【Flutter 專題】62 圖解基本 Button 按鈕小結 (二)
- 2019 年 10 月 7 日
- 筆記
和尚繼續嘗試 Flutter 的基本按鈕;今天和尚學習 MaterialButton 系列相關 Button;該系列以 MaterialButton 為父類,衍生出 RaisedButton 凸起按鈕,FlatButton 扁平按鈕和 OutlineButton 邊框按鈕;可根據不同場景靈活運用;

MaterialButton
源碼分析
const MaterialButton({ Key key, @required this.onPressed, this.onHighlightChanged, // 高亮變化的回調 this.textTheme, // 文字主題 this.textColor, // 文字顏色 this.disabledTextColor, // 不可點擊時文字顏色 this.color, // 背景色 this.disabledColor, // 不可點擊時背景色 this.highlightColor, // 點擊高亮時背景色 this.splashColor, // 水波紋顏色 this.colorBrightness, this.elevation, // 陰影高度 this.highlightElevation, // 高亮時陰影高度 this.disabledElevation, // 不可點擊時陰影高度 this.padding, // 內容周圍邊距 this.shape, // 按鈕樣式 this.clipBehavior = Clip.none, // 抗鋸齒剪切效果 this.materialTapTargetSize, // 點擊目標的最小尺寸 this.animationDuration, // 動畫效果持續時長 this.minWidth, // 最小寬度 this.height, // 按鈕高度 this.child, })
分析源碼可知,MaterialButton 作為其他 Button 父類,各屬性比較清晰明了,有 hight 屬性可設置 Button 高度,其子類 Button 只可通過 padding 或其他方式調整高度;
案例嘗試
和尚測試發現 hight 可以設置 MaterialButton 高度,但 shape 按鈕形狀卻不適用;其父類 RawMaterialButton 卻正常;和尚嘗試網上大神的處理方式是外層依賴 Material 並需要 clip 裁切成 shape 樣式;有待進一步學習;
Material( shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)), clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias, child: MaterialButton( color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4), height: 60.0, child: Text('MaterialButton'), onPressed: () {}))

RaisedButton / FlatButton
源碼分析
const RaisedButton({ Key key, @required VoidCallback onPressed, ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged, ButtonTextTheme textTheme, // 按鈕文字主題 Color textColor, // 子元素顏色 Color disabledTextColor, // 不可點擊時子元素顏色 Color color, // 按鈕背景色 Color disabledColor, // 不可點擊時按鈕背景色 Color highlightColor, // 點擊高亮時按鈕背景色 Color splashColor, // 水波紋顏色 Brightness colorBrightness, // 顏色對比度 double elevation, // 陰影高度 double highlightElevation, // 高亮時陰影高度 double disabledElevation, // 不可點擊時陰影高度 EdgeInsetsGeometry padding, // 子元素周圍邊距 ShapeBorder shape, // 按鈕樣式 Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none, // 抗鋸齒剪切效果 MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize, Duration animationDuration, // 動畫時長 Widget child, }) const FlatButton({ Key key, @required VoidCallback onPressed, ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged, ButtonTextTheme textTheme, // 按鈕文字主題 Color textColor, // 子元素顏色 Color disabledTextColor, // 不可點擊時子元素顏色 Color color, // 按鈕背景色 Color disabledColor, // 不可點擊時按鈕背景色 Color highlightColor, // 點擊高亮時按鈕背景色 Color splashColor, // 水波紋顏色 Brightness colorBrightness, // 顏色對比度 EdgeInsetsGeometry padding, // 子元素周圍邊距 ShapeBorder shape, // 按鈕樣式 Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none, // 抗鋸齒剪切效果 MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize, @required Widget child, })
分析源碼可知,RaisedButton 與 FlatButton 基本完全相同,只是 RaisedButton 多了一些陰影高度的特有屬性,和尚準備同時對兩類 Button 進行嘗試,比較兩者的不同;
案例嘗試
- 和尚首先嘗試最基本的 RaisedButton / FlatButton 可點擊和不可點擊樣式;
// 可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) // 不可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null) FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null)

- ButtonTextTheme 為默認子元素主題,可以設置基本的三種主題樣式:nomal 對應 [ThemeData.brightness];primary 對應 [ThemeData.primaryColor];accent 對應 [ThemeData.accentColor];展示效果比較明顯;
RaisedButton(child: Text('R.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) RaisedButton(child: Text('R.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) RaisedButton(child: Text('R.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) FlatButton(child: Text('F.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) FlatButton(child: Text('F.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) FlatButton(child: Text('F.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) OutlineButton(child: Text('O.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) OutlineButton(child: Text('O.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) OutlineButton(child: Text('O.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))

- textColor 為子 Widget 中元素顏色,不僅為文字顏色;disabledTextColor 為不可點擊時子 Widget 元素顏色;splashColor 為點擊時水波紋顏色;
// 可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]), textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {}) FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]), textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {}) // 不可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]), textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null) FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]), textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)

- color 為 Button 背景色;highlightColor 為點擊時高亮背景色;disabledColor 為不可點擊時背景色;
// 可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {}, color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4), splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7)) FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {}, color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4), splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7)) // 不可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4)) FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4),)

- shape 為 Button 形狀;因按鈕沒有 Material 中 hight 屬性,需要採用 padding 或外層依賴其他 Widget 調整按鈕大小;
RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {} padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0), shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0)))) FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {} padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0), shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))

- colorBrightness 代表顏色對比度,一般分為 light / dark 兩種;一般時深色的背景需要淺色的文字對比,淺色的背景需要深色的文字對比;
// 可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {}) RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {}) FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {}) FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {}) // 不可點擊 RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null) RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null) FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null) FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)

- RaisedButton / FlatButton 均提供了 .icon 帶圖標的簡單方式,icon / label 兩個屬性是必須屬性;注意,.icon 方式中 RaisedButton 沒有 padding 屬性;
RaisedButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('RaisedButton'), shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {}) FlatButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('FlatButton'), padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0), shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})

- elevation 為 RaisedButton 所特有的陰影高度;highlightElevation 為高亮時陰影高度;disabledColor 為不可點擊時陰影高度;
RaisedButton(child: Text('陰影'), elevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {}) RaisedButton(child: Text('陰影'), elevation: 0.0, highlightElevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {}) RaisedButton(child: Text('陰影'), disabledElevation: 20.0, onPressed: null)

OutlineButton
源碼分析
const OutlineButton({ Key key, @required VoidCallback onPressed, ButtonTextTheme textTheme, // 按鈕文字主題 Color textColor, // 文字顏色 Color disabledTextColor, // 不可點擊時文字顏色 Color color, // 按鈕背景色 Color highlightColor, // 高亮時顏色 Color splashColor, // 水波紋顏色 double highlightElevation, // 高亮時陰影高度 this.borderSide, // 邊框樣式 this.disabledBorderColor, // 不可點擊時邊框顏色 this.highlightedBorderColor, // 高亮時邊框顏色 EdgeInsetsGeometry padding, // 內容周圍邊距 ShapeBorder shape, // 按鈕樣式 Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none, // 抗鋸齒剪切效果 Widget child, })
分析源碼可知,OutlineButton 與其他兩種按鈕略有不同,強調邊框的樣式屬性且無長按的 tooltip 屬性;
案例嘗試
- 和尚首先嘗試一個最基本的 OutlineButton;長按無提醒;
OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))

- 和尚嘗試與其他按鈕相同的幾類按鈕屬性,使用方式相同;
OutlineButton( child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('OutlineButton') ]), textColor: Colors.pink, disabledTextColor: Colors.green, padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0), color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2), highlightColor: Colors.amber, borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0), highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown, disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent, shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))), clipBehavior: Clip.none, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))

- 以下為 OutlineButton 特有屬性:borderSide 代表邊框樣式;disabledBorderColor 代表不可點擊時邊框顏色;highlightedBorderColor 代表高亮時邊框顏色;其中 borderSide 可以設置邊框顏色寬度及樣式(solid / none);
OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid), highlightedBorderColor: Colors.teal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid), disabledBorderColor: Colors.redAccent, onPressed: null)

- OutlineButton 還提供了 .icon 帶圖標的簡單方式,icon / label 兩個屬性是必須屬性;
OutlineButton.icon( icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('OutlineButton'), textColor: Colors.pink, disabledTextColor: Colors.green, padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0), color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2), highlightColor: Colors.amber, borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0), highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown, disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent, shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))), clipBehavior: Clip.none, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))

擴展
1. textColor 的作用?
和尚原來以為按鈕的子元素是 Widget,可自由設置各類效果,單獨的 textColor 是否會略顯多餘;可實際並非如此,子元素設置顏色等之後 textColor 不生效;但 textColor 與主題相關;和尚以 OutlineButton 為例,一目了然;
// Text 設置顏色 OutlineButton( child: Text('OutlineButton', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.deepPurple)), onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) // textColor 設置顏色 OutlineButton( child: Text('OutlineButton'), textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))

2. 陰影如何改顏色?
使用 RaisedButton 時會自帶陰影效果,陰影的高度和高亮時的陰影高度均可自由設置;但是陰影的顏色應該如何處理呢,官方暫未提供陰影效果屬性;和尚嘗試了網上大神的方式,RaisedButton 外層依賴帶模糊陰影效果的 Container;和尚借鑒並稍微調整一下,解決方案並非最佳,僅作嘗試;
初始時定義一個默認的高度 height 作為陰影高度,監聽按鈕的 onHighlightChanged 方法更改 height 高度作為高亮時陰影高度;
建議: a. 使用高亮顏色時 highlightElevation 建議設置為 0.0; b. 若按鈕有樣式設置,依賴的 Container 也要設置相同的 shape 樣式;
var height = 5.0; Container( decoration: BoxDecoration( borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0), boxShadow: <BoxShadow>[ BoxShadow( color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.2), blurRadius: hight, offset: Offset(0, hight)) ]), child: RaisedButton( child: Text('RaisedButton'), padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 15.0), highlightElevation: 0.0, onHighlightChanged: (state) { setState(() { hight = (state) ? 20.0 : 5.0; }); }, shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)), onPressed: () => {}))
