusterManager 管理和監控集群，可以訪問local和config資料庫。
clusterMonitor 對集群的讀許可權
hostManager 管理和健康servers

備份和還原角色
admin資料庫包含以下角色用於備份和還原數據
backup 備份許可權
restore 還原許可權

all-database roles
admin數據提供以下角色，對所有資料庫都有效。
readAnyDatabase 提供對所有資料庫的讀許可權
readWriteAnyDatabase 提供對所有資料庫的寫許可權
userAdminAnyDatabase 提供對所有資料庫用戶的管理許可權
dbAdminAnyDatabase 對所有資料庫的dbAdmin許可權

超級角色
角色說明
root 擁有最高許可權

另外角色也可以自定義設置。

java 操作API

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.bson.Document;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

public class MongoZyh {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            // 連接到MongoDB服務,ServerAddress()兩個參數分別為 伺服器地址 和 埠
            ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost", 27017);
            List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
            addrs.add(serverAddress);

            // 三個參數分別為 用戶名 資料庫名稱 密碼
            MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential
                    .createScramSha1Credential("zyh", "admin",
                            "zyh".toCharArray());
            List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
            credentials.add(credential);

            // 通過連接認證獲取MongoDB連接
            MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs, credentials);

            // 連接到資料庫
            MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("zyhdb");

            // 新建集合，執行後會在資料庫里新建一個空的集合
            // mongoDatabase.createCollection("student");
            // System.out.println("新建集合成功");

            // 獲取集合，並往集合中插入數據
            MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mongoDatabase
                    .getCollection("student");

            // 插入一條數據
            // Document document = new Document();
            // document.append("name", "zhangsan");
            // document.append("age", 28);
            // mongoCollection.insertOne(document);
            // System.out.println("插入一條數據成功");

            // 插入多條數據
            // List<Document> documentList = new ArrayList<Document>();
            // Document document1 = new Document();
            // document1.append("name", "lisi");
            // document1.append("age", 28);
            // document1.append("sex", "男");
            // Document document2 = new Document();
            // document2.append("name", "wangwu");
            // document2.append("age", 31);
            // document2.append("sex", "男");
            // documentList.add(document1);
            // documentList.add(document2);
            // mongoCollection.insertMany(documentList);
            // System.out.println("插入多條數據成功");

            // 查詢數據
            // 查詢集合中所有的數據
            // FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mongoCollection.find();
            // MongoCursor<Document> mongoCursor = findIterable.iterator();
            // while (mongoCursor.hasNext()) {
            // System.out.println(mongoCursor.next());
            // }

            // 根據條件查詢
            // Document query = new Document();
            // query.put("age", new Document("$lt", 30));
            // query.put("sex", "男");
            // query.put("name", query);

            // 正則表達式查詢
            // Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^zhang");
            // query.put("name", pattern);

            // 排序
            // Document sort = new Document();
            // sort.put("name", -1); // 1是正序，-1是倒序

            // FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mongoCollection.find(query)
            // .sort(sort);
            // MongoCursor<Document> mongoCursor = findIterable.iterator();
            // while (mongoCursor.hasNext()) {
            // Document doc = mongoCursor.next();
            // System.out.print("name:" + doc.get("name") + "...");
            // System.out.print("age:" + doc.get("age") + "...");
            // System.out.println("sex:" + doc.get("sex") + "...");
            // }

            // mongoCollection.findOneAndUpdate(查詢條件, 修改內容); // 查詢出第一條數據並修改
            // mongoCollection.findOneAndDelete(查詢條件); // 查詢出第一條數據並刪除
            // mongoCollection.findOneAndReplace(查詢條件, 替換內容); // 查詢出第一條數據並替換

            // 修改數據
            // Document query = new Document();
            // query.put("age", 28);
            // Document update = new Document();
            // Document d = new Document();
            // d.put("birthday", new Date());
            // d.put("name", "zhangsan");
            // update.put("$set", d);
            // mongoCollection.updateOne(query, update); // 修改查詢到的第一條數據
            // mongoCollection.updateMany(查詢條件, 修改內容);// 修改查詢到的所有數據

            // 刪除數據
            // Document query = new Document();
            // query.put("age", 28);
            // mongoCollection.deleteOne(query); // 刪除查詢到的第一條數據
            // mongoCollection.deleteMany(查詢條件); // 刪除查詢到的所有數據

            // mongoCollection.drop(); // 刪除集合

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

Tags: mongdb 資料庫

MongoDB 使用手冊

MongoDB

常用命令：

文檔插入操作

查詢操作

查詢指定鍵

各種查詢方式

文檔修改操作

局部修改

針對數組類型的操作

用戶管理操作

java 操作API

VirMach 便宜 VPS

QNews

MongoDB 使用手冊

MongoDB

常用命令：

文檔插入操作

查詢操作

查詢指定鍵

各種查詢方式

文檔修改操作

局部修改

針對數組類型的操作

用戶管理操作

java 操作API

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