.Net Core依赖注入

一、配置文件的读取

利用Startup类中的configuration读取appsettings.json中的配置

{
"Logging": {
  "LogLevel": {
    "Default": "Warning"
  }
},
"option1": "value1_from_json",
"option2": 2,
"subsection": {
  "suboption1": "subvalue1_from_json",
  "Read": [
    "Data Source=.; Database=Customers_New1; User ID=sa; Password=Passw0rd; MultipleActiveResultSets=True",
    "Data Source=ElevenPC; Database=Customers_New2; User ID=sa; Password=Passw0rd; MultipleActiveResultSets=True",
    "Data Source=.; Database=Customers_New3; User ID=sa; Password=Passw0rd; MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
  ]
},
"wizards": [
  {
    "Name": "Gandalf",
    "Age": "1000"
  },
  {
    "Name": "Harry",
    "Age": "17"
  }
],
"AllowedHosts": "*"
}
 public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
 public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
 {
     Configuration = configuration;
 }
 
 this.Configuration["Option1"]
 this.Configuration["subsection:suboption1"]
 string[] _SqlConnectionStringRead = this._iConfiguration.GetSection("subsection").GetSection("Read").GetChildren().Select(s => s.Value).ToArray();

二、自带IOC容器

1.基本使用
  1. NuGet安装引用Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
  2. 实例化容器
  3. 注册服务
  4. 创建一个System.IServiceProvider提供程序
  5. 创建实例
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
 container.AddTransient<Interface,class>();
 IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();
 _Interface  interface = provider.GetService<_Interface>()
2.服务类型

1.container.AddTransient为瞬时生命周期,每次创建都是一个全新的实例

IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
container.AddTransient<Interface,class>();
IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();
_Interface  interface = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
_Interface  interface2 = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
bool bResult = object.ReferenceEquals(interface, interface2);
//b is false 
  

2.container.AddSingleton单例:全容器都是一个

IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
container.AddSingleton<Interface,class>();
IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();
_Interface  interface = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
_Interface  interface2 = provider.GetService<_Interface>();
bool bResult = object.ReferenceEquals(interface, interface2);
 //b is True 
    

3.container.AddScoped请求单例,一个请求代表一个作用域

IServiceCollection container = new ServiceCollection();
container.AddScoped<Interface,class>();
IServiceProvider provider = container.BuildServiceProvider();

//创建一个Scope作用域,那么由这个域创建的实例是独立的(相较Scope1)
IServiceScope Scope = provider.CreateScope();
//创建一个Scope1作用域,那么由这个域创建的实例是独立的
IServiceScope Scope1 = provider.CreateScope();

_Interface  interface =Scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<_Interface>();
_Interface  interface2 = Scope1.ServiceProvider.GetService<_Interface>();
bool bResult = object.ReferenceEquals(interface, interface2);
 //b is false 
    

三、自带IOC容器(IServiceCollection)基础

1.生命周期

1.瞬时,即时构造,即时销毁

services.AddTransient<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>();

2.单例,永远只构造一次

 services.AddSingleton<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();

3.作用域单例,一次请求只构造一个

  services.AddScoped<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>(); 
2.实例解析
public TestServiceA()
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
}

public TestServiceB(ITestServiceA iTestServiceA)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
}

public TestServiceC(ITestServiceB iTestServiceB)
{
 Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
}

public TestServiceD()
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
}

public TestServiceE(ITestServiceC serviceC)
{
   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
}

//1.A类构造
//2.B类构造需要A类
//3.C类构造需要B类
//4.D类构造
//5.E类构造需要C类

//瞬时
services.AddTransient<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>();
//单例
services.AddSingleton<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();
//作用域单例
services.AddScoped<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();
//瞬时
services.AddTransient<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>();
//瞬时
services.AddTransient<ITestServiceE, TestServiceE>();

第一次请求解析

1.开始构造A类,因为是瞬时生命周期那么第一次请求就会被构造,然后销毁

2.在构造B类时需要A类,那么会首先构造A类(因为A类瞬时上一次已经被销毁),然后构造B类为单例

3.开始构造C,在构造时需要B类,因为B类全局单例,那就会直接构造C为作用域单例

4.直接构造瞬时D类

5.开始构造E类,构造式需要C类,因为C类为作用域单例,那么就会直接构造E类为瞬时

第一次请求结论

  1. 输出A
  2. 输出A,B
  3. 输出C
  4. 输出D
  5. 输出E

第二次请求解析

1.开始构造A类,因为是瞬时生命周期那么第二次请求就会重新被构造,然后销毁

2.在构造B类时因为在第一次请求时已经构造为单例,所以不再被构造

3.开始重新构造C,因为C在第二次请求为新的作用域,在构造时需要B类,因为B类全局单例,那就会直接构造C为作用域单例

4.直接构造瞬时D类

5.开始构造E类,构造式需要C类,因为C类为作用域单例,那么就会直接构造E类为瞬时

第二次请求结论

1.输出A
2.输出C
3.输出D
4.输出E

如果不想通过构造全部自动注入,能自定义注入

1.using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

2.首先注入 IServiceProvider serviceProvider,利用serviceProcider.GetService();生成需要的实例

四、利用AutoFac容器替换自带容器

1.下载Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection和Autofac包

2.在Program网站启动时替换默认IOC工厂实例为Autofac,UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory())

3.在Startup类中添加方法public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder services){services.RegisterType().As().SingleInstance();}

 //返回值为IServiceProvider
 public IServiceProvider ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder services)
 {
  services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
  {
      options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
      options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
  });
  services.AddSession();
  services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
  //services.RegisterType<TestServiceE>().As<ITestServiceE>().SingleInstance();
   services.RegisterModule<CustomMoudle>();

}
1.批量注册模块

public class CustomAutofacModule : Module
{
    //重新load 添加注册服务
    //可以实现实例控制
    //接口约束
   protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder)
   {
       containerBuilder.Register(c => new CustomAutofacAop());
      
      //设置为属性注入
       containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceA>().As<ITestServiceA>().SingleInstance().PropertiesAutowired();
       
       containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceC>().As<ITestServiceC>();
       containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceB>().As<ITestServiceB>();
       containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestServiceD>().As<ITestServiceD>();

       containerBuilder.RegisterType<A>().As<IA>().EnableInterfaceInterceptors();
   }
}

五、利用AutoFac实现AOP

1.基本使用

1.NuGet安装引用Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy

2.引用using Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy;

3.创建类库继承自IInterceptor实现接口

4.自定义的Autofac的AOP扩展

 //注册,模块
public class CustomAutofacModule : Module
{
     //重新load 添加注册服务
     //可以实现实例控制
     //接口约束
    protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder)
    {
        //注册AOP
        containerBuilder.Register(c => new CustomAutofacAop());
        //开启aop扩展
        containerBuilder.RegisterType<A>().As<IA>().EnableInterfaceInterceptors();
    }
}

public class CustomAutofacAop : IInterceptor
{
   public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
   {
       Console.WriteLine($"invocation.Methond={invocation.Method}");
       Console.WriteLine($"invocation.Arguments={string.Join(",", invocation.Arguments)}");

       invocation.Proceed(); //继续执行

       Console.WriteLine($"方法{invocation.Method}执行完成了");
   }
}