【Flutter 專題】62 圖解基本 Button 按鈕小結 (二)

  • 2019 年 10 月 7 日
  • 筆記

和尚繼續嘗試 Flutter 的基本按鈕;今天和尚學習 MaterialButton 系列相關 Button;該系列以 MaterialButton 為父類,衍生出 RaisedButton 凸起按鈕,FlatButton 扁平按鈕和 OutlineButton 邊框按鈕;可根據不同場景靈活運用;

MaterialButton

源碼分析
const MaterialButton({      Key key,      @required this.onPressed,      this.onHighlightChanged,        // 高亮變化的回調      this.textTheme,                 // 文字主題      this.textColor,                 // 文字顏色      this.disabledTextColor,         // 不可點擊時文字顏色      this.color,                     // 背景色      this.disabledColor,             // 不可點擊時背景色      this.highlightColor,            // 點擊高亮時背景色      this.splashColor,               // 水波紋顏色      this.colorBrightness,      this.elevation,                 // 陰影高度      this.highlightElevation,        // 高亮時陰影高度      this.disabledElevation,         // 不可點擊時陰影高度      this.padding,                   // 內容周圍邊距      this.shape,                     // 按鈕樣式      this.clipBehavior = Clip.none,  // 抗鋸齒剪切效果      this.materialTapTargetSize,     // 點擊目標的最小尺寸      this.animationDuration,         // 動畫效果持續時長      this.minWidth,                  // 最小寬度      this.height,                    // 按鈕高度      this.child,   })  

分析源碼可知,MaterialButton 作為其他 Button 父類,各屬性比較清晰明了,有 hight 屬性可設置 Button 高度,其子類 Button 只可通過 padding 或其他方式調整高度;

案例嘗試

和尚測試發現 hight 可以設置 MaterialButton 高度,但 shape 按鈕形狀卻不適用;其父類 RawMaterialButton 卻正常;和尚嘗試網上大神的處理方式是外層依賴 Material 並需要 clip 裁切成 shape 樣式;有待進一步學習;

Material(      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),      clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,      child: MaterialButton(          color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4),          height: 60.0,          child: Text('MaterialButton'),          onPressed: () {}))

RaisedButton / FlatButton

源碼分析
const RaisedButton({      Key key,      @required VoidCallback onPressed,      ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged,      ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按鈕文字主題      Color textColor,                    // 子元素顏色      Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可點擊時子元素顏色      Color color,                        // 按鈕背景色      Color disabledColor,                // 不可點擊時按鈕背景色      Color highlightColor,               // 點擊高亮時按鈕背景色      Color splashColor,                  // 水波紋顏色      Brightness colorBrightness,         // 顏色對比度      double elevation,                   // 陰影高度      double highlightElevation,          // 高亮時陰影高度      double disabledElevation,           // 不可點擊時陰影高度      EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 子元素周圍邊距      ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按鈕樣式      Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗鋸齒剪切效果      MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize,      Duration animationDuration,         // 動畫時長      Widget child,  })    const FlatButton({      Key key,      @required VoidCallback onPressed,      ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged,      ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按鈕文字主題      Color textColor,                    // 子元素顏色      Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可點擊時子元素顏色      Color color,                        // 按鈕背景色      Color disabledColor,                // 不可點擊時按鈕背景色      Color highlightColor,               // 點擊高亮時按鈕背景色      Color splashColor,                  // 水波紋顏色      Brightness colorBrightness,         // 顏色對比度      EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 子元素周圍邊距      ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按鈕樣式      Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗鋸齒剪切效果      MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize,      @required Widget child,    })  

分析源碼可知,RaisedButtonFlatButton 基本完全相同,只是 RaisedButton 多了一些陰影高度的特有屬性,和尚準備同時對兩類 Button 進行嘗試,比較兩者的不同;

案例嘗試
  1. 和尚首先嘗試最基本的 RaisedButton / FlatButton 可點擊和不可點擊樣式;
// 可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    // 不可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null)  
  1. ButtonTextTheme 為默認子元素主題,可以設置基本的三種主題樣式:nomal 對應 [ThemeData.brightness]primary 對應 [ThemeData.primaryColor]accent 對應 [ThemeData.accentColor];展示效果比較明顯;
RaisedButton(child: Text('R.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    FlatButton(child: Text('F.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  FlatButton(child: Text('F.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  FlatButton(child: Text('F.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    OutlineButton(child: Text('O.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  OutlineButton(child: Text('O.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  OutlineButton(child: Text('O.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  
  1. textColor 為子 Widget 中元素顏色,不僅為文字顏色;disabledTextColor 為不可點擊時子 Widget 元素顏色;splashColor 為點擊時水波紋顏色;
// 可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})    // 不可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)  
  1. colorButton 背景色;highlightColor 為點擊時高亮背景色;disabledColor 為不可點擊時背景色;
// 可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {},      color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),      splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {},      color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),      splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))    // 不可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4),)  
  1. shapeButton 形狀;因按鈕沒有 Materialhight 屬性,需要採用 padding 或外層依賴其他 Widget 調整按鈕大小;
RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {}      padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {}      padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))  
  1. colorBrightness 代表顏色對比度,一般分為 light / dark 兩種;一般時深色的背景需要淺色的文字對比,淺色的背景需要深色的文字對比;
// 可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})    // 不可點擊  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)  
  1. RaisedButton / FlatButton 均提供了 .icon 帶圖標的簡單方式,icon / label 兩個屬性是必須屬性;注意,.icon 方式中 RaisedButton 沒有 padding 屬性;
RaisedButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('RaisedButton'),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('FlatButton'),      padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})  
  1. elevationRaisedButton 所特有的陰影高度;highlightElevation 為高亮時陰影高度;disabledColor 為不可點擊時陰影高度;
RaisedButton(child: Text('陰影'), elevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})  RaisedButton(child: Text('陰影'), elevation: 0.0, highlightElevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})  RaisedButton(child: Text('陰影'), disabledElevation: 20.0, onPressed: null)  

OutlineButton

源碼分析
const OutlineButton({      Key key,      @required VoidCallback onPressed,      ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按鈕文字主題      Color textColor,                    // 文字顏色      Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可點擊時文字顏色      Color color,                        // 按鈕背景色      Color highlightColor,               // 高亮時顏色      Color splashColor,                  // 水波紋顏色      double highlightElevation,          // 高亮時陰影高度      this.borderSide,                    // 邊框樣式      this.disabledBorderColor,           // 不可點擊時邊框顏色      this.highlightedBorderColor,        // 高亮時邊框顏色      EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 內容周圍邊距      ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按鈕樣式      Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗鋸齒剪切效果      Widget child,  })  

分析源碼可知,OutlineButton 與其他兩種按鈕略有不同,強調邊框的樣式屬性且無長按的 tooltip 屬性;

案例嘗試
  1. 和尚首先嘗試一個最基本的 OutlineButton;長按無提醒;
OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  
  1. 和尚嘗試與其他按鈕相同的幾類按鈕屬性,使用方式相同;
OutlineButton(      child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[        Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)),        Text('OutlineButton')      ]),      textColor: Colors.pink,      disabledTextColor: Colors.green,      padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),      color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),      highlightColor: Colors.amber,      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),      highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,      disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),      clipBehavior: Clip.none,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  
  1. 以下為 OutlineButton 特有屬性:borderSide 代表邊框樣式;disabledBorderColor 代表不可點擊時邊框顏色;highlightedBorderColor 代表高亮時邊框顏色;其中 borderSide 可以設置邊框顏色寬度及樣式(solid / none);
OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'),      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid),      highlightedBorderColor: Colors.teal,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'),      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid),      disabledBorderColor: Colors.redAccent,      onPressed: null)  
  1. OutlineButton 還提供了 .icon 帶圖標的簡單方式,icon / label 兩個屬性是必須屬性;
OutlineButton.icon(      icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit),      label: Text('OutlineButton'),      textColor: Colors.pink,      disabledTextColor: Colors.green,      padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),      color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),      highlightColor: Colors.amber,      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),      highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,      disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),      clipBehavior: Clip.none,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  

擴展

1. textColor 的作用?

和尚原來以為按鈕的子元素是 Widget,可自由設置各類效果,單獨的 textColor 是否會略顯多餘;可實際並非如此,子元素設置顏色等之後 textColor 不生效;但 textColor 與主題相關;和尚以 OutlineButton 為例,一目了然;

// Text 設置顏色  OutlineButton(      child: Text('OutlineButton', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.deepPurple)),      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  // textColor 設置顏色  OutlineButton(      child: Text('OutlineButton'), textColor: Colors.deepPurple,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  

2. 陰影如何改顏色?

使用 RaisedButton 時會自帶陰影效果,陰影的高度和高亮時的陰影高度均可自由設置;但是陰影的顏色應該如何處理呢,官方暫未提供陰影效果屬性;和尚嘗試了網上大神的方式,RaisedButton 外層依賴帶模糊陰影效果的 Container;和尚借鑒並稍微調整一下,解決方案並非最佳,僅作嘗試;

初始時定義一個默認的高度 height 作為陰影高度,監聽按鈕的 onHighlightChanged 方法更改 height 高度作為高亮時陰影高度;

建議: a. 使用高亮顏色時 highlightElevation 建議設置為 0.0; b. 若按鈕有樣式設置,依賴的 Container 也要設置相同的 shape 樣式;

var height = 5.0;  Container(      decoration: BoxDecoration(          borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0),          boxShadow: <BoxShadow>[            BoxShadow(                color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.2),                blurRadius: hight,                offset: Offset(0, hight))          ]),      child: RaisedButton(          child: Text('RaisedButton'),          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 15.0),          highlightElevation: 0.0,          onHighlightChanged: (state) {            setState(() {              hight = (state) ? 20.0 : 5.0;            });          },          shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),          onPressed: () => {}))