人工智能治理应该集中化吗?历史的设计课堂（Computers and Society）
- 2020 年 1 月 13 日
- 笔记
有效的国际人工智能治理还会是碎片化的吗?还是需要一个集中化的国际人工智能组织?我们借鉴了其他国际制度的历史，以确定在集中人工智能治理方面的优势和劣势。还有一些考虑因素，如效率和政治权力，它们都支持集中化。相反，创建一个缓慢而脆弱的机构的风险，以及在创建严格规则的同时确保参与的难度，都对其不利。其它考虑因素取决于中央机构的具体设计。一个设计良好的机构可能能够阻止挑选法院，并确保政策协调。然而，挑选法院可能是有益的，机构的碎片化格局可能是自组织的。集中化需要权衡利弊，细节很重要。最后，我们提出两项核心建议。首先，结果将取决于中央机构的准确设计。一个精心设计、涵盖一系列连贯问题的中央集权制度可能是有益的。但是，封闭一个不完善的结构可能会导致比分裂更糟糕的命运。其次，就目前而言，碎片化可能会持续下去。应该密切监控这一点，看看它是自组织的，还是仅仅是不充分的。
原文标题：Computers and Society：Should Artificial Intelligence Governance be Centralised? Design Lessons from History
原文：Can effective international governance for artificial intelligence remain fragmented, or is there a need for a centralised international organisation for AI? We draw on the history of other international regimes to identify advantages and disadvantages in centralising AI governance. Some considerations, such as efficiency and political power, speak in favour of centralisation. Conversely, the risk of creating a slow and brittle institution speaks against it, as does the difficulty in securing participation while creating stringent rules. Other considerations depend on the specific design of a centralised institution. A well-designed body may be able to deter forum shopping and ensure policy coordination. However, forum shopping can be beneficial and a fragmented landscape of institutions can be self-organising. Centralisation entails trade-offs and the details matter. We conclude with two core recommendations. First, the outcome will depend on the exact design of a central institution. A well-designed centralised regime covering a set of coherent issues could be beneficial. But locking-in an inadequate structure may pose a fate worse than fragmentation. Second, for now fragmentation will likely persist. This should be closely monitored to see if it is self-organising or simply inadequate.
原文作者：Peter Cihon,Matthijs M. Maas,Luke Kemp
原文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.03573
