vagrant构建centos虚拟环境

• 2021 年 5 月 1 日
• 笔记
• linux

• vagrant搭建centos
  • 什么是vagrant
  • 如何使用
    • 1、构建本地的目录
    • 2、官方下载对应的镜像文件，官方下载地址
    • 3、导入刚刚下载的镜像(box文件)
    • 4、初始化
    • 5、修改Vagrantfile中的box名称
    • 6、启动
    • 7、登入
  • 同时构建多台
    • 修改Vagrantfile
    • 启动
  • vagrant中的网络
    • 私有网络
    • 公有网络
  • 常用的命令
  • 参考

vagrant搭建centos

什么是vagrant

Vagrant 是一个简单易用的部署工具，用英文说应该是 Orchestration Tool 。它能帮助开发人员迅速的构建一个开发环境，帮助测试人员构建测试环境，Vagrant 基于 Ruby 开发，使用开源 VirtualBox 作为虚拟化支持，可以轻松的跨平台部署。

如何使用

1、构建本地的目录

 /Users/yj/vagrant/centos7

2、官方下载对应的镜像文件，官方下载地址

MacBook-Pro-3:centos7 yj$ wget //github.com/CommanderK5/packer-centos-template/releases/download/0.7.2/vagrant-centos-7.2.box

3、导入刚刚下载的镜像(box文件)

MacBook-Pro-3:centos7 yj$ vagrant box add centos7.2 /Users/yj/vagrant/centos7/vagrant-centos-7.2.box 
==> vagrant: A new version of Vagrant is available: 2.2.15 (installed version: 2.2.14)!
==> vagrant: To upgrade visit: //www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html

==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'centos7.2' (v0) for provider: 
    box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/yj/vagrant/centos7/vagrant-centos-7.2.box
==> box: Successfully added box 'centos7.2' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

4、初始化

MacBook-Pro-3:centos7 yj$ vagrant init

这时候当前目录会生成一个Vagrantfile文件

5、修改Vagrantfile中的box名称

config.vm.box = "centos7-1"

6、启动

MacBook-Pro-3:centos7 yj$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos7-1'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: centos7_default_1619487768038_36727
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2200.
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2200 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Connection reset. Retrying...
    default: 
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default: 
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    default: your host and reload your VM.
    default: 
    default: Guest Additions Version: 5.0.14
    default: VirtualBox Version: 6.1
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => /Users/yj/vagrant/centos7

7、登入

可直接只用vagrant ssh登入

MacBook-Pro-3:centos7 yj$ vagrant ssh
Last failed login: Mon Apr 26 22:52:26 BRT 2021 from 10.0.2.2 on ssh:notty
There were 5 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Mon Apr 26 22:50:07 2021 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ 

也可以使用ssh

$ ssh -p 2200 [email protected]

上面启动的时候已经告诉我们地址和端口了

账号:root  
密码:vagrant

同时构建多台

修改Vagrantfile

修改之前产生的Vagrantfile文件为

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  
  config.vm.define "centos7-1" do |vb|
      config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
      v.memory = 1024
      v.cpus = 1
    end
  vb.vm.host_name = "centos7-1"
  vb.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.111"
  vb.vm.box = "centos7.2"
  end

  config.vm.define "centos7-2" do |vb1|
      config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
      v.memory = 1024
      v.cpus = 1
    end
  vb1.vm.host_name = "centos7-2"
  vb1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.112"
  vb1.vm.box = "centos7.2"
  end

  config.vm.define "centos7-3" do |vb2|
      config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
      v.memory = 1024
      v.cpus = 1
    end
  vb2.vm.host_name = "centos7-3"
  vb2.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.113"
  vb2.vm.box = "centos7.2"
  end
end

网络使用的是私有网络，私有网络和公有网络区别可以看下文

启动

MacBook-Pro-3:centos7 yj$ vagrant up

默认的账号还是root，密码还是vagrant

这里设置了静态的ip,我们就可以通过静态ip直接访问虚拟机了

$ ssh [email protected]

vagrant中的网络

私有网络

private_network

私有网络，对应于virtualbox的host-only网络模型，这种模型下，虚拟机之间和宿主机(的虚拟网卡)之间可以互相通信，但不在该网络内的设备无法访问虚拟机

如果私有网络的虚机不在一个网络，vagrant为这些private_network网络配置的IP地址并不在同一个网段。vagrant会自动为不同网段创建对应的host-only网络。

所以使用private_network如果没有外部机器(虚拟机宿主机之外的机器)连接，使用这种方式设置的静态ip，能够摆脱主机网络变换的限制。

PS:比如public_network如果更换了wefi连接，之前设置的静态ip可能就不可用了，因为网段不一样了。

vb1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.112"

公有网络

public_network

公有网络，对应于virtualbox的桥接模式，这种模式下，虚拟机的网络和宿主机的物理网卡是平等的，它们在同一个网络内，虚拟机可以访问外网，外界网络(特指能访问物理网卡的设备)也能访问虚拟机

vagrant为virtualbox配置的public_network，其本质是将虚拟机加入到了virtualbox的桥接网络内。

vagrant在将虚拟机的网卡加入桥接网络时，默认会交互式地询问用户要和哪个宿主机上的网卡进行桥接，一般来说，应该选择可以上外网的物理设备进行桥接。

由于需要非交互式选择或者需要先指定要桥接的设备名，而且不同用户的网络环境不一样，因此如非必要，一般不在vagrant中为虚拟机配置public_network。

公有网络的iP网络要和主机的网段一致。

vb.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.44.111",bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

常用的命令

参考

【熟练使用vagrant(11)：vagrant配置虚拟机网络】//www.junmajinlong.com/virtual/vagrant/vagrant_network/