【DB筆試面試436】Oracle中如何導出存儲過程、函數、包和觸發器的定義語句？如何導出表的結構？如何導出索引的創建語句？

2019 年 10 月 11 日
筆記

題目

Oracle中如何導出存儲過程、函數、包和觸發器的定義語句？如何導出表的結構？如何導出索引的創建語句？

答案

總體來說有兩種方式來獲取，第一，利用系統包DBMS_METADATA包中的GET_DDL函數來獲取，第二，利用exp或expdp來獲取。

下面來看第一種方式，如何利用系統包DBMS_METADATA包中的GET_DDL函數來獲取對象的定義語句。下面是該函數的入參和出參：

SQL> DESC DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL  PARAMETER   TYPE     MODE DEFAULT?  ----------- -------- ---- --------  (RESULT)    CLOB  OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2 IN  NAME        VARCHAR2 IN  SCHEMA      VARCHAR2 IN   Y  VERSION     VARCHAR2 IN   Y  MODEL       VARCHAR2 IN   Y  TRANSFORM   VARCHAR2 IN   Y

其詳細參數如下：

l OBJECT_TYPE 需要返回原數據的DDL語句的對象類型

l NAME 對象名稱

l SCHEMA 對象所在的SCHEMA，默認為當前用戶所在所SCHEMA

l VERSION 對象原數據的版本

l MODEL 原數據的類型默認為ORACLE

l TRANSFORM 默認值為DDL

l RETURNS 對象的原數據默認以CLOB類型返回

一般情況下，只需要給出OBJECT_TYPE、NAME和SCHEMA3個參數即可。

n 查看創建表SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;  SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE',U.TABLE_NAME) FROM USER_TABLES U;

n 查看創建索引的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('INDEX','PK_DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;  SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('INDEX',U.INDEX_NAME) FROM USER_INDEXES U;

n 查看創建主鍵的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('CONSTRAINT','EMP_PK') FROM DUAL;

n 查看創建外鍵的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('REF_CONSTRAINT','EMP_FK_DEPT') FROM DUAL;

n 查看創建視圖（VIEW）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', 'MY_TABLES','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;  SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', U.OBJECT_NAME)    FROM USER_OBJECTS U   WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'VIEW';  SELECT TEXT FROM USER_VIEWS WHERE VIEW_NAME=UPPER('&VIEW_NAME');

n 查看創建存儲過程（PROCEDURE）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCEDURE', U.OBJECT_NAME)    FROM USER_OBJECTS U   WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE';

n 查看創建觸發器（TRIGGER）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TRIGGER', U.OBJECT_NAME)    FROM USER_OBJECTS U   WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'TRIGGER';

n 查看創建函數（FUNCTION）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('FUNCTION', U.OBJECT_NAME)    FROM USER_OBJECTS U   WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'FUNCTION';

n 查看創建包（PACKAGE）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PACKAGE', U.OBJECT_NAME)    FROM USER_OBJECTS U   WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PACKAGE';

n 查看創建序列（SEQUENCE）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('SEQUENCE', U.OBJECT_NAME)    FROM USER_OBJECTS U   WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'SEQUENCE';

n 查看創建同義詞（SYNONYM）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('SYNONYM', U.OBJECT_NAME)    FROM USER_OBJECTS U   WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'SYNONYM';

n 查看創建表空間（TABLESPACE）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLESPACE', U.TABLESPACE_NAME)    FROM USER_TABLESPACES U;

n 查看創建角色（ROLE）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('ROLE', U.ROLE) FROM DBA_ROLES U;

n 查看創建用戶（USER）的SQL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('USER','SYS') FROM DUAL;

n 得到某個SCHEDULER JOB的創建語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCOBJ', D.JOB_NAME, D.OWNER)    FROM DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS D   WHERE D.JOB_TYPE = 'STORED_PROCEDURE'     AND D.STATE = 'SCHEDULED'     AND D.SCHEDULE_NAME IS NULL;

n 得到一個用戶下的所有表、索引、存儲過程、函數的DDL語句：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME)  FROM   USER_OBJECTS U  WHERE  U.OBJECT_TYPE IN ('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION');

如果想去掉表的存儲參數（例如，INITIAL、NEXT、FREELISTS等參數），那麼可以使用DBMS_METADATA包中的函數SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',FALSE)來完成，程式碼如下所示：

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;  DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT')  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------    CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"     (    "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),          "DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),          "LOC" VARCHAR2(13),           CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")    USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS    STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645    PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1    BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)    TABLESPACE "USERS"  ENABLE     ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE    PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255   NOCOMPRESS LOGGING    STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645    PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1    BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)    TABLESPACE "USERS"  SYS@lhrdb> EXECUTE DBMS_METADATA.SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',FALSE);  PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.  SYS@lhrdb> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;  DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT')  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------    CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"     (    "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),          "DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),          "LOC" VARCHAR2(13),           CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")    USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS    TABLESPACE "USERS"  ENABLE     ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE    PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255   NOCOMPRESS LOGGING    TABLESPACE "USERS"

使用DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL需要注意以下問題：

（1）DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL()包內的參數都要大寫，否則會報ORA-31600: invalid input value table for parameter OBJECT_TYPE in function GET_DDL的錯誤。

（2）是否查的當前用戶的DDL語句，若不是則需要加上對象的屬主資訊即SCHEMA參數。

（3）若在SQL*Plus中顯示不全，則需要set long 9999。

（4）對於DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL包，可以在PLSQL Developer工具中運行，也可以在SQL*Plus中運行。

如果要導出SCOTT用戶下的所有定義，那麼在SQL*Plus中程式碼如下所示：

SET PAGESIZE 0  SET TRIMSPOOL ON  SET LINESIZE 10000  SET LONG 90000  SET FEEDBACK OFF  SET FEED OFF;  SET ECHO OFF  SPOOL /tmp/schema_scott.sql  SELECT CASE           WHEN U.OBJECT_TYPE IN                ('PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER') THEN            DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER) ||            CHR(10) || '/'           ELSE            DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER)||            CHR(10) || ';'         END AS SCOTT_DDL    FROM DBA_OBJECTS U   WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN         ('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER')  AND U.OWNER='SCOTT';  SPOOL OFF;

則可以導出SCOTT用戶下所有的DDL語句到/tmp/schema_scott.sql文件中。

如果在PLSQL Developer工具中運行，那麼可以單獨運行如下的SQL語句：

SELECT CASE           WHEN U.OBJECT_TYPE IN                ('PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER') THEN            DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER) ||            CHR(10) || '/'           ELSE            DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER)||            CHR(10) || ';'         END AS SCOTT_DDL    FROM DBA_OBJECTS U   WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN         ('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER')  AND U.OWNER='SCOTT';

然後選擇整列，右鍵選擇「Copy to Excel」，就可以將數據導出到Excel文件中，接著，將Excel中的數據複製到PLSQL Developer工具的「SQL Window」中皆可。需要注意的是，最後複製到「SQL Window」中的時候，需要選擇右鍵的「Past from host Language」，否則粘貼的程式碼含有雙引號，需要做特殊處理，比較麻煩。

可以使用如下的SQL腳本生成某個用戶下的所有對象的DDL語句：

sqlplus<<EOF  set long 100000  set head off  set echo off  set pagesize 0  set verify off  set feedback off  spool schema.out  select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(object_type, object_name, owner)  from  (      --Convert DBA_OBJECTS.OBJECT_TYPE to DBMS_METADATA object type:      select          owner,          --Java object names may need to be converted with DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME.          --That code is not included since many database don't have Java installed.          object_name,          decode(object_type,              'DATABASE LINK',      'DB_LINK',              'JOB',                'PROCOBJ',              'RULE SET',           'PROCOBJ',              'RULE',               'PROCOBJ',              'EVALUATION CONTEXT', 'PROCOBJ',              'PACKAGE',            'PACKAGE_SPEC',              'PACKAGE BODY',       'PACKAGE_BODY',              'TYPE',               'TYPE_SPEC',              'TYPE BODY',          'TYPE_BODY',              'MATERIALIZED VIEW',  'MATERIALIZED_VIEW',              'QUEUE',              'AQ_QUEUE',              'JAVA CLASS',         'JAVA_CLASS',              'JAVA TYPE',          'JAVA_TYPE',              'JAVA SOURCE',        'JAVA_SOURCE',              'JAVA RESOURCE',      'JAVA_RESOURCE',              object_type          ) object_type      from dba_objects      where owner in ('LHR')          --These objects are included with other object types.          and object_type not in ('INDEX PARTITION','INDEX SUBPARTITION',             'LOB','LOB PARTITION','LOB SUBPARTITION','TABLE PARTITION','TABLE SUBPARTITION','PROGRAM')          --Ignore system-generated types that support collection processing.          and not (object_type = 'TYPE' and object_name like 'SYS_PLSQL_%')          --Exclude nested tables, their DDL is part of their parent table.          and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_nested_tables)          --Exlclude overflow segments, their DDL is part of their parent table.          and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_tables where iot_type = 'IOT_OVERFLOW')  )  order by owner, object_type, object_name;  spool off  quit  EOF  cat schema.out|sed 's/OWNER1/MYOWNER/g'>schema.out.change.sql

下面介紹第二種導出元數據的方法，就是採用exp或expdp命令。數據泵工具（impdp）提供了SQLFILE的命令行選項，只獲取DDL語句，並未真正地執行數據導入。另外，若單純為了導出DDL語句則可以在使用expdp導出的時候使用CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY和EXCLUDE=STATISTICS選項，這樣導出的DMP文件比較小。如下所示：

expdp '/ AS SYSDBA' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=lhrsql20161215.dmp LOGFILE=lhrsql20161215.log CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY SCHEMAS=SCOTT EXCLUDE=STATISTICS

impdp '/ AS SYSDBA' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=lhrsql20161215.dmp LOGFILE=imp_exptest.log SQLFILE=expddl_lhr.sql

查看expddl_lhr.sql文件即可獲取DDL語句。整個示例如下所示：

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>expdp '/ AS SYSDBA' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR schemas=SCOTT dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=exp_exptest.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 – Production on Wed Aug 3 15:14:55 2016

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR schemas=SCOTT dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=exp_exptest.dmp

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method…

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 256 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TEST" 5.007 KB 1 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows

Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

/oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump/exptest_sql.dmp

Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Wed Aug 3 15:15:16 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:20

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>impdp '/ AS SYSDBA' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=exptest.sql

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 – Production on Wed Aug 3 15:16:06 2016

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=exptest.sql

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at Wed Aug 3 15:16:09 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:02

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>cd /oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump/

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump>more exptest.sql

— CONNECT SYS

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10150 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10904 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '25475 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10407 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10851 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '22830 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 192 ';

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

— CONNECT SYSTEM

CREATE USER "SCOTT" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:268AB71B15071D81F19C6FC5041FA8F8E49397470FFE05458B8C90D9E7F8;F894844C34402B67'

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"

PASSWORD EXPIRE

ACCOUNT LOCK;

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO "SCOTT";

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

GRANT "CONNECT" TO "SCOTT";

GRANT "RESOURCE" TO "SCOTT";

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

ALTER USER "SCOTT" DEFAULT ROLE ALL;

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

— CONNECT SCOTT

BEGIN

sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'LHRDB', inst_scn=>'4225469');

COMMIT;

END;

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

— CONNECT SYS

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"

( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),

"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14 BYTE),

"LOC" VARCHAR2(13 BYTE)

) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE

PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255

NOCOMPRESS LOGGING

STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1

BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)

TABLESPACE "USERS" ;

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP"

( "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0),

"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),

"JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE),

"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),

"HIREDATE" DATE,

"SAL" NUMBER(7,2),

"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),

"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0)

) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE

PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255

NOCOMPRESS LOGGING

STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1

BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)

TABLESPACE "USERS" ;

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."BONUS"

( "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),

"JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE),

"SAL" NUMBER,

"COMM" NUMBER

) SEGMENT CREATION DEFERRED

PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255

NOCOMPRESS LOGGING

TABLESPACE "USERS" ;

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"

( "GRADE" NUMBER,

"LOSAL" NUMBER,

"HISAL" NUMBER

) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE

PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255

NOCOMPRESS LOGGING

STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1

BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)

TABLESPACE "USERS" ;

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."TEST"

( "DUMMY" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE)

) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE

PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255

NOCOMPRESS LOGGING

STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1

BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)

TABLESPACE "USERS" ;

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

— CONNECT SCOTT

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ON "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO")

PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1

BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)

TABLESPACE "USERS" PARALLEL 1 ;

ALTER INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" NOPARALLEL;

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ON "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO")

PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1

BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)

TABLESPACE "USERS" PARALLEL 1 ;

ALTER INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" NOPARALLEL;

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

— CONNECT SYS

ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")

USING INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ENABLE;

ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")

USING INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ENABLE;

— new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

DECLARE I_N VARCHAR2(60);

I_O VARCHAR2(60);

NV VARCHAR2(1);

c DBMS_METADATA.T_VAR_COLL;

df varchar2(21) := 'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS';

stmt varchar2(300) := ' INSERT INTO "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS" (type,version,flags,c1,c2,c3,c5,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8,n9,n10,n11,n12,d1,cl1) VALUES (''I'',6,:1,:2,:3,:4,:5,

:6,:7,:8,:9,:10,:11,:12,:13,NULL,:14,:15,NULL,:16,:17)';

BEGIN

DELETE FROM "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS";

i_n := 'PK_DEPT';

i_o := 'SCOTT';

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE stmt USING 2,I_N,NV,NV,I_O,4,1,4,1,1,1,0,4,NV,NV,TO_DATE('2016-07-07 22:00:11',df),NV;

DBMS_STATS.IMPORT_INDEX_STATS('"' || i_o || '"','"' || i_n || '"',NULL,'"IMPDP_STATS"',NULL,'"SYS"');

DELETE FROM "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS";

END;

《《《《。。。。。。。。篇幅原因，有省略,剩下的都是統計資訊，生成sqlfile的時候也可以不用生成。。。。。。。。》》》》

imp工具使用SHOW=Y LOG=GET_DDL.sql的方式，可以看到清晰的DDL腳本，同時也不會真正的執行數據導入。另外，若單純為了導出DDL語句則可以在使用exp導出的時候使用ROWS=N選項，這樣導出的DMP文件比較小。如下所示：

exp '/ AS SYSDBA' TABLES=SCOTT.EMP FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp LOG=/tmp/exp_table.log BUFFER=41943040 ROWS=N COMPRESS=N

imp '/ AS SYSDBA' FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp SHOW=Y LOG=/tmp/get_ddl.sql BUFFER=20480000 FULL=Y

查看get_ddl.sql文件即可獲取DDL語句。不過對於exp生成的DDL語句不能直接使用，需要使用SHELL腳本做相應的處理後才能使用。整個示例如下所示：

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>exp '/ AS SYSDBA' tables=scott.emp file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp log=/tmp/exp_table.log buffer=41943040 rows=n compress=n

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 – Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:11 2016

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

Note: table data (rows) will not be exported

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path …

Current user changed to SCOTT

. . exporting table EMP

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>imp '/ AS SYSDBA' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp show=y log=/tmp/get_ddl.sql buffer=20480000 full=y

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 – Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:44 2016

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"

"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"

"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"

"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "

"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"

"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" ) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"

"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"

"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"

"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"

"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"

"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"

"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>

由於格式比較混亂，直接運行會報錯，建榮的書中給了一段程式碼來格式化：

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/get_ddl.sql