【問題記錄】- 谷歌瀏覽器 Html生成PDF
起因:
由於項目需要實現將網頁靜默打印效果,那麼直接使用瀏覽器打印功能無法達到靜默打印效果。
瀏覽器打印都會彈出預覽界面(如下圖),無法達到靜默打印。
解決方案:
谷歌瀏覽器提供了將html直接打印成pdf並保存成文件方法,然後再將pdf進行靜默打印。
在調用谷歌命令前,需要獲取當前谷歌安裝位置:
public static class ChromeFinder { #region 獲取應用程序目錄 private static void GetApplicationDirectories(ICollection<string> directories) { if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { const string subDirectory = "Google\\Chrome\\Application"; directories.Add(Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ProgramFiles), subDirectory)); directories.Add(Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ProgramFilesX86), subDirectory)); } else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux)) { directories.Add("/usr/local/sbin"); directories.Add("/usr/local/bin"); directories.Add("/usr/sbin"); directories.Add("/usr/bin"); directories.Add("/sbin"); directories.Add("/bin"); directories.Add("/opt/google/chrome"); } else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX)) throw new Exception("Finding Chrome on MacOS is currently not supported, please contact the programmer."); } #endregion #region 獲取當前程序目錄 private static string GetAppPath() { var appPath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory; if (appPath.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString())) return appPath; return appPath + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar; } #endregion #region 查找 /// <summary> /// 嘗試查找谷歌程序 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static string Find() { // 對於Windows,我們首先檢查註冊表。這是最安全的方法,也考慮了非默認安裝位置。請注意,Chrome x64當前(2019年2月)也安裝在程序文件(x86)中,並使用相同的註冊表項! if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { var key = Registry.GetValue(@"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Google Chrome","InstallLocation", string.Empty); if (key != null) { var path = Path.Combine(key.ToString(), "chrome.exe"); if (File.Exists(path)) return path; } } // 收集常用的可執行文件名 var exeNames = new List<string>(); if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) exeNames.Add("chrome.exe"); else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux)) { exeNames.Add("google-chrome"); exeNames.Add("chrome"); exeNames.Add("chromium"); exeNames.Add("chromium-browser"); } else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX)) { exeNames.Add("Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome"); exeNames.Add("Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium"); } //檢查運行目錄 var currentPath = GetAppPath(); foreach (var exeName in exeNames) { var path = Path.Combine(currentPath, exeName); if (File.Exists(path)) return path; } //在通用軟件安裝目錄中查找谷歌程序文件 var directories = new List<string>(); GetApplicationDirectories(directories); foreach (var exeName in exeNames) { foreach (var directory in directories) { var path = Path.Combine(directory, exeName); if (File.Exists(path)) return path; } } return null; } #endregion }
1、命令方式:
通過命令方式啟動谷歌進程,傳入網頁地址、pdf保存位置等信息,將html轉換成pdf:
/// <summary> /// 運行cmd命令 /// </summary> /// <param name="command"></param> private void RunCMD(string command) { Process p = new Process(); p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe"; p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; //是否使用操作系統shell啟動 p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;//接受來自調用程序的輸入信息 p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;//由調用程序獲取輸出信息 p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;//重定向標準錯誤輸出 p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;//不顯示程序窗口 p.Start();//啟動程序 //向cmd窗口發送輸入信息 p.StandardInput.WriteLine(command + "&exit"); p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true; //p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit"); //向標準輸入寫入要執行的命令。這裡使用&是批處理命令的符號,表示前面一個命令不管是否執行成功都執行後面(exit)命令,如果不執行exit命令,後面調用ReadToEnd()方法會假死 //同類的符號還有&&和||前者表示必須前一個命令執行成功才會執行後面的命令,後者表示必須前一個命令執行失敗才會執行後面的命令 //獲取cmd窗口的輸出信息 p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); p.WaitForExit();//等待程序執行完退出進程 p.Close(); } public void GetPdf(string url, List<string> args = null) { var chromeExePath = ChromeFinder.Find(); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(chromeExePath)) { MessageBox.Show("獲取谷歌瀏覽器地址失敗"); return; } var outpath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "tmppdf"); if (!Directory.Exists(outpath)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(outpath); } outpath = Path.Combine(outpath, DateTime.Now.Ticks + ".pdf"); if (args == null) { args = new List<string>(); args.Add("--start-in-incognito");//隱身模式 args.Add("--headless");//無界面模式 args.Add("--disable-gpu");//禁用gpu加速 args.Add("--print-to-pdf-no-header");//打印生成pdf無頁眉頁腳 args.Add($"--print-to-pdf=\"{outpath}\" \"{url}\"");//打印生成pdf到指定目錄 } string command = $"\"{chromeExePath}\""; if (args != null && args.Count > 0) { foreach (var item in args) { command += $" {item} "; } } Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); sw.Start(); RunCMD(command); sw.Stop(); MessageBox.Show(sw.ElapsedMilliseconds + "ms"); }
其中最主要的命令參數包含:
a) –headless:無界面
b) –print-to-pdf-no-header :打印生成pdf不包含頁眉頁腳
c) –print-to-pdf:將頁面打印成pdf,參數值為輸出地址
存在問題:
-
- 通過該方式會生成多個谷歌進程(多達5個),並且頻繁的創建進程在性能較差時,會導致生成pdf較慢
- 在某些情況下,谷歌創建的進程:未能完全退出,導致後續生成pdf未執行。
異常進程參數類似:–type=crashpad-handler “–user-data-dir=xxx” /prefetch:7 –monitor-self-annotation=ptype=crashpad-handler “–database=xx” “–metrics-dir=xx” –url=//clients2.google.com/cr/report –annotation=channel= –annotation=plat=Win64 –annotation=prod=Chrome
那麼,有沒有方式能達到重用谷歌進程,並且能生成pdf操作呢? 那就需要使用第二種方式。
2、Chrome DevTools Protocol 方式
該方式主要步驟:
- 創建一個無界面谷歌進程
#region 啟動谷歌瀏覽器進程 /// <summary> /// 啟動谷歌進程,如已啟動則不啟動 /// </summary> /// <exception cref="ChromeException"></exception> private void StartChromeHeadless() { if (IsChromeRunning) { return; } var workingDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(_chromeExeFileName); _chromeProcess = new Process(); var processStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = _chromeExeFileName, Arguments = string.Join(" ", DefaultChromeArguments), CreateNoWindow = true, }; _chromeProcess.ErrorDataReceived += _chromeProcess_ErrorDataReceived; _chromeProcess.EnableRaisingEvents = true; processStartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; processStartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true; _chromeProcess.StartInfo = processStartInfo; _chromeProcess.Exited += _chromeProcess_Exited; try { _chromeProcess.Start(); } catch (Exception exception) { throw; } _chromeWaitEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); _chromeProcess.BeginErrorReadLine(); if (_conversionTimeout.HasValue) { if (!_chromeWaitEvent.WaitOne(_conversionTimeout.Value)) throw new Exception($"超過{_conversionTimeout.Value}ms,無法連接到Chrome開發工具"); } _chromeWaitEvent.WaitOne(); _chromeProcess.ErrorDataReceived -= _chromeProcess_ErrorDataReceived; _chromeProcess.Exited -= _chromeProcess_Exited; } /// <summary> /// 退出事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void _chromeProcess_Exited(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { if (_chromeProcess == null) return; var exception = Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(_chromeProcess.ExitCode); throw new Exception($"Chrome意外退出, {exception}"); } catch (Exception exception) { _chromeEventException = exception; _chromeWaitEvent.Set(); } }/// <summary> /// 當Chrome將數據發送到錯誤輸出時引發 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="args"></param> private void _chromeProcess_ErrorDataReceived(object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs args) { try { if (args.Data == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(args.Data) || args.Data.StartsWith("[")) return; if (!args.Data.StartsWith("DevTools listening on")) return; // DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:50160/devtools/browser/53add595-f351-4622-ab0a-5a4a100b3eae var uri = new Uri(args.Data.Replace("DevTools listening on ", string.Empty)); ConnectToDevProtocol(uri); _chromeProcess.ErrorDataReceived -= _chromeProcess_ErrorDataReceived; _chromeWaitEvent.Set(); } catch (Exception exception) { _chromeEventException = exception; _chromeWaitEvent.Set(); } } #endregion
- 從進程輸出信息中獲取瀏覽器ws連接地址,並創建ws連接;向谷歌瀏覽器進程發送ws消息:打開一個選項卡
WebSocket4Net.WebSocket _browserSocket = null; /// <summary> /// 創建連接 /// </summary> /// <param name="uri"></param> private void ConnectToDevProtocol(Uri uri) { //創建socket連接 //瀏覽器連接:ws://127.0.0.1:50160/devtools/browser/53add595-f351-4622-ab0a-5a4a100b3eae _browserSocket = new WebSocket4Net.WebSocket(uri.ToString()); _browserSocket.MessageReceived += WebSocket_MessageReceived; JObject jObject = new JObject();
jObject["id"] = 1;
jObject["method"] = "Target.createTarget"; jObject["params"] = new JObject(); jObject["params"]["url"] = "about:blank"; _browserSocket.Send(jObject.ToString()); //創建頁卡Socket連接 //頁卡連接:ws://127.0.0.1:50160/devtools/browser/53add595-f351-4622-ab0a-5a4a100b3eae var pageUrl = $"{uri.Scheme}://{uri.Host}:{uri.Port}/devtools/page/頁卡id"; }
- 根據devtools協議向當前頁卡創建ws連接
WebSocket4Net.WebSocket _pageSocket = null; private void WebSocket_MessageReceived(object sender, WebSocket4Net.MessageReceivedEventArgs e) { string msg = e.Message; var pars = JObject.Parse(msg); string id = pars["id"].ToString(); switch (id) { case "1": var pageUrl = $"{_browserUrl.Scheme}://{_browserUrl.Host}:{_browserUrl.Port}/devtools/page/{pars["result"]["targetId"].ToString()}"; _pageSocket = new WebSocket4Net.WebSocket(pageUrl); _pageSocket.MessageReceived += _pageSocket_MessageReceived; _pageSocket.Open(); break; } }
- 向頁卡發送命令,跳轉到需要生成pdf的頁面
//發送刷新命令 JObject jObject = new JObject(); jObject["method"] = "Page.navigate"; //方法 jObject["id"] = "2"; //id jObject["params"] = new JObject(); //參數 jObject["params"]["url"] = "//www.baidu.com"; _pageSocket.Send(jObject.ToString());
- 最後項該頁卡發送命令生成pdf
//發送刷新命令 jObject = new JObject(); jObject["method"] = "Page.printToPDF"; //方法 jObject["id"] = "3"; //id jObject["params"] = new JObject(); //參數打印參數設置 jObject["params"]["landscape"] = false; jObject["params"]["displayHeaderFooter"] = false; jObject["params"]["printBackground"] = false; _pageSocket.Send(jObject.ToString());
命令支持的詳細內容,詳細查看DevTools協議內容
參考:
DevTools協議: Chrome DevTools Protocol – Page domain
谷歌參數說明:List of Chromium Command Line Switches « Peter Beverloo