LAMP搭建示例

2021 年 1 月 3 日
筆記

lamp介紹

其實就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一組動態網站或者服務器的開源軟件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自獨立的程序，但是因為經常被放在一起使用，擁有了越來越高的兼容度，共同組成了一個強大的Web應用程序平台。

web服務器工作流程

web服務器的資源分為兩種，靜態資源和動態資源

靜態資源就是指靜態內容，客戶端從服務器獲得的資源的表現形式與原文件相同。可以簡單的理解為就是直接存儲於文件系統中的資源
動態資源則通常是程序文件，需要在服務器執行之後，將執行的結果返回給客戶端

工作過程：當客戶端請求是靜態資源時，web服務器會直接把靜態資源返回個客戶端。

　　　　：動態資源則通過FastCGI協議與php服務器聯繫，通過CGI程序的master進程調度worker進程來執行程序以獲得客戶端請求的動態資源，並將執行的結果通過FastCGI協議返回給httpd服務器，httpd服務器收到php的執行結果後將其封裝為http響應報文響應給客戶端。在執行程序獲取動態資源時若需要獲得數據庫中的資源時，由Php服務器通過mysql協議與MySQL/MariaDB服務器交互，取之而後返回給httpd，httpd將從php服務器收到的執行結果封裝成http響應報文響應給客戶端。

cgi與fastcgi

CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用網關接口），CGI是外部應用程序（CGI程序）與WEB服務器之間的接口標準，是在CGI程序和Web服務器之間傳遞信息的過程。CGI規範允許Web服務器執行外部程序，並將它們的輸出發送給Web瀏覽器，CGI將web的一組簡單的靜態超媒體文檔變成一個完整的新的交互式媒體。

FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通過啟用一個解釋器進程來處理每個請求，耗時且耗資源，而FastCGI則是通過master-worker形式來處理每個請求，即啟動一個master主進程，然後根據配置啟動幾個worker進程，當請求進來時，master會從worker進程中選擇一個去處理請求，這樣就避免了重複的生成和殺死進程帶來的頻繁cpu上下文切換而導致耗時

lamp平台搭建

環境說明：

系統平台

需要安裝的服務

centos8

redhat8

192.168.248.131

httpd-2.4
mysql-5.7
php
php-mysql

lamp平台軟件安裝次序： httpd --> mysql --> php

yum源：

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo //mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo


#epel
yum install -y //mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
sed -i 's|^#baseurl=//download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=//mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

`安裝httpd`

#安裝開發工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'

#創建apache用戶和組
[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache

#安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ make

#下載和安裝apache，apr和apr-util
[root@localhost ~]# wget //mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget //mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget //mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0        apr-util-1.6.1    httpd-2.4.46 

[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
    cfgfile="${ofile}T"
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    # $RM "$cfgfile"        //將此行加上注釋，或者刪除此行

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/apr
....................................................配置過程
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
...................................編譯安裝過程

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# cd  /root/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
....................................配置過程
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
.........................................編譯安裝過程

#apache安裝
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /root/httpd-2.4.46
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
....................................配置過程
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# make && make install
............................編譯安裝過程
#安裝後配置
[root@localhost ~]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man     //添加此行
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80  //取消前面的注釋

#啟動apache
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*

`安裝MySQL`

#安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs

#創建用戶和組
[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

#下載二進制格式mysql軟件包
[root@localhost ~]# wget //downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

#解壓軟件
[root@localhost ~]# tar  -xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  /usr/local/mysql
'/usr/local/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*

#添加環境變量
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/myslq.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/myslq.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/  /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man  #添加man文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib

[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig 






#創建數據存放目錄
[root@localhost local]# mkdir  /mydata
[root@localhost local]# chown  -R mysql.mysql  /mydata/

#初始化數據庫
[root@localhost local]# mysqld  --initialize  --user=mysql   --datadir=/mydata
2021-01-01T07:38:58.366227Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-01-01T07:38:58.551752Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-01-01T07:38:58.582971Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-01-01T07:38:58.593654Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 68c0296b-4c04-11eb-a48e-000c2928a994.
2021-01-01T07:38:58.594268Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-01-01T07:38:59.115003Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-01-01T07:38:59.228479Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Jcselu.3md<w

#修改my.cnf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#添加以下內容
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /mydata/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve

[client-server]

#配置服務啟動腳本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqd
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. 

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mydata

#啟動mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*  

#使用臨時密碼登錄修改密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Jcselu.3md<w'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

yum安裝PHP

#安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd

[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install php-*
[root@localhost ~]# php -v
PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2019 08:28:36) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.2.24, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock #注釋此行
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000  #添加監聽端口

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start php-fp
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                        127.0.0.1:9000                      0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22

配置apache

啟用代理模塊

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so                  //取消注釋
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so      //取消注釋
#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so

創建虛擬主機目錄並生成php測試頁面

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/test
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/index.php
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#在配置文件的最後加入以下內容
<VirtualHost *:80>
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test"
        ServerName  www.testhhhh.com
        ProxyRequests   Off
        ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/$1
        <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test">
                Options none
                AllowOverride none
                Require all granted
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php      #添加此行
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps   #添加此行
.......................................................
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php  index.html   #添加index.php

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart