pyenv虛擬環境安裝
- 2020 年 7 月 18 日
- 筆記
- Python基礎學習
安裝過程
配置yum源
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo # yum -y install yum-utils # yum install wget -y # wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
安裝git
# yum install -y git
安裝Python環境依賴
# yum install -y gcc make patch gdbm-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel
添加用戶
# useradd python # echo 132456|passwd --stdin python # su - python
安裝pyenv
$ curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer|bash
添加環境變數
$ vim .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin export PATH export PATH="/home/python/.pyenv/bin:$PATH" eval "$(pyenv init -)" eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)" $ . .bash_profile
查看python版本
$ python -V Python 2.7.5
Pyenv的命令
$ pyenv pyenv 1.2.20 Usage: pyenv <command> [<args>] Some useful pyenv commands are: activate Activate virtual environment commands List all available pyenv commands deactivate Deactivate virtual environment doctor Verify pyenv installation and development tools to build pythons. exec Run an executable with the selected Python version global Set or show the global Python version(s) help Display help for a command hooks List hook scripts for a given pyenv command init Configure the shell environment for pyenv install Install a Python version using python-build local Set or show the local application-specific Python version(s) prefix Display prefix for a Python version rehash Rehash pyenv shims (run this after installing executables) root Display the root directory where versions and shims are kept shell Set or show the shell-specific Python version shims List existing pyenv shims uninstall Uninstall a specific Python version version Show the current Python version(s) and its origin --version Display the version of pyenv version-file Detect the file that sets the current pyenv version version-name Show the current Python version version-origin Explain how the current Python version is set versions List all Python versions available to pyenv virtualenv Create a Python virtualenv using the pyenv-virtualenv plugin virtualenv-delete Uninstall a specific Python virtualenv virtualenv-init Configure the shell environment for pyenv-virtualenv virtualenv-prefix Display real_prefix for a Python virtualenv version virtualenvs List all Python virtualenvs found in `$PYENV_ROOT/versions/*'. whence List all Python versions that contain the given executable which Display the full path to an executable
虛擬環境下安裝Python3.5.3版本
1、從官網下載(非常慢,不建議)
$ pyenv install 3.5.3 -v /tmp/python-build.20200718063111.6245 ~ Downloading Python-3.5.3.tar.xz... -> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.3/Python-3.5.3.tar.xz
2、傳包的方式
$ ls -a . .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc .pki .pyenv .viminfo $ mkdir .pyenv/cache 將下載好的包放入cache目錄,然後執行安裝命令 $ pyenv install 3.6.4 -v /tmp/python-build.20200718070338.7001 ~/.pyenv /tmp/python-build.20200718070338.7001/Python-3.6.4 /tmp/python-build.20200718070338.7001 ~/.pyenv Installing Python-3.6.4... checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
pyenv版本控制
當前登錄用戶全局生效
[python@localhost .pyenv]$ pyenv version system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version) [python@localhost .pyenv]$ python -V Python 2.7.5
更改全局版本(企業中禁用)
$ pyenv version 3.6.4 (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version) $ python -V Python 2.7.5
打開新終端查看版本資訊
[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions system * 3.6.4 (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version) [python@localhost ~]$ python -V Python 3.6.4
切回原版本
[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv global system [python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions * system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version) 3.6.4
注意:這裡的global參數作用的是python用戶,而非root用戶。如果是root用戶安裝的,那麼不要用global,影響很大
修改當前shell的Python版本
[python@localhost .pyenv]$ pyenv shell 3.6.4 [python@localhost .pyenv]$ pyenv versions system * 3.6.4 (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable) [python@localhost .pyenv]$ python -V Python 2.7.5
新終端查看版本
[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions * system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version) 3.6.4
[python@localhost ~]$ python -V Python 2.7.5
這種方法是當前shell生效的,如果當前shell關閉了,版本設置就無效了,再打開shell的時候版本就變回原來的了,還需要重新再設置一次,非常麻煩,推薦使用下面的方法
Local(當前文件夾生效)
創建項目目錄
[python@localhost .pyenv]$ cd [python@localhost ~]$ mkdir zh/projects -p [python@localhost ~]$ cd zh/projects/
新終端切換到項目目錄
[python@localhost ~]$ cd zh/projects/
新終端設置當前目錄版本
[python@localhost projects]$ pyenv local 3.6.4 [python@localhost projects]$ pyenv versions system * 3.6.4 (set by /home/python/zh/projects/.python-version) [python@localhost projects]$ python -V Python 3.6.4
查看其它目錄版本
[python@localhost cmdb]$ cd [python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions * system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version) 3.6.4 [python@localhost ~]$ python -V Python 2.7.5
查看子目錄版本
[python@localhost projects]$ mkdir cmdb [python@localhost projects]$ cd zh/projects/cmdb [python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv versions system * 3.6.4 (set by /home/python/zh/projects/.python-version) [python@localhost cmdb]$ python -V Python 3.6.4
虛擬環境(解決打包問題)
安裝3.5.3版本
[python@localhost ~]$ cd .pyenv/cache/ [python@localhost cache]$ ll total 31456 -rw-r--r--. 1 python python 15213396 Dec 7 2018 Python-3.5.3.tar.xz -rw-r--r--. 1 python python 16992824 Nov 17 2018 Python-3.6.4.tar.xz [python@localhost projects]$ pyenv install 3.5.3 -v [python@localhost ~]$ ll .pyenv/versions total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 6 python python 56 Jul 18 08:39 3.5.3 drwxr-xr-x. 6 python python 56 Jul 18 07:34 3.6.4
創建虛擬環境
[python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv virtualenv 3.5.3 zh353 Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.5.3/envs/zh353/lib/python3.5/site-packages Requirement already satisfied: pip in /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.5.3/envs/zh353/lib/python3.5/site-packages
查看版本資訊
[python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv versions system 3.5.3 3.5.3/envs/zh353 * 3.6.4 (set by /home/python/zh/projects/.python-version) zh353
修改當前項目目錄的Python版本
[python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv local zh353 (zh353) [python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv versions system 3.5.3 3.5.3/envs/zh353 3.6.4 * zh353 (set by /home/python/zh/projects/cmdb/.python-version)
創建新的項目目錄並設置版本
(zh353) [python@localhost cmdb]$ mkdir ../web (zh353) [python@localhost cmdb]$ cd ../web [python@localhost web]$ pyenv local 3.6.4 [python@localhost web]$ pyenv versions system 3.5.3 3.5.3/envs/zh353 * 3.6.4 (set by /home/python/zh/projects/web/.python-version) zh353