使用 shell 腳本自動對比兩個安裝目錄並生成差異補丁包

2021 年 2 月 2 日
筆記
diff, Industrial strength, msys2, sed, 學以致用, 工具

問題的提出

公司各個業務線的安裝包小則幾十兆、大則幾百兆，使用自建的升級系統向全國百萬級用戶下發新版本時，流量耗費相當驚人。有時新版本僅僅改了幾個 dll ，總變更量不過幾十 K 而已，也要發佈一個完整版本。為了降低流量費用，我們推出了補丁升級的方式：產品組將修改的 dll 單獨挑選出來，加上一個配置文件壓縮成包，上傳到自建的升級後台；在客戶端，識別到補丁包類型後，手動解壓並替換各個 dll 完成安裝（之前是直接啟動下載好的安裝包）。這種方式一經推出，受到了業務線的追捧。然而在使用過程中，也發現一些問題，就是在修改完一個源文件後，受影響的往往不止一個 dll，如果僅把其中一兩個 dll 替換了，沒替換的 dll 很可能就會和新的 dll 產生接口不兼容，從而引發崩潰。而有的安裝包包含了幾十個、上百個 dll，如果一一對比，非常費時費力。特別是一些 dll 僅僅是編譯時間不一樣，通過普通的文件對比工具，根本無法判斷這個 dll 的源碼有沒有改過，這讓開發人員非常頭大。

問題的解決

其實這個問題用 c++ 寫個程序是可以解決的，但是一想到要遍歷目錄、構造文件名 map、對比兩個目錄中的文件名、對比相同文件名的內容、複製文件到目標目錄、壓縮目標目錄…這一系列操作時，我覺得還是算了 —— 都得從頭開始寫，工作量不小。而 msys2 或 windows 中就有不少現成的命令可以用，例如對比目錄可以用 diff -r 命令、對比 win32 可執行文件可以用 dumpbin /disasm 命令反編譯然後再用 diff 命令對比、壓縮文件夾可以使用 7z 命令等等，完全不用重複造輪子，直接用 shell 將它們粘合起來就完事了！下面就來看看我是怎麼用 shell 腳本來寫這個小工具吧。

處理命令行參數

這個腳本一開始先處理輸入的命令行參數：

  1 # return code:
  2 # 0 : success
  3 # 1 : no difference
  4 # 2 : compress failure
  5 # 3 : create file/dir failure (privilege ?)
  6 # 126 : file/dir existent
  7 # 127 : invalid arguments
  8 
  9 function usage ()
 10 {
 11     echo "Usage: diffpacker.sh -o oldversionfolder -n newversionfolder -r relativepath -x exportfolder -v version [-s sp] [-t (verbose)] [-e (exactmode)]"
 12     
 13     exit 127
 14 }
 15 
 16 srcdir=
 17 dstdir=
 18 reldir=
 19 outdir=
 20 version=
 21 sp=0
 22 verbose=0
 23 exactmode=0
 24 setupdir="setup"
 25 # pure windows utilities subdir
 26 win32="win32" 
 27 
 28 if [ "${$*/-t//}" != "$*" ]; then
 29     # dump parameters when verbose on
 30     echo "total $# param(s):"
 31     for var in $*; do
 32         echo "$var"
 33     done
 34 fi
 35 
 36 
 37 while getopts "o:n:r:x:v:s:te" arg 
 38 do
 39     case $arg in
 40         o)
 41             srcdir=$OPTARG
 42             ;;
 43         n)
 44             dstdir=$OPTARG
 45             ;;
 46         r)
 47             reldir=$OPTARG
 48             ;;
 49         x)
 50             outdir=$OPTARG
 51             ;;
 52         v)
 53             version=$OPTARG
 54             ;;
 55         s)
 56             sp=$OPTARG
 57             ;;
 58         t)
 59             verbose=1
 60             ;;
 61         e) 
 62             exactmode=1
 63             ;;
 64         ?)  
 65             echo "unkonw argument: $arg"
 66             usage
 67             exit 127
 68             ;;
 69     esac
 70 done
 71 
 72 # reldir can be empty
 73 if [ -z "$srcdir" -o -z "$dstdir" -o -z "$outdir" -o -z "$version" ]; then
 74     echo "empty parameter found: $srcdir, $dstdir, $outdir, $version"
 75     usage
 76     exit 127
 77 fi
 78 
 79 #replace all \ to / to avoid shell string choked on \ 
 80 srcdir=${srcdir//\\/\/}
 81 dstdir=${dstdir//\\/\/}
 82 reldir=${reldir//\\/\/}
 83 outdir=${outdir//\\/\/}
 84 
 85 echo "srcdir=$srcdir"
 86 echo "dstdir=$dstdir"
 87 echo "reldir=$reldir"
 88 echo "outdir=$outdir"
 89 echo "version=$version"
 90 echo "sp=$sp"
 91 echo "verbose=$verbose"
 92 echo "exactmode=$exactmode"
 93 echo ""
 94 
 95 if [ ! -d "$srcdir" ]; then 
 96     echo "not a directory : $srcdir"
 97     exit 126
 98 fi
 99 
100 if [ ! -d "$dstdir" ]; then 
101     echo "not a directory : $dstdir"
102     exit 126
103 fi
104 
105 #if [ -e "$outdir" ]; then
106 resp=$(ls -A "$outdir")
107 if [ "$resp" != "" ]; then
108     echo "out directory not empty: $outdir, fatal error!"
109     exit 126
110 fi 
111 
112 if [ "${outdir:$((${#outdir}-1))}" == "/" ]; then 
113     # remove tailing /
114     outdir=${outdir%?}
115 fi
116 
117 if [ ! -z "$reldir" ] && [ "${reldir:$((${#reldir}-1))}" == "/" ]; then 
118     # remove tailing /
119     reldir=${reldir%?}
120 fi
121 
122 srcasm="src.asm"
123 dstasm="dst.asm"
124 dirdiff="dir.diff"
125 patdiff="diffpattern.txt"
126 itemcnt=0
127 jsonhead=\
128 "{\n"\
129 "  \"version\": \"$version\",\n"\
130 "  \"sp\": \"$sp\",\n"\
131 "  \"actions\": \n"\
132 "  [\n"
133 
134 json=
135 jsontail=\
136 "\n  ]\n"\
137 "}\n"
138 
139 echo "exclude patterns: "
140 while read line
141 do
142     echo $line
143 done < "$patdiff"
144 
145 # to avoid user not end file with \n
146 if [ ! -z "$line" ]; then 
147     echo "$line"
148 fi 
149 echo ""

簡單解說一下：

16-26：聲明用到的變量；
28-34：如果命令行中含有 -t (verbose) 選項，則打印命令行各個參數；
37-70：使用 getopts 命令解析命令行，這個腳本接收以下選項：
- -o (old) 用於對比的舊目錄；
- -n (new) 用於對比的新目錄；
- -r (relative) 補丁包根目錄相對於安裝目錄的位置，有時可能只針對安裝目錄的某個子目錄進行 patch；
- -x (output) 輸出補丁包的目錄；
- -v (version) 補丁包版本號，寫入配置文件用；
- -s (serial pack) 補丁號，寫入配置文件用；
- -t (verbose) 詳細輸出；
- -e （exact mode) 配置文件中增加和替換文件項將按每項對應一段 json 的方式精確設置，否則按整個目錄遞歸覆蓋設置。
72-77：空路徑校驗；
79-83：替換路徑中的反斜杠為斜杠，因 shell 會將反斜杠識別為轉義字符的開始；
85-93：打印識別後的各選項，方便出問題時排錯；
95-120：路徑校驗，包括：
- 對比目錄不得為普通文件；
- 輸出目錄不得含有文件（防止將中間對比結果和上一次或其它對比結果放在一起打包）；
- 剔除輸出目錄與相對目錄的結尾斜杠（方便後續處理）。
122-137：中間變量的定義，包含反編譯中間文件、目錄對比中間文件、忽略文件模式的中間文件以及生成配置文件的 json 頭和尾；
139-149：在對比目錄時，用戶可以提供一個要忽略的文件模式（pattern）列表，例如不對比 [Dd]ebug、[Ss]ymbol、*.pdb 這些編譯中間目錄或文件，可以使用正則表達式，每行一個。這裡打印這些 pattern 用於排錯。

對比目錄

經過前期的鋪墊，進入第一個重頭戲：

 1 if [ -f "$patdiff" ]; then
 2     diff -qr "$srcdir" "$dstdir" -X "$patdiff" > "$dirdiff"
 3 else
 4     diff -qr "$srcdir" "$dstdir" > "$dirdiff"
 5 fi 
 6 
 7 while read line
 8 do
 9     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then 
10         echo $line
11     fi 
12 
13     tmp=$(echo $line | sed -n 's/Files \(.*\) and \(.*\) differ$/\1\\n\2/p')
14     if [ ! -z "$tmp" ]; then 
15         left=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 1p)
16         right=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 2p)
17         if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then 
18             echo -e "left =$left, \nright=$right"
19         fi 
20         ……
21     else 
22         tmp=$(echo $line | sed -n 's/Only in \(.*\): \(.*\)/\1\\n\2/p')
23         if [ ! -z "$tmp" ]; then 
24             isdir=0
25             dir=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 1p)
26             file=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 2p)
27             if [ -d "$dir/$file" ]; then 
28                 isdir=1
29             fi 
30 
31             if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then 
32                 echo "dir=$dir, file=$file, isdir=$isdir"
33             fi
34             ……
35         else 
36             echo "unrecognized diff output: $line"
37         fi 
38     fi
39     echo ""
40 done < "$dirdiff"

這段代碼省略了一些與對比目錄無關的內容，便於看清整個大的流程：

1-5：根據是否有忽略模式文件來調用 diff，當存在這種文件時（上文中的 139-149），增加 -X 選項來添加忽略模式文件到對比目錄過程(diff)；否則使用簡單輸出模式(-q)遞歸(-r)對比目錄及其子目錄，輸出內容保存在 dir.diff 文件中；

7,8,40：遍歷 dir.diff 文件內容，根據輸出格式的不同，細分為以下幾類場景：

兩側都有但文件內容不一致：「Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json differ」，通過 sed 匹配例子中高亮部分關鍵字，就可以分別提取出舊文件與新文件的完整路徑（分別為 sed 輸出的第一二行，line 13-16）；
僅有舊目錄有的內容：「Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/sdk: ViewerConfig.ini」；
僅有新目錄有的內容：「Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE/sdk: Mesh.dll」，以上兩種場景相似，通過 sed 匹配例子中高亮部分關鍵字，就可以分別提取出目錄與文件了（line 22-26），至於是新目錄還是舊目錄，與新舊根目錄做個對比就曉得了，這個後面再說；

兩邊文件一致：不會有任何輸出（這裡必需為 diff 命令使用 -q 選項，不然會將文件內容差異也展示出來，那就非常亂了）。下面是一段完整的對比輸出（內容超長、展開慎重）：

Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/AppBimmake.exe and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/AppBimmake.exe differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/AppBimmakeImpl.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/AppBimmakeImpl.dll differ
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Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE: AppSocketPortConfig.exe
Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE: AppSocketPortConfigImpl.dll
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BIMMAKE/Templates/bmDefaultTemplate.gbp and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BIMMAKE/Templates/bmDefaultTemplate.gbp differ
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Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmAnimationScript.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmAnimationScript.dll differ
Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE: BmAppSetting.xml
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmCommonDraw.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmCommonDraw.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmCommonEdit.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmCommonEdit.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmDataExchange.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmDataExchange.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmDrawingExport.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmDrawingExport.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmFalcon.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmFalcon.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmFamilyBridge.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmFamilyBridge.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGbmpModel.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGbmpModel.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGbmpUiPlatform.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGbmpUiPlatform.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGgpUtility.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGgpUtility.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGuxActionConfig.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGuxActionConfig.json differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmHotKeyConfig.xml and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmHotKeyConfig.xml differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMS/TypeRule.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMS/TypeRule.json differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMSExport.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMSExport.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmImportGfc.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmImportGfc.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmImportIfc.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmImportIfc.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmInterOpRevitProject.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmInterOpRevitProject.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmInteraction.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmInteraction.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmLicense.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmLicense.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmModel.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmModel.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmMultiThreadNetwork.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmMultiThreadNetwork.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmPositioningElements.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmPositioningElements.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmRebar.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmRebar.dll differ
Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old: BmRecentDocumentPathRecord.xml
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmSiteLayout.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmSiteLayout.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmSiteLayoutFamily.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmSiteLayoutFamily.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmSiteLayoutUi.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmSiteLayoutUi.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmStructure.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmStructure.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmStructureFamily.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmStructureFamily.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmSurfaceSystem.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmSurfaceSystem.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmTeighaUtility.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmTeighaUtility.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmTest.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmTest.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmThirdPartyUpdate.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmThirdPartyUpdate.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiAnimation.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiAnimation.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiAnimationWidget.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiAnimationWidget.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiCommonComponent.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiCommonComponent.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiDataExchange.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiDataExchange.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiInplaceEdit.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiInplaceEdit.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiPlatform.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiPlatform.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiReBar.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiReBar.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiStructure.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiStructure.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmUiVisual.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmUiVisual.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmVisualModel.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmVisualModel.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/MjTemplateFile.xml and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/MjTemplateFile.xml differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/二次結構砌體.gbp and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/二次結構砌體.gbp differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/二次結構砌體.png and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/二次結構砌體.png differ
Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmWelcomeTemplateFile: 小別墅.gbp
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Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/施工場地布置.gbp and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/施工場地布置.gbp differ
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Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmWelcomeTemplateFile: 木模板配模.gbp
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Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmWelcomeTemplateFile: 老虎窗屋頂.gbp
Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmWelcomeTemplateFile: 老虎窗屋頂.png
Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmWelcomeTemplateFile: 鋼筋節點深化.gbp
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Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/Common.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/Common.dll differ
Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier: DBErrorReport.txt
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Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier: Fonts
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GCADIdentification.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GCADIdentification.dll differ
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Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GCLProjectDataHelper.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GCLProjectDataHelper.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GCPPMProjDataHelper.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GCPPMProjDataHelper.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GEPEngine.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GEPEngine.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GFCCommon.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GFCCommon.dll differ
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Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GGJProjectDataHelper.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GGJProjectDataHelper.dll differ
Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GGJSectionBarEditor.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GGJSectionBarEditor.dll differ
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Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/CadIdentifier/GMJ.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/CadIdentifier/GMJ.dll differ
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文件內容對比

在上面目錄對比過程中，如果兩邊文件都存在而只是內容不同，進入文件內容對比邏輯：

 1 # for windows command, parameter seperator is /
 2 # and bash will autoexpand to DRIVE:/
 3 # here use // to avoid expanding.
 4 $win32/dumpbin //disasm "$left" | sed '5d' > "$srcasm"
 5 
 6 # use sed '5d' to remove a line like :
 7 # Dump of file Bin1334\Release\GSUPService.exe
 8 # which disturb the diff result by writing dir name 
 9 # remove it !!
10 $win32/dumpbin //disasm "$right" | sed '5d' > "$dstasm"
11 
12 if [ $(cat "$srcasm" | wc -l) -gt 10 ] && [ $(cat "$dstasm" | wc -l) -gt 10 ]; then
13     # left & right are all valid PE format 
14     resp=$(diff -q "$srcasm" "$dstasm")
15     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then 
16         echo "resp=$resp"
17     fi 
18 else
19     resp="non PE format differs"
20     echo "$resp"
21 fi
22 
23 if [ -z "$resp" ]; then 
24     echo -e "   $left \n== $right in asm, skip"
25 else
26     # need to replace
27     echo -e "   $left \n!= $right"
28     relpath=$(get_relative_path "$srcdir" "$left")
29     if [ -z "$relpath" ]; then 
30         echo "find relative path by source dir failed, try dest"
31         relpath=$(get_relative_path  "$dstdir" "$right")
32         if [ -z "$relpath" ]; then
33             echo "find relative path by dest dir failed, skip"
34             continue;
35         fi
36     fi
37 
38     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then 
39         echo "relpath: $relpath"
40     fi 
41 
42     tarpath="$outdir/$setupdir$relpath"
43     copy_file "$right" "$tarpath"
44     itemcnt=$(($itemcnt+1))
45     if [ $exactmode != 0 ]; then 
46         # 1st argument represent zip folder
47         # 2nd argument represent install folder
48         # differs with copy order !
49         replace_item "$setupdir$relpath" "$relpath"
50     fi
51 fi

這裡需要考慮二進制可執行文件不能直接對比（同樣的代碼編譯兩次得到的可執行文件也不一樣，這是因為 PE 文件中包含了生成時間、唯一 ID 等與代碼無關的內容），因此需要將其先反編譯為彙編文本，再對彙編語句進行對比。這裡沒有通過文件後綴(dll / exe)來判斷是否為可執行文件，這是因為產品中總有一些 dll 有奇奇怪怪的後綴。這裡統一採用 dumpbin 進行反彙編，如果成功就是可執行文件；反之就是普通的文本或二進制文件。

1-10：嘗試使用 dumpbin 進行反彙編（注意使用 //disasm 來傳遞 win32 命令選項，因為 msys2 會將單獨的 / 認為是根目錄從而自動進行擴展、是我們不想要的）。下面是反彙編成功後的輸出：
```
Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 12.00.40629.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.



File Type: DLL

  0000000180001000: 45 8B C0           mov         r8d,r8d
  ……
  000000018000E202: CC                 int         3

  Summary

        1000 .data
        1000 .pdata
        7000 .rdata
        1000 .reloc
        1000 .rsrc
        E000 .text
```
可見 dumpbin 會輸出一個占 5 行的頭部信息，為了防止這個信息干擾後續的對比，這裡使用 sed 刪除前 5 行；
12-21：如果舊文件與新文件反彙編結果行數都大於10，說明兩者都是可執行文件，去除前 5 行後進行反彙編內容的對比；否則是普通文件，不再進行對比（diff 已告訴我們它們不同）。下面是反彙編失敗時的輸出：
```
$ win32/dumpbin //disasm  C:/compare/BIMMAKE/FillPatternFileApiTestData/right.pat
Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 12.00.40629.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.


Dump of file C:/compare/BIMMAKE/FillPatternFileApiTestData/right.pat
C:/compare/BIMMAKE/FillPatternFileApiTestData/right.pat : warning LNK4048: Invalid format file; ignored

  Summary
```
可以看到一共只有 9 行輸出，而一般成功的反彙編輸出少則上百行、多則上萬行，再少也不可能少於 10 行輸出；
23-36：如果文件內容一樣，跳過此文件；否則需要確定當前文件在對比目錄中的相對路徑。先嘗試使用舊目錄去獲取，如果失敗再嘗試使用新目錄去獲取。這裡獲取相對目錄的工作交由 get_relative_path 這個函數來完成，出於對整體的把握，這裡不對這些細節展開介紹了；
42-50：通過上面獲得的相對路徑，就可以在輸出目錄構建目標文件全路徑啦。複製文件的工作交由 copy_file 函數來完成，在內部它先創建對應的目錄，然後調用 cp 完成文件複製。如果用戶選擇了 exact 模式，則將為每項在配置文件中添加一條 json 格式的替換記錄 (通過 replace_item 函數)，格式類似於下面這樣：
```
{
  "type": "replace",
  "target": "/Teigha/ACCAMERA_20.8src_14.tx",
  "source": "setup/Teigha/ACCAMERA_20.8src_14.tx"
},
```
對於非 exact 模式可以直接將整個目錄遞歸覆蓋到目標區域，因而不需要一條條的添加 json 配置。

單個文件處理

在上面的目錄對比過程中，如果兩邊只有一個文件/目錄存在，進入單個文件/目錄處理邏輯：

 1 relpath=$(get_relative_path "$srcdir" "$dir")
 2 if [ ! -z "$relpath" ]; then 
 3     # need to remove 
 4     echo -e "only in  $srcdir: (old)\n         $dir/$file, \nrelpath: $relpath/$file"
 5     itemcnt=$(($itemcnt+1))
 6     # 1st argument represent install folder
 7     # differs with copy order !
 8     delete_item "$relpath/$file" $isdir
 9 else
10     relpath=$(get_relative_path "$dstdir" "$dir")
11     if [ ! -z "$relpath" ]; then 
12         # need to add
13         echo -e "only in  $dstdir: (new)\n         $dir/$file, \nrelpath: $relpath/$file"
14         copy_file "$dir/$file" "$outdir/$setupdir$relpath/$file"
15         itemcnt=$(($itemcnt+1))
16         if [ $exactmode != 0 ]; then 
17             # 1st argument represent zip folder
18             # 2nd argument represent install folder
19             # differs with copy order !
20             add_item "$setupdir$relpath/$file" "$relpath/$file" $isdir
21         fi
22     else
23         echo "unknown single file: $dir/$file"
24     fi
25 fi

如果單個文件項位於新目錄，則新增文件項；如果位於舊目錄，則刪除：

1-8：計算單個文件項在舊目錄的相對路徑，如果結果不為空，表示文件項位於舊目錄，否則位於新目錄。刪除文件的工作交由 delete_item 函數完成，其實就是在配置文件中加入一條刪除記錄：
```
{
  "type": "delete",
  "target": "/sdk/QProfile.txt"
},
```
如果是單獨的目錄，則遞歸刪除整個目錄：
```
{
  "type": "delete_dir",
  "target": "/Share/ViewCoreResources/MaterialLibrary/textures/rainTextures"
},
```
刪除項是否添加是和 exact 模式無關的，因為目錄的遞歸覆蓋只能添加或替換文件，不能刪除。

10-21：計算單個文件項在新目錄的相對路徑，此時結果一般是不為空的，調用 copy_file 函數複製新文件項到輸出目錄。當用戶選擇 exact 模式時，在配置文件中加入一條增加記錄 (通過 add_item)：
```
{
  "type": "add",
  "target": "/Teigha/GripPoints_20.8src_14.tx",
  "source": "setup/Teigha/GripPoints_20.8src_14.tx"
},
```
如果是單獨的目錄，則遞歸增加整個目錄：
```
{
  "type": "add_dir",
  "target": "//Libraries",
  "source": "setup//Libraries"
},
```
copy_file 通過給 cp 傳遞 -r 選項，可以很好的支持目錄的遞歸拷貝。

生成配置文件

處理完各個文件和子目錄以後，就可以生成升級需要的配置文件啦：

 1 # remove temporary files
 2 if [ $verbose -eq 0 ]; then
 3     # only remove temporary files 
 4     # when not in verbose mode
 5     rm "$srcasm"
 6     rm "$dstasm"
 7     rm "$dirdiff"
 8 fi 
 9 
10 if [ $itemcnt -eq 0 ]; then 
11     echo "no item add/replace/delete found, stop generating..."
12     exit 1
13 fi 
14 
15 if [ $exactmode -eq 0 ]; then 
16     # not exact mode
17     # add setup dir totally
18     if [ -z "$reldir" ]; then 
19         jsonitem=$(echo "     {\n"\
20         "      \"type\": \"add_dir\",\n"\
21         "      \"target\": \".\",\n"\
22         "      \"source\": \"$setupdir\"\n"\
23         "    }")
24     else
25         jsonitem=$(echo "     {\n"\
26         "      \"type\": \"add_dir\",\n"\
27         "      \"target\": \"$reldir\",\n"\
28         "      \"source\": \"$setupdir\"\n"\
29         "    }")
30     fi
31 
32     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then 
33         echo -e "$jsonitem"
34     fi
35 
36     if [ -z "$json" ]; then 
37         json="$jsonitem"
38     else 
39         json="$json,\n$jsonitem"
40     fi
41 fi 
42 
43 json="$jsonhead$json$jsontail"
44 echo -e "$json" > "$outdir/upgrade.json"
45 echo "upgrade.json created, $itemcnt items generated"
46 echo -e "$json"

由於之前在處理文件過程中已經將必要的配置信息生成好了，這裡的工作其實很簡單：

2-8：如果指定 verbose 選項，則保留中間文件用於排錯，否則刪除；
10-13：如果經過對比，沒有任何差異，或兩個目錄都是空的，導致輸出內容為空，則中止並退出整個打包腳本；
15-41：非 exact 模式下，需要添加一條 add_dir 配置來將輸出目錄中的所有文件遞歸覆蓋到安裝目錄。如果用戶指定了只替換安裝目錄中的某個子目錄，這裡需要調整一下目標路徑(line 24-30)；
43-46：將各個 json 組裝成完整內容並生成到輸出目錄，名稱固定為 “upgrade.json”。

生成壓縮包

所有內容就緒後就可以壓縮成包上傳到後台啦：

 1 tarpath="$outdir/*"
 2 if [ "${tarpath/:/}" == "$tarpath" ]; then 
 3     # not contain ':', a relative path
 4     # prefix ./ to avoid generate root dir in 7z
 5     tarpath="./$tarpath"
 6 fi
 7 
 8 $win32/7z a "$setupdir.7z" "$tarpath"
 9 resp=$?
10 if [ -z "$setupdir.7z" ]; then 
11     echo "compressing failed: $resp"
12     exit 2
13 fi
14 
15 mv "$setupdir.7z" "$outdir/$setupdir-$version-$sp.7z"
16 #echo "create 7zip compress packet OK"
17 exit 0

這裡沒有使用 tar cvzf 來生成 setup.tar.gz 文件，因為升級客戶端只能接收 7z 格式的壓縮包，這裡使用 win32 版本的 7z 命令執行壓縮過程。從另外的角度來講，7z 壓縮算法也是目前壓縮率最高的算法，可以有效的降低網絡傳輸的流量（7z 壓縮率親測高於 zip 及 gz）。這段代碼比較簡單，就不展開講解了，最後會生成下面這樣的文件結構：

$ ls -lhrt
total 348M
drwxr-xr-x 1 yunh 1049089    0 11月 17 19:18 setup/
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunh 1049089 147K 11月 17 19:19 upgrade.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunh 1049089 348M 11月 17 19:19 setup-1.8.0.0-0.7z

所有需要添加和替換的文件都會被放在 setup 目錄下，這樣在遞歸替換時就可以避免將無關文件（例如 upgrade.json）替換到安裝目錄。生成的壓縮包命名方式為：setup-version-sp.7z。非 exact 模式生成的配置文件內容如下：

{
  "version": "1.8.0.0",
  "sp": "0",
  "actions": 
  [
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//BmRecentDocumentPathRecord.xml"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/小別墅.gbp"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/小別墅.png"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/老虎窗屋頂.gbp"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/老虎窗屋頂.png"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/CadIdentifier/DBErrorReport.txt"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//GPUDriverConfig.ini"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//MjLicense.dll"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//MjRichTextEditor.dll"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//MjUIArchitecture.dll"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//Packing4Rendering.dll"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//QProfile.txt"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//RecentDocumentPathRecord.xml"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//ViewerConfig.ini"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//algorithmLog.ini"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//gdpcore.1.txt"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "//gdpcore.txt"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/sdk/QProfile.txt"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/sdk/ViewerConfig.ini"
     },
     {
       "type": "delete",
       "target": "/sdk/algorithmLog.ini"
     },
     {
       "type": "add_dir",
       "target": ".",
       "source": "setup"
     }
  ]
}

所有新增及替換操作，全在最後一條 add_dir 配置項了。如果是 exact 模式的話，配置文件就會大很多了，它會針對每個新增、替換項生成一個類似上面刪除項的條目，這裡就不多做演示了。

用戶圖形界面

上面的腳本只能通過命令行界面 (CUI) 調用，那能不能將它嵌入到用戶圖形界面 (GUI) 呢？答案是可以的。

上面這個程序是真的只做了界面。在獲取用戶完整輸入後，它創建了一個匿名管道 (CreatePipe)，並將管道的一端作為新進程的標準輸出 (stdout)、同時用參數構造新進程的命令行 (上面的腳本 diffpacker.sh 作為第一參數) 來啟動 bash.exe 進程。當腳本在運行中產生輸出時，程序通過匿名管道讀取這些輸出，並將它們重定向到 UI 底部的輸出框，達到實時查看腳本輸出的效果。

下載

由於不涉及到後台接口，這個小工具中的腳本、調用到的命令及圖形界面源碼和可執行程序都是可以完整下載的：//files.cnblogs.com/files/goodcitizen/diffpacker.zip

有類似需求的同學，改改腳本就可以用啦。其中用到了 msys2，它是一個運行在 windows 上的 bash，我們常用的 git 就使用它作為 git bash 的技術支撐。之前我的不少文章也都涉及過它：

《查看博客園積分與排名趨勢圖的工具》、《用 shell 腳本做 restful api 接口監控》、《用 shell 腳本做日誌清洗》，感興趣的可以參考一下。

下面是 msys2 的主頁，可以從這裡獲取 Windows 上的安裝包：//www.msys2.org/

後記

這個小工具後來在業務線得到了廣泛使用，在某個大產品使用過程中還引發了一次血案，關於該案，我現在給大家梳理一下：

產品組有兩個 dll 分別封裝了基類 (base.dll) 和派生類 (derived.dll)；有一次產品組為基類添加了兩個成員作為補丁版本，在 diff 過程中成功的識別出了 base.dll 被修改，但是沒有將 derived.dll 識別出來，然後就這樣沒有經由本地驗證就向外發佈了；結果導致打過補丁的版本一啟動就崩潰了，原因是 derived.dll 中舊的派生類和 base.dll 中新的基類二進制不兼容了。

後來他們通過緊急補丁修復了上述問題，在後面復盤問題的過程中，我手動檢查了腳本的運行日誌，發現確實沒有識別出新舊 derived.dll —— 腳本認為它們是二進制相同的。後來查詢了一些相關資料，了解到我的 dumpbin /disasm 只是反編譯了可執行文件中的代碼段，而其它一些段 (例如數據段) 則被遺漏了。上面這個例子中，父類的成員變化後，肯定會有相應的 section 會做出調整，但是我通過調整 dumpbin 的選項也沒有對比出這個段在哪裡。後來嘗試使用 msys2 自帶的 objdump 命令去反編譯，它確實可以得到更豐富的內容，從而判斷出新舊 derived.dll 是不同的，但驗證同一段相同代碼編譯兩次生成的 dll 進行對比時，它仍然會告訴我兩個 dll 不同！所以我不能簡單的使用 objdump 替換 dumpbin，因為如果它報告所有 dll 都不同的話，這實際上就沒有意義了。最後，這段代碼還是帶着 bug 繼續「上崗」了，產品組現在多了一個心眼兒，每次生成 patch 後都會親自做一下驗證。

這個故事從側面說明之前產品組對我的工具的信任程度 —— 那是毫無保留信任啊，哈哈。然而我做這個小工具花了多長時間呢？其實也就一周左右，而且有很多時間是花費在調試 windows 與 shell 的一些不兼容之處，真正寫業務代碼也就不到一周。如果換作用 c++ 來寫呢，我恐怕沒有一個月是搞不定的了，這就是使用現成組件「搭積木」帶來的效率優勢。而 shell 作為各個命令之間的粘合劑，為實現這種裝配式的開發提供了必要的支撐。現在回頭來看 linux 的設計哲學 —— 「有眾多單一目的的小程序，一個程序只實現一個功能，多個程序組合完成複雜任務」 —— 的的確確是一個法寶啊。

Tags: diff Industrial strength msys2 sed 學以致用工具

使用 shell 腳本自動對比兩個安裝目錄並生成差異補丁包

問題的提出

問題的解決

處理命令行參數

對比目錄

文件內容對比

單個文件處理

生成配置文件

生成壓縮包

用戶圖形界面

下載

後記

VirMach 便宜 VPS

QNews

使用 shell 腳本自動對比兩個安裝目錄並生成差異補丁包

問題的提出

問題的解決

處理命令行參數

對比目錄

文件內容對比

單個文件處理

生成配置文件

生成壓縮包

用戶圖形界面

下載

後記

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