Linux電源管理(7)_Wakeup events framework

  • 2019 年 12 月 2 日
  • 筆記

1. 前言

本文繼續「Linux電源管理(6)_Generic PM之Suspend功能」中有關suspend同步以及PM wakeup的話題。這個話題,是近幾年Linux kernel最具爭議的話題之一,在國外Linux開發論壇,經常可以看到圍繞該話題的辯論。辯論的時間跨度和空間跨度可以持續很長,且無法達成一致。

wakeup events framework是這個話題的一個臨時性的解決方案,包括wake lock、wakeup count、autosleep等機制。它們就是本文的話題。

2. wakeup events framework要解決的問題

我們知道,系統處於suspend狀態,可通過wakeup events喚醒。具體的wakeup events可以是按鍵按下,可以是充電器插入,等等。但是,如果在suspend的過程中,產生了wakeup events,怎麼辦?答案很肯定,"wakeup"系統。由於此時系統沒有真正suspend,所以這的"wakeup"是個假動作,實際上只是終止suspend。

但由於系統在suspend的過程中,會進行process freeze、 device suspend等操作,而這些操作可能導致內核或用戶空間程序不能及時獲取wakeup events,從而使系統不能正確wakeup,這就是wakeup events framework要解決的問題:system suspend和system wakeup events之間的同步問題。

3. wakeup events framework的功能總結

仔細推敲一下,上面所講的同步問題包括兩種情況:

情況1:內核空間的同步

wakeup events產生後,通常是以中斷的形式通知device driver。driver會處理events,處理的過程中,系統不能suspend。 注1:同步問題只存在於中斷開啟的情況,因為若中斷關閉,就不會產生wakeup events,也就不存在同步的概念。

情況2:用戶空間的同步

一般情況下,driver對wakeup events處理後,會交給用戶空間程序繼續處理,處理的過程,也不允許suspend。這又可以分為兩種情況: 1)進行後續處理的用戶進程,根本沒有機會被調度,即該wakeup events無法上報到用戶空間。 2)進行後續處理的用戶進程被調度,處理的過程中(以及處理結束後,決定終止suspend操作),系統不能suspend。

因此,wakeup events framework就包括3大功能:

解決內核空間同步問題(framework的核心功能); 解決用戶空間同步問題的情景1(wakeup count功能); 解決用戶空間同步問題的情景2(wake lock功能) 。

注2: 用戶空間同步的兩種情況,咋一看,非常合乎情理,kernel你得好好處理!但事實上,該同步問題牽涉到了另外一個比較有爭議的話題:日常的電源管理機制。是否要基於suspend實現?系統何時進入低功耗狀態,應該由誰決定?kernel還是用戶空間程序?

這最終會決定是否存在用空間同步問題。但是,在當前這個時間點,對這個話題,Linux kernel developers和Android developers持相反的觀點。這也造成了wakeup events framework在實現上的撕裂。Kernel的本意是不願處理用戶空間同步問題的,但為了兼容Android平台,不得不增加相關的功能(Wakeup count和Wake lock)。

蝸蝸會在下一篇文章和大家探討該話題,本文就先focus在wakeup events framework上。

4. wakeup events framework architecture

下面圖片描述了wakeup events framework的architecture:

圖片中紅色邊框的block是wakeup events相關的block:

抽象wakeup source和wakeup event的概念; 向各個device driver提供wakeup source的註冊、使能等接口; 向各個device driver提供wakeup event的上報、停止等接口; 向上層的PM core(包括wakeup count、auto sleep、suspend、hibernate等模塊)提供wakeup event的查詢接口,以判斷是否可以suspend、是否需要終止正在進行的suspend。

2)wakeup events framework sysfs,將設備的wakeup信息,以sysfs的形式提供到用戶空間,供用戶空間程序查詢、配置。在drivers/base/power/sysfs.c中實現。

3)wake lock/unlock,為了兼容Android舊的wakeup lock機制而留下的一個後門,擴展wakeup events framework的功能,允許用戶空間程序報告/停止wakeup events。換句話說,該後門允許用戶空間的任一程序決定系統是否可以休眠。

4)wakeup count,基於wakeup events framework,解決用戶空間同步的問題。

5)auto sleep,允許系統在沒有活動時(即一段時間內,沒有產生wakeup event),自動休眠。

注3:在Linux kernel看來,power是系統的核心資源,不應開放給用戶程序隨意訪問(wake lock機制違背了這個原則)。而在運行時的電源管理過程中,系統何時進入低功耗狀態,也不是用戶空間程序能決定的(auto sleep中槍了)。因此,kernel對上述功能的支持,非常的不樂意,我們可以從kernel/power/main.c中sysfs attribute文件窺見一斑(只要定義了PM_SLEEP,就一定支持wakeup count功能,但autosleep和wake lock功能,由另外的宏定義控制):

   1: static struct attribute * g[] = {      2:         &state_attr.attr,      3: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_TRACE      4:         &pm_trace_attr.attr,      5:         &pm_trace_dev_match_attr.attr,      6: #endif      7: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP      8:         &pm_async_attr.attr,      9:         &wakeup_count_attr.attr,     10: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP     11:         &autosleep_attr.attr,     12: #endif     13: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_WAKELOCKS     14:         &wake_lock_attr.attr,     15:         &wake_unlock_attr.attr,     16: #endif     17: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_DEBUG     18:         &pm_test_attr.attr,     19: #endif     20: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP_DEBUG     21:         &pm_print_times_attr.attr,     22: #endif     23: #endif     24: #ifdef CONFIG_FREEZER     25:         &pm_freeze_timeout_attr.attr,     26: #endif     27:         NULL,     28: };

5. 代碼分析

5.1 wakeup source和wakeup event

在kernel中,可以喚醒系統的只有設備(struct device),但並不是每個設備都具備喚醒功能,那些具有喚醒功能的設備稱作wakeup source。是時候回到這篇文章中了(Linux設備模型(5)_device和device driver),在那裡,介紹struct device結構時,涉及到一個struct dev_pm_info類型的power變量,蝸蝸說留待後面的專題講解。我們再回憶一下struct device結構:

   1: struct device {     2:         ...     3:         struct dev_pm_info      power;     4:         ...     5: };

該結構中有一個power變量,保存了和wakeup event相關的信息,讓我們接着看一下struct dev_pm_info數據結構(只保留和本文有關的內容):

   1: struct dev_pm_info {     2:         ...     3:         unsigned int            can_wakeup:1;     4:         ...     5: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP     6:         ...     7:         struct wakeup_source    *wakeup;     8:         ...     9: #else    10:         unsigned int            should_wakeup:1;    11: #endif    12: };

can_wakeup,標識本設備是否具有喚醒能力。只有具備喚醒能力的設備,才會在sysfs中有一個power目錄,用於提供所有的wakeup信息,這些信息是以struct wakeup_source的形式組織起來的。也就是上面wakeup指針。具體有哪些信息呢?讓我們看看struct wakeup_source的定義。

   1: /* includelinuxpm_wakeup.h */     2: struct wakeup_source {     3:         const char              *name;     4:         struct list_head        entry;     5:         spinlock_t              lock;     6:         struct timer_list       timer;     7:         unsigned long           timer_expires;     8:         ktime_t total_time;     9:         ktime_t max_time;    10:         ktime_t last_time;    11:         ktime_t start_prevent_time;    12:         ktime_t prevent_sleep_time;    13:         unsigned long           event_count;    14:         unsigned long           active_count;    15:         unsigned long           relax_count;    16:         unsigned long           expire_count;    17:         unsigned long           wakeup_count;    18:         bool                    active:1;    19:         bool                    autosleep_enabled:1;    20: };

因此,一個wakeup source代表了一個具有喚醒能力的設備,也稱該設備為一個wakeup source。該結構中各個字段的意義如下:

name,該wakeup source的名稱,一般為對應的device name(有個例外,就是wakelock); entery,用於將所有的wakeup source掛在一個鏈表中; timer、timer_expires,一個wakeup source產生了wakeup event,稱作wakeup source activate,wakeup event處理完畢後(不再需要系統為此保持active),稱作deactivate。activate和deactivate的操作可以由driver親自設置,也可以在activate時,指定一個timeout時間,時間到達後,由wakeup events framework自動將其設置為deactivate狀態。這裡的timer以及expires時間,就是用來實現該功能; total_time,該wakeup source處於activate狀態的總時間(可以指示該wakeup source對應的設備的繁忙程度、耗電等級); max_time,該wakeup source持續處於activate狀態的最大時間(越長越不合理); last_time,該wakeup source上次active的開始時間; start_prevent_time,該wakeup source開始阻止系統自動睡眠(auto sleep)的時間點; prevent_sleep_time,該wakeup source阻止系統自動睡眠的總時間; event_count,wakeup source上報的event個數; active_count,wakeup source activate的次數; relax_count, wakeup source deactivate的次數; expire_count,wakeup source timeout到達的次數; wakeup_count,wakeup source終止suspend過程的次數; active,wakeup source的activate狀態; autosleep_enabled,記錄系統auto sleep的使能狀態(每個wakeup source都重複記錄這樣一個狀態,這種設計真實不敢恭維!)

wakeup source代表一個具有喚醒能力的設備,該設備產生的可以喚醒系統的事件,就稱作wakeup event。當wakeup source產生wakeup event時,需要將wakeup source切換為activate狀態;當wakeup event處理完畢後,要切換為deactivate狀態。因此,我們再來理解一下幾個wakeup source比較混淆的變量:event_count, active_count和wakeup_count:

event_count,wakeup source產生的wakeup event的個數; active_count,產生wakeup event時,wakeup source需要切換到activate狀態。但並不是每次都要切換,因此有可能已經處於activate狀態了。因此active_count可能小於event_count,換句話說,很有可能在前一個wakeup event沒被處理完時,又產生了一個。這從一定程度上反映了wakeup source所代表的設備的繁忙程度; wakeup_count,wakeup source在suspend過程中產生wakeup event的話,就會終止suspend過程,該變量記錄了wakeup source終止suspend過程的次數(如果發現系統總是suspend失敗,檢查一下各個wakeup source的該變量,就可以知道問題出在誰身上了)。

5.2 幾個counters

在driversbasepowerwakeup.c中,有幾個比較重要的計數器,是wakeup events framework的實現基礎,包括:

1)registered wakeup events和saved_count

記錄了系統運行以來產生的所有wakeup event的個數,在wakeup source上報event時加1。

這個counter對解決用戶空間同步問題很有幫助,因為一般情況下(無論是用戶程序主動suspend,還是auto sleep),由專門的進程(或線程)觸發suspend。當這個進程判斷系統滿足suspend條件,決定suspend時,會記錄一個counter值(saved_count)。在後面suspend的過程中,如果系統發現counter有變,則說明系統產生了新的wakeup event,這樣就可以終止suspend。

該功能即是wakeup count功能,會在後面更詳細的說明。

2)wakeup events in progress

記錄正在處理的event個數。

當wakeup source產生wakeup event時,會通過wakeup events framework提供的接口將wakeup source設置為activate狀態。當該event處理結束後,設置為deactivate狀態。activate到deactivate的區間,表示該event正在被處理。

當系統中有任何正在被處理的wakeup event時,則不允許suspend。如果suspend正在進行,則要終止。

思考一個問題:registered wakeup events在什麼時候增加?答案是在wakeup events in progress減小時,因為已經完整的處理完一個event了,可以記錄在案了。

   1: /*     2:  * Combined counters of registered wakeup events and wakeup events in progress.     3:  * They need to be modified together atomically, so it's better to use one     4:  * atomic variable to hold them both.     5:  */     6: static atomic_t combined_event_count = ATOMIC_INIT(0);     7:     8: #define IN_PROGRESS_BITS        (sizeof(int) * 4)     9: #define MAX_IN_PROGRESS         ((1 << IN_PROGRESS_BITS) - 1)    10:    11: static void split_counters(unsigned int *cnt, unsigned int *inpr)    12: {    13:         unsigned int comb = atomic_read(&combined_event_count);    14:    15:         *cnt = (comb >> IN_PROGRESS_BITS);    16:         *inpr = comb & MAX_IN_PROGRESS;    17: }

定義和讀取。

   1: cec = atomic_add_return(MAX_IN_PROGRESS, &combined_event_count);

wakeup events in progress減1,registered wakeup events加1,這個語句簡直是美輪美奐,讀者可以仔細品味一下,絕對比看xxx片還過癮,哈哈。

   1: cec = atomic_inc_return(&combined_event_count);

wakeup events in progress加1。

5.3 wakeup events framework的核心功能

wakeup events framework的核心功能體現在它向底層的設備驅動所提供的用於上報wakeup event的接口,這些接口根據操作對象可分為兩類,具體如下。

類型一(操作對象為wakeup source,編寫設備驅動時,一般不會直接使用):

   1: /* include/linux/pm_wakeup.h */     2: extern void __pm_stay_awake(struct wakeup_source *ws);     3: extern void __pm_relax(struct wakeup_source *ws);     4: extern void __pm_wakeup_event(struct wakeup_source *ws, unsigned int msec);

__pm_stay_awake,通知PM core,ws產生了wakeup event,且正在處理,因此不允許系統suspend(stay awake); __pm_relax,通知PM core,ws沒有正在處理的wakeup event,允許系統suspend(relax); __pm_wakeup_event,為上邊兩個接口的功能組合,通知PM core,ws產生了wakeup event,會在msec毫秒內處理結束(wakeup events framework自動relax)。 注4:__pm_stay_awake和__pm_relax應成對調用。 注5:上面3個接口,均可以在中斷上下文調用。

類型二(操作對象為device,為設備驅動的常用接口):

   1: /* include/linux/pm_wakeup.h */     2: extern int device_wakeup_enable(struct device *dev);     3: extern int device_wakeup_disable(struct device *dev);     4: extern void device_set_wakeup_capable(struct device *dev, bool capable);     5: extern int device_init_wakeup(struct device *dev, bool val);     6: extern int device_set_wakeup_enable(struct device *dev, bool enable);     7: extern void pm_stay_awake(struct device *dev);     8: extern void pm_relax(struct device *dev);     9: extern void pm_wakeup_event(struct device *dev, unsigned int msec);

device_set_wakeup_capable,設置dev的can_wakeup標誌(enable或disable,可參考5.1小節),並增加或移除該設備在sysfs相關的power文件; device_wakeup_enable/device_wakeup_disable/device_set_wakeup_enable,對於can_wakeup的設備,使能或者禁止wakeup功能。主要是對struct wakeup_source結構的相關操作; device_init_wakeup,設置dev的can_wakeup標誌,若是enable,同時調用device_wakeup_enable使能wakeup功能; pm_stay_awake、pm_relax、pm_wakeup_event,直接調用上面的wakeup source操作接口,操作device的struct wakeup_source變量,處理wakeup events。

5.3.1 device_set_wakeup_capable

該接口位於在drivers/base/power/wakeup.c中,代碼如下:

   1: void device_set_wakeup_capable(struct device *dev, bool capable)     2: {     3:         if (!!dev->power.can_wakeup == !!capable)     4:                 return;     5:     6:         if (device_is_registered(dev) && !list_empty(&dev->power.entry)) {     7:                 if (capable) {     8:                         if (wakeup_sysfs_add(dev))     9:                                 return;    10:                 } else {    11:                         wakeup_sysfs_remove(dev);    12:                 }    13:         }    14:         dev->power.can_wakeup = capable;    15: }

該接口的實現很簡單,主要包括sysfs的add/remove和can_wakeup標誌的設置兩部分。如果設置can_wakeup標誌,則調用wakeup_sysfs_add,向該設備的sysfs目錄下添加power文件夾,並註冊相應的attribute文件。如果清除can_wakeup標誌,執行sysfs的移除操作。

wakeup_sysfs_add/wakeup_sysfs_remove位於drivers/base/power/sysfs.c中,對wakeup events framework來說,主要包括如下的attribute文件:

1: static struct attribute *wakeup_attrs[] = {     2: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP     3:         &dev_attr_wakeup.attr,     4:         &dev_attr_wakeup_count.attr,     5:         &dev_attr_wakeup_active_count.attr,     6:         &dev_attr_wakeup_abort_count.attr,     7:         &dev_attr_wakeup_expire_count.attr,     8:         &dev_attr_wakeup_active.attr,     9:         &dev_attr_wakeup_total_time_ms.attr,    10:         &dev_attr_wakeup_max_time_ms.attr,    11:         &dev_attr_wakeup_last_time_ms.attr,    12: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP    13:         &dev_attr_wakeup_prevent_sleep_time_ms.attr,    14: #endif    15: #endif    16:         NULL,    17: };    18: static struct attribute_group pm_wakeup_attr_group = {    19:         .name   = power_group_name,    20:         .attrs  = wakeup_attrs,    21: };   1: static struct attribute *wakeup_attrs[] = {     2: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP     3:         &dev_attr_wakeup.attr,     4:         &dev_attr_wakeup_count.attr,     5:         &dev_attr_wakeup_active_count.attr,     6:         &dev_attr_wakeup_abort_count.attr,     7:         &dev_attr_wakeup_expire_count.attr,     8:         &dev_attr_wakeup_active.attr,     9:         &dev_attr_wakeup_total_time_ms.attr,    10:         &dev_attr_wakeup_max_time_ms.attr,    11:         &dev_attr_wakeup_last_time_ms.attr,    12: #ifdef CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP    13:         &dev_attr_wakeup_prevent_sleep_time_ms.attr,    14: #endif    15: #endif    16:         NULL,    17: };    18: static struct attribute_group pm_wakeup_attr_group = {    19:         .name   = power_group_name,    20:         .attrs  = wakeup_attrs,    21: };

1)wakeup

讀,獲得設備wakeup功能的使能狀態,返回"enabled"或"disabled"字符串。

寫,更改設備wakeup功能的使能狀態,根據寫入的字符串("enabled"或"disabled"),調用device_set_wakeup_enable接口完成實際的狀態切換。

設備wakeup功能是否使能,取決於設備的can_wakeup標誌,以及設備是否註冊有相應的struct wakeup_source指針。即can wakeup和may wakeup,如下:

1: /*     2:  * Changes to device_may_wakeup take effect on the next pm state change.     3:  */     4:     5: static inline bool device_can_wakeup(struct device *dev)     6: {     7:         return dev->power.can_wakeup;     8: }     9:    10: static inline bool device_may_wakeup(struct device *dev)    11: {    12:         return dev->power.can_wakeup && !!dev->power.wakeup;    13: }

2)wakeup_count

只讀,獲取dev->power.wakeup->event_count值。有關event_count的意義,請參考5.1小節,下同。順便抱怨一下,這個attribute文件的命名簡直糟糕透頂了!直接用event_count就是了,用什麼wakeup_count,會和wakeup source中的同名字段搞混淆的!

3)wakeup_active_count,只讀,獲取dev->power.wakeup->active_count值。

4)wakeup_abort_count,只讀,獲取dev->power.wakeup->wakeup_count值。

5)wakeup_expire_count,只讀,獲dev->power.wakeup->expire_count取值。

6)wakeup_active,只讀,獲取dev->power.wakeup->active值。

7)wakeup_total_time_ms,只讀,獲取dev->power.wakeup->total_time值,單位為ms。

8)wakeup_max_time_ms,只讀,獲dev->power.wakeup->max_time取值,單位為ms。

9)wakeup_last_time_ms,只讀,獲dev->power.wakeup->last_time取值,單位為ms。

10)wakeup_prevent_sleep_time_ms,只讀,獲取dev->power.wakeup->prevent_sleep_time值,單位為ms。

注6:閱讀上述代碼時,我們可以看到很多類似「!!dev->power.can_wakeup == !!capable」的、帶有兩個「!」操作符的語句,是為了保證最後的操作對象非0即1。這從側面反映了內核開發者的嚴謹程度,值得我們學習。

5.3.2 device_wakeup_enable/device_wakeup_disable/device_set_wakeup_enable

以device_wakeup_enable為例(其它類似,就不浪費屏幕了):

1: int device_wakeup_enable(struct device *dev)     2: {     3:         struct wakeup_source *ws;     4:         int ret;     5:     6:         if (!dev || !dev->power.can_wakeup)     7:                 return -EINVAL;     8:     9:         ws = wakeup_source_register(dev_name(dev));    10:         if (!ws)    11:                 return -ENOMEM;    12:    13:         ret = device_wakeup_attach(dev, ws);    14:         if (ret)    15:                 wakeup_source_unregister(ws);    16:    17:         return ret;    18: }

也很簡單:

a)若設備指針為空,或者設備不具備wakeup能力,免談,報錯退出。

b)調用wakeup_source_register接口,以設備名為參數,創建並註冊一個wakeup source。

c)調用device_wakeup_attach接口,將新建的wakeup source保存在dev->power.wakeup指針中。

wakeup_source_register接口的實現也比較簡單,會先後調用wakeup_source_create、wakeup_source_prepare、wakeup_source_add等接口,所做的工作包括分配struct wakeup_source變量所需的內存空間、初始化內部變量、將新建的wakeup source添加到名稱為wakeup_sources的全局鏈表中、等等。

device_wakeup_attach接口更為直觀,不過有一點我們要關注,如果設備的dev->power.wakeup非空,也就是說之前已經有一個wakeup source了,是不允許再enable了的,會報錯返回。

5.3.3 pm_stay_awake

當設備有wakeup event正在處理時,需要調用該接口通知PM core,該接口的實現如下:

1: void pm_stay_awake(struct device *dev)     2: {     3:         unsigned long flags;     4:     5:         if (!dev)     6:                 return;     7:     8:         spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->power.lock, flags);     9:         __pm_stay_awake(dev->power.wakeup);    10:         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->power.lock, flags);    11: }

呵呵,直接調用__pm_stay_awake,這也是本文的index里沒有該接口的原因。接着看代碼。

1: void __pm_stay_awake(struct wakeup_source *ws)     2: {     3:         unsigned long flags;     4:     5:         if (!ws)     6:                 return;     7:     8:         spin_lock_irqsave(&ws->lock, flags);     9:    10:         wakeup_source_report_event(ws);    11:         del_timer(&ws->timer);    12:         ws->timer_expires = 0;    13:    14:         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ws->lock, flags);    15: }

由於pm_stay_awake報告的event需要經過pm_relax主動停止,因此就不再需要timer,所以__pm_stay_awake實現是直接調用wakeup_source_report_event,然後停止timer。接着看代碼:

   1: static void wakeup_source_report_event(struct wakeup_source *ws)     2: {     3:         ws->event_count++;     4:         /* This is racy, but the counter is approximate anyway. */     5:         if (events_check_enabled)     6:                 ws->wakeup_count++;     7:     8:         if (!ws->active)     9:                 wakeup_source_activate(ws);    10: }

a)增加wakeup source的event_count,表示該source又產生了一個event。

b)根據events_check_enabled變量的狀態,決定是否增加wakeup_count。這和wakeup count的功能有關,到時再詳細描述。

c)如果wakeup source沒有active,則調用wakeup_source_activate,activate之。這也是5.1小節所描述的,event_count和active_count的區別所在。wakeup_source_activate的代碼如下。

1: static void wakeup_source_activate(struct wakeup_source *ws)     2: {     3:         unsigned int cec;     4:     5:         /*     6:          * active wakeup source should bring the system     7:          * out of PM_SUSPEND_FREEZE state     8:          */     9:         freeze_wake();    10:    11:         ws->active = true;    12:         ws->active_count++;    13:         ws->last_time = ktime_get();    14:         if (ws->autosleep_enabled)    15:                 ws->start_prevent_time = ws->last_time;    16:    17:         /* Increment the counter of events in progress. */    18:         cec = atomic_inc_return(&combined_event_count);    19:    20:         trace_wakeup_source_activate(ws->name, cec);    21: }

a)調用freeze_wake,將系統從suspend to freeze狀態下喚醒。有關freeze功能,請參考相關的文章。

b)設置active標誌,增加active_count,更新last_time。

c)如果使能了autosleep,更新start_prevent_time,因為此刻該wakeup source會開始阻止系統auto sleep。具體可參考auto sleep的功能描述。

d)增加「wakeup events in progress」計數(5.2小節有描述)。該操作是wakeup events framework的靈魂,增加該計數,意味着系統正在處理的wakeup event數目不為零,則系統不能suspend。

到此,pm_stay_awake執行結束,意味着系統至少正在處理一個wakeup event,因此不能suspend。那處理完成後呢?driver要調用pm_relax通知PM core。

5.3.4 pm_relax

pm_relax和pm_stay_awake成對出現,用於在event處理結束後通知PM core,其實現如下:

1: /**     2:  * pm_relax - Notify the PM core that processing of a wakeup event has ended.     3:  * @dev: Device that signaled the event.     4:  *     5:  * Execute __pm_relax() for the @dev's wakeup source object.     6:  */     7: void pm_relax(struct device *dev)     8: {     9:         unsigned long flags;    10:    11:         if (!dev)    12:                 return;    13:    14:         spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->power.lock, flags);    15:         __pm_relax(dev->power.wakeup);    16:         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->power.lock, flags);    17: }

直接調用__pm_relax,如下:

1: void __pm_relax(struct wakeup_source *ws)     2: {     3:         unsigned long flags;     4:     5:         if (!ws)     6:                 return;     7:     8:         spin_lock_irqsave(&ws->lock, flags);     9:         if (ws->active)    10:                 wakeup_source_deactivate(ws);    11:         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ws->lock, flags);    12: }

如果該wakeup source處於active狀態,調用wakeup_source_deactivate接口,deactivate之。deactivate接口和activate接口一樣,是wakeup events framework的核心邏輯,如下:

1: static void wakeup_source_deactivate(struct wakeup_source *ws)     2: {     3:         unsigned int cnt, inpr, cec;     4:         ktime_t duration;     5:         ktime_t now;     6:     7:         ws->relax_count++;     8:         /*     9:          * __pm_relax() may be called directly or from a timer function.    10:          * If it is called directly right after the timer function has been    11:          * started, but before the timer function calls __pm_relax(), it is    12:          * possible that __pm_stay_awake() will be called in the meantime and    13:          * will set ws->active.  Then, ws->active may be cleared immediately    14:          * by the __pm_relax() called from the timer function, but in such a    15:          * case ws->relax_count will be different from ws->active_count.    16:          */    17:         if (ws->relax_count != ws->active_count) {    18:                 ws->relax_count--;    19:                 return;    20:         }    21:    22:         ws->active = false;    23:    24:         now = ktime_get();    25:         duration = ktime_sub(now, ws->last_time);    26:         ws->total_time = ktime_add(ws->total_time, duration);    27:         if (ktime_to_ns(duration) > ktime_to_ns(ws->max_time))    28:                 ws->max_time = duration;    29:    30:         ws->last_time = now;    31:         del_timer(&ws->timer);    32:         ws->timer_expires = 0;    33:    34:         if (ws->autosleep_enabled)    35:                 update_prevent_sleep_time(ws, now);    36:    37:         /*    38:          * Increment the counter of registered wakeup events and decrement the    39:          * couter of wakeup events in progress simultaneously.    40:          */    41:         cec = atomic_add_return(MAX_IN_PROGRESS, &combined_event_count);    42:         trace_wakeup_source_deactivate(ws->name, cec);    43:    44:    45:         split_counters(&cnt, &inpr);    46:         if (!inpr && waitqueue_active(&wakeup_count_wait_queue))    47:                 wake_up(&wakeup_count_wait_queue);    48: }

a)relax_count加1(如果relax_count和active_count不等,則說明有重複調用,要退出)。

b)清除active標記。

c)更新total_time、max_time、last_time等變量。

d)如果使能auto sleep,更新相關的變量(後面再詳細描述)。

e)再欣賞一下藝術,wakeup events in progress減1,registered wakeup events加1。

f)wakeup count相關的處理,後面再詳細說明。

5.3.5 pm_wakeup_event

pm_wakeup_event是pm_stay_awake和pm_relax的組合版,在上報event時,指定一個timeout時間,timeout後,自動relax,一般用於不知道何時能處理完成的場景。該接口比較簡單,就不一一描述了。

5.3.6 pm_wakeup_pending

drivers產生的wakeup events,最終要上報到PM core,PM core會根據這些events,決定是否要終止suspend過程。這表現在suspend過程中頻繁調用pm_wakeup_pending接口上(可參考「Linux電源管理(6)_Generic PM之Suspend功能」)。該接口的實現如下:

1: /**     2:  * pm_wakeup_pending - Check if power transition in progress should be aborted.     3:  *     4:  * Compare the current number of registered wakeup events with its preserved     5:  * value from the past and return true if new wakeup events have been registered     6:  * since the old value was stored.  Also return true if the current number of     7:  * wakeup events being processed is different from zero.     8:  */     9: bool pm_wakeup_pending(void)    10: {    11:         unsigned long flags;    12:         bool ret = false;    13:    14:         spin_lock_irqsave(&events_lock, flags);    15:         if (events_check_enabled) {    16:                 unsigned int cnt, inpr;    17:    18:                 split_counters(&cnt, &inpr);    19:                 ret = (cnt != saved_count || inpr > 0);    20:                 events_check_enabled = !ret;    21:         }    22:         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&events_lock, flags);    23:    24:         if (ret)    25:                 print_active_wakeup_sources();    26:    27:         return ret;    28: }

該接口的邏輯比較直觀,先拋開wakeup count的邏輯不談(後面會重點說明),只要正在處理的events不為0,就返回true,調用者就會終止suspend。

5.4 wakeup count、wake lock和auto sleep

這篇文章寫的有點長了,不能繼續了,這幾個功能,會接下來的文章中繼續分析。