我的Spring Boot學習記錄(二):Tomcat Server以及Spring MVC的問題

  • 2019 年 10 月 15 日
  • 筆記

Spring Boot版本: 2.0.0.RELEASE
這裡需要引入依賴 spring-boot-starter-web
這裡有可能有個人的誤解,請抱著懷疑態度看。
建議: 感覺自己也會被繞暈,所以有興趣的使用IDE工具看下源碼

1、Tomcat在什麼時候被初始化了?

ServletWebServerApplicationContext中有段程式碼,如下:

org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext        @Override      protected void onRefresh() {          super.onRefresh();          try {              createWebServer();          }          catch (Throwable ex) {              throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);          }      }        /**       * 創建Web服務容器,如:Tomcat,Jetty等;具體創建的容器根據#getWebServerFactory得到       * 而WebServerFactory在BeanFactory獲取,也就是在載入Bean時確定的,       * 這裡通過Spring Boot自動配置了Tomcat,如果想要深入可以追著#getWebServerFactory看       * 下面有對應的不太詳細的解釋       */      private void createWebServer() {          WebServer webServer = this.webServer;          ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();          if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {              ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();              this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());          }          // .....      }
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat#tomcatServletWebServerFactory      /**       * 這裡就通過自動載入Bean時載入了關於Tomcat的WebServerFactory       *  至於為什麼載入Tomcat而不是Jetty,就要多謝Bean載入時@ConditionalOnClass註解       * 因為我們引入依賴spring-boot-starter-web 其次,它又引入了 spring-boot-starter-tomcat依賴       * 因為存在{ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class }這些class,所以載入Tomcat       */      @Configuration      @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class })      @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)      public static class EmbeddedTomcat {            @Bean          public TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory() {              return new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();          }        }      // .......

上述中說明了Tomcat的創建,而什麼時候調用onRefresh並創建Tomcat呢?

其實onRefreshorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext一個未具體實現方法,交給子類實現,它在調用refresh()方法中調用。
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication#run(java.lang.String...)調用了refreshContext,又間接調用上述refresh()方法

onRefresh調用後在refresh()中還調用了finishRefresh(),而重寫了其方法finishRefreshServletWebServerApplicationContext就啟動了Web服務,程式碼如下:

org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext#finishRefresh      @Override      protected void finishRefresh() {          super.finishRefresh();          WebServer webServer = startWebServer();          if (webServer != null) {              publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(webServer, this));          }      }        private WebServer startWebServer() {          WebServer webServer = this.webServer;          if (webServer != null) {              // 這裡如何啟動具體可看org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer              // 這裡之所以我們啟動了Spring Boot後程式還在運行是因為Tomcat啟動執行緒在後台運行              webServer.start();          }          return webServer;      }
org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer        public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {          Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");          this.tomcat = tomcat;          this.autoStart = autoStart;          initialize();      }        private void initialize() throws WebServerException {          //.....          // Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a          // blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown          // 大概意思是創建一個非守護執行緒來運行吧          startDaemonAwaitThread();          //....      }        private void startDaemonAwaitThread() {          Thread awaitThread = new Thread("container-" + (containerCounter.get())) {                @Override              public void run() {                  TomcatWebServer.this.tomcat.getServer().await();              }            };          awaitThread.setContextClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());          awaitThread.setDaemon(false);          awaitThread.start();      }

上面就大概說了Tomcat怎麼在Spring Boot啟動後載入創建的

2、Spring MVC在這裡怎麼工作的?

平時使用SSM開發時,使用Spring MVC 我們知道需要配置DispatcherServlet,而這裡的是通過自動配置的,還對DispatcherServlet通過ServletRegistrationBean類進行封裝,這裡自動裝配的程式碼在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中可見,程式碼如下:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.DispatcherServletConfiguration      @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)      public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet() {          DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();          dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(                  this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());          dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(                  this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());          dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(                  this.webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());          return dispatcherServlet;      }      org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration      /**       * 這裡通過構造器獲取已經註冊的 DispatcherServlet Bean       * 然後封裝在ServletRegistrationBean       */      @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)      @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)      public ServletRegistrationBean<DispatcherServlet> dispatcherServletRegistration(              DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {          ServletRegistrationBean<DispatcherServlet> registration = new ServletRegistrationBean<>(                  dispatcherServlet,                  this.serverProperties.getServlet().getServletMapping());          registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);          registration.setLoadOnStartup(                  this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());          if (this.multipartConfig != null) {              registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);          }          return registration;      }

封裝了Servlet的ServletRegistrationBean各個Bean又會被ServletContextInitializerBeans進行管理。

在上述第一點中Tomcat創建載入中有個方法沒有詳述,就是ServletWebServerApplicationContext中的createWebServer方法,裡面調用了一個getSelfInitializer方法,使用返回值作為參數,程式碼如下:

org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext      private void createWebServer() {          //...          this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());          //...      }        /**       * Returns the {@link ServletContextInitializer} that will be used to complete the       * setup of this {@link WebApplicationContext}.       * @return the self initializer       * @see #prepareWebApplicationContext(ServletContext)       */      private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {          // 又封裝成了ServletContextInitializer          return this::selfInitialize;      }        private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {          //....          //getServletContextInitializerBeans這裡就能獲取到封裝了Servlet或Filter等的ServletContextInitializer          for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {              // 這裡通過回調Servlet或Filter能夠獲取到servletContext,並且將自己(Servlet或Filter)註冊到servletContext,這裡可能要去了解下Tomcat了              beans.onStartup(servletContext);          }      }        /**       * Returns {@link ServletContextInitializer}s that should be used with the embedded       * web server. By default this method will first attempt to find       * {@link ServletContextInitializer}, {@link Servlet}, {@link Filter} and certain       * {@link EventListener} beans.       * @return the servlet initializer beans       */      protected Collection<ServletContextInitializer> getServletContextInitializerBeans() {          // 這裡在new ServletContextInitializerBeans 時會將BeanFactory給它          // 它在構造器中將封裝了Servlet或Filter等的ServletContextInitializer子類獲取          // 並放入一個成員變數sortedList中          return new ServletContextInitializerBeans(getBeanFactory());      }

到此,大概就知道了Spring MVC中DispatcherServlet是怎麼進入Tomcat的了,如果還想細究DispatcherServlet是怎麼被一步步置入Tomcat容器中的,可以看下org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory#getWebServer中的程式碼,這裡不展開了。

3、隨便嘮嗑

入職後好久沒運動,被同事拉去打羽毛球,結果,氣喘不上來,腦暈,感覺不好,第一天全身酸痛,第二天更痛。我認為,入職後第一條建議就是找時間運動。

這篇其實接著第一篇文章我的Spring Boot學習記錄(一):自動配置的大致調用過程 就想要寫的了,拖了好久。期間問自己,為什麼干這種無趣的東西。不論如何,還是抽了時間寫了,就這樣吧。

這裡有可能有個人的誤解,請抱著懷疑態度看。
建議: 感覺自己也會被繞暈,所以有興趣的使用IDE工具看下源碼