Python[7] ：Python製作j
- 2020 年 1 月 6 日
- 筆記
api（應用程序編程接口）
API（Application Programming Interface,應用程序編程接口）是一些預先定義的函數，目的是提供應用程序與開發人員基於某軟件或硬件得以訪問一組例程的能力，而又無需訪問源碼，或理解內部工作機制的細節。
繼承前幾篇文章，圍繞資產管理搜集的信息，進行這篇文章的api
一、sqlite數據庫的基本使用
資產管理的後台數據庫用的是sqlite，這個是輕量級的數據庫，大家可能對這個數據庫很陌生。那麼我們就簡單的來看看這個數據庫是如何使用的？
1、登陸sqlite
[root@localhost ~]# cd Simplecmdb [root@localhost Simplecmdb]# ls Boot_django.sh curl_post_test_v2.sh db.sqlite3 manage.py Simplecmdb curl_post_test_v1.sh curl_post_test_v3.py hostinfo post_hostinfo.py [root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py shell /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py:58: RuntimeWarning: SQLite received a naive datetime (2015-03-03 16:18:21.229988) while time zone support is active. RuntimeWarning) Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Feb 22 2013, 00:00:18) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 1.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]:
2、查看models.py
文件中有Host和HostGroup兩個類，每個類中都定義了字段名和數據類型
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# cat hostinfo/models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length=50) ip = models.IPAddressField() osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50) memory = models.CharField(max_length=50) disk = models.CharField(max_length=50) vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50) model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50) product = models.CharField(max_length=50) Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50) sn = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __str__(self): return self.hostname class HostGroup(models.Model): groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50) members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
3、將資產管理數據結構導入到當前的環境中並使用
In [1]: from hostinfo.models import * In [3]: HostGroup. #有很多方法可以使用 HostGroup.DoesNotExist HostGroup.delete HostGroup.save HostGroup.MultipleObjectsReturned HostGroup.full_clean HostGroup.save_base HostGroup.add_to_class HostGroup.members HostGroup.serializable_value HostGroup.clean HostGroup.mro HostGroup.unique_error_message HostGroup.clean_fields HostGroup.objects HostGroup.validate_unique HostGroup.copy_managers HostGroup.pk HostGroup.date_error_message HostGroup.prepare_database_save In [3]: HostGroup.objects.all() #查看類中所有的對象（5個），返回值為列表 Out[3]: [<HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>] In [5]: hg = HostGroup.objects.all()[0] #取第一個對象並賦值為hg In [6]: hg. #hg中的方法 hg.DoesNotExist hg.delete hg.objects hg.serializable_value hg.MultipleObjectsReturned hg.full_clean hg.pk hg.unique_error_message hg.clean hg.groupname hg.prepare_database_save hg.validate_unique hg.clean_fields hg.id hg.save hg.date_error_message hg.members hg.save_base In [6]: hg.groupname #查看對應的組的名字 Out[6]: u'nginx' In [7]: hg.members #查看成員，返回值是一個對象，是對象就有方法和屬性 Out[7]: <django.db.models.fields.related.ManyRelatedManager at 0x2156f10> In [8]: hg.members.all() #查看所有成員 Out[8]: [<Host: nginx_master.com>, <Host: nginx_slave.com>] In [10]: h = hg.members.all()[0] In [12]: h. h.DoesNotExist h.delete h.memory h.save h.Manufacturer h.disk h.model_name h.save_base h.MultipleObjectsReturned h.full_clean h.objects h.serializable_value h.clean h.hostgroup_set h.osversion h.sn h.clean_fields h.hostname h.pk h.unique_error_message h.cpu_core h.id h.prepare_database_save h.validate_unique h.date_error_message h.ip h.product h.vendor_id In [12]: h.hostname Out[12]: u'nginx_master.com' In [13]: h.ip Out[13]: u'192.168.1.200' In [14]: h.ip = '192.168.1.234' #修改記錄 In [15]: h.ip Out[15]: '192.168.1.234' In [16]: h.save() #保存到數據庫中，會在後台admin頁面中看到
二、api（json）
1、實現json格式api的草圖
2、在命令行中實現上述效果
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py shell /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py:58: RuntimeWarning: SQLite received a naive datetime (2015-03-03 16:36:45.158750) while time zone support is active. RuntimeWarning) Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Feb 22 2013, 00:00:18) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 1.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]: from hostinfo.models import * In [2]: d = [] In [3]: hg = HostGroup.objects.all() In [4]: for g in hg: ...: ret = {'groupname':g.groupname,'members':[]} ...: for h in g.members.all(): ...: ret_h = {'hostname':h.hostname,'ip':h.ip} ...: ret['members'].append(ret_h) ...: d.append(ret) ...: In [5]: print d [{'groupname': u'nginx', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.234', 'hostname': u'nginx_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.201', 'hostname': u'nginx_slave.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'mongodb', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.121', 'hostname': u'mongodb.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'db', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.105', 'hostname': u'mysql_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.106', 'hostname': u'mysql_slave.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'tomcat', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.109', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node1.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.110', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node2.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.111', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node3.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.112', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node4.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'memcached', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.120', 'hostname': u'memory.com'}]}] 對上述列表遍歷能看的更清楚 In [6]: for i in d: ...: print i ...: {'groupname': u'nginx', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.234', 'hostname': u'nginx_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.201', 'hostname': u'nginx_slave.com'}]} {'groupname': u'mongodb', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.121', 'hostname': u'mongodb.com'}]} {'groupname': u'db', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.105', 'hostname': u'mysql_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.106', 'hostname': u'mysql_slave.com'}]} {'groupname': u'tomcat', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.109', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node1.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.110', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node2.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.111', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node3.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.112', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node4.com'}]} {'groupname': u'memcached', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.120', 'hostname': u'memory.com'}]}
3、api（json）
3.1、添加訪問的api的url
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim Simplecmdb/urls.py from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hostinfo$','hostinfo.views.index'), url(r'^hostinfo/getjson$','hostinfo.views.getjson'), )
3.2、定義響應請求的視圖文件
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse from hostinfo.models import Host from hostinfo.models import HostGroup import pickle import json # Create your views here. def index(req): if req.method == 'POST': pick_obj = json.loads(req.body) hostname = pick_obj['hostname'] ip = pick_obj['ip'] osversion = pick_obj['osversion'] memory = pick_obj['memory'] disk = pick_obj['disk'] vendor_id = pick_obj['vendor_id'] model_name = pick_obj['model_name'] cpu_core = pick_obj['cpu_core'] product = pick_obj['product'] Manufacturer = pick_obj['Manufacturer'] sn = pick_obj['sn'] try: host = Host.objects.get(hostname=hostname) except: host = Host() host.hostname = hostname host.ip = ip host.osversion = osversion host.memory = memory host.disk = disk host.vendor_id = vendor_id host.model_name = model_name host.cpu_core = cpu_core host.product = product host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer host.sn = sn host.save() return HttpResponse('ok') else: return HttpResponse('no data') #添加如下行 def getjson(req): hg = HostGroup.objects.all() d = [] for g in hg: ret = {'groupname':g.groupname,'members':[]} for h in g.members.all(): ret_h = {'hostname':h.hostname,'ip':h.ip} ret['members'].append(ret_h) d.append(ret) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(d))
3.3、瀏覽器訪問（需要注意，必須啟動JSONView才能如下顯示）
三、api（shell）
1、實現json格式api的草圖
API -----shell格式----- web node1 192.168.1.10 web node2 192.168.1.11 db node3 192.168.1.11
2、api（shell）
2.1、添加訪問的api的url
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim Simplecmdb/urls.py from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hostinfo$','hostinfo.views.index'), url(r'^hostinfo/getjson$','hostinfo.views.getjson'), url(r'^hostinfo/gettxt$','hostinfo.views.gettxt'), )
2.2、定義響應請求的視圖文件
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse from hostinfo.models import Host from hostinfo.models import HostGroup import pickle import json # Create your views here. def index(req): if req.method == 'POST': pick_obj = json.loads(req.body) hostname = pick_obj['hostname'] ip = pick_obj['ip'] osversion = pick_obj['osversion'] memory = pick_obj['memory'] disk = pick_obj['disk'] vendor_id = pick_obj['vendor_id'] model_name = pick_obj['model_name'] cpu_core = pick_obj['cpu_core'] product = pick_obj['product'] Manufacturer = pick_obj['Manufacturer'] sn = pick_obj['sn'] try: host = Host.objects.get(hostname=hostname) except: host = Host() host.hostname = hostname host.ip = ip host.osversion = osversion host.memory = memory host.disk = disk host.vendor_id = vendor_id host.model_name = model_name host.cpu_core = cpu_core host.product = product host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer host.sn = sn host.save() return HttpResponse('ok') else: return HttpResponse('no data') def getjson(req): hg = HostGroup.objects.all() d = [] for g in hg: ret = {'groupname':g.groupname,'members':[]} for h in g.members.all(): ret_h = {'hostname':h.hostname,'ip':h.ip} ret['members'].append(ret_h) d.append(ret) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(d)) #添加如下行 def gettxt(req): str = '' hg = HostGroup.objects.all() for g in hg: for h in g.members.all(): str += g.groupname + h.hostname + ' ' + h.ip + ' ' + 'n' return HttpResponse(str)
2.3 瀏覽器訪問
2.4 命令行訪問
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.1.210/hostinfo/gettxt nginxnginx_master.com 192.168.1.234 nginxnginx_slave.com 192.168.1.201 mongodbmongodb.com 192.168.1.121 dbmysql_master.com 192.168.1.105 dbmysql_slave.com 192.168.1.106 tomcattomcat_node1.com 192.168.1.109 tomcattomcat_node2.com 192.168.1.110 tomcattomcat_node3.com 192.168.1.111 tomcattomcat_node4.com 192.168.1.112 memcachedmemory.com 192.168.1.120
