Oracle RMAN各類壓縮算法對比測試
1.背景概述
2.本次測試環境基本信息
3.測試步驟
3.1. 使用BCO進行壓縮備份
3.2. 不使用壓縮備份
3.3. 使用ACO中LOW級別進行壓縮備份
3.4. 使用ACO中MEDIUM級別進行壓縮備份
3.5. 使用ACO中HIGH級別進行壓縮備份
4.各類備份方式對比分析
4.1. 生成備份文件大小差異
4.2. 備份時長差異
4.3. 備份CPU資源差異
4.4. 備份Memory資源差異
4.5. 備份IO資源差異
5.總結
1.背景概述
本文是對Oracle RMAN各類壓縮算法的對比測試。
Oracle RMAN的各類壓縮算法：
Oracle 提供Basic Compression Option（BCO）和Advanced Compression Option（ACO）兩種選項，其中ACO又包含HIGH、MEDIUM、LOW三種壓縮級別。
2.本次測試環境基本信息
測試環境：AIX 7.1 + Oracle 11.2.0.4
測試數據量：93G
SQL> select sum(bytes/1024/1024/1024) "GB" from dba_segments;
GB
----------
93.4935303
RMAN當前配置選項：
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name jingyudb are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '+DATA/jingyudb/snapcf_jingyudb.f';
測試環境確認停止業務測試後，在準備期間發現數據庫仍有大量job在運行，為了儘可能避免其對測試結果的影響，申請設置參數禁止job運行（注意測試完成後要恢復原始設置）：
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
System altered.
RMAN備份配置：
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
3.測試步驟
3.1 使用BCO進行壓縮備份
RMAN設置壓縮備份的類型（默認就是這種壓縮備份算法）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
腳本名稱：rman01-basic.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
rman target / <<EOF >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
run {
backup
as compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
exit 0
腳本輸出日誌：rman01-basic.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:08:03 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 15:08:03 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1335 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2tv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:08:25
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_30v1og6f_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_31v1og6h_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2uv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:09:52
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2vv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:10:12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2sv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:13:23
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-05 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:21:30 CST 2020
=================================================
3.2 不使用壓縮備份
RMAN設置壓縮備份的類型：無需設置。
腳本名稱：rman02-nocomp.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
rman target / <<EOF >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
run {
backup
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
exit 0
腳本輸出日誌：rman02-nocomp.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:47:39 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 15:47:39 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_34v1oi0u_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:08
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_35v1oi0v_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:09
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_36v1oi0v_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:09
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_33v1oi0u_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:36
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_37v1oieb_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_38v1oiec_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-06 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:55:22 CST 2020
=================================================
3.3 使用ACO中LOW級別進行壓縮備份
RMAN設置壓縮備份的類型（壓縮算法設置為LOW，其他不變）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'LOW' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;
腳本名稱：rman03-low.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
rman target / <<EOF >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
run {
backup
as compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test03-low_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
exit 0
腳本輸出日誌：rman03-low.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:28:37 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:28:37 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_28v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:45
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2bv1oa39_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2cv1oa3e_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_29v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:25
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2av1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_27v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:05
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:33:46 CST 2020
=================================================
3.4 使用ACO中MEDIUM級別進行壓縮備份
RMAN設置壓縮備份的類型（壓縮算法設置為MEDIUM，其他不變）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'MEDIUM' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;
腳本名稱：rman04-medium.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
rman target / <<EOF >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
run {
backup
as compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
exit 0
腳本輸出日誌：rman04-medium.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:40:22 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:40:22 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2fv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:15
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2gv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:15
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2jv1oaq8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2iv1oaq8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2hv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2ev1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:51
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-03 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:46:18 CST 2020
=================================================
3.5 使用ACO中HIGH級別進行壓縮備份
RMAN設置壓縮備份的類型（壓縮算法設置為HIGH，其他不變）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;
腳本名稱：rman05-high.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
rman target / <<EOF >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
run {
backup
as compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test05-high_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
exit 0
腳本輸出日誌：rman05-high.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:49:57 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:49:57 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2mv1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:24:25
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2pv1oci1_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2qv1oci3_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2nv1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:46:52
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2ov1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:53:13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2lv1ob47_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:58:23
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-04 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 14:48:24 CST 2020
=================================================
4.各類備份方式對比分析
根據實際測試的結果，對比各類備份方式的差異。
4.1 生成備份文件大小差異
$ du -sg Test01-basic*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
17.31
$ du -sg Test02-nocomp*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
90.21
$ du -sg Test03-low*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
20.58
$ du -sg Test04-medium*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
16.67
$ du -sg Test05-high*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
10.49
從本次測試結果來看，當前環境下，各類備份方式生成備份文件大小：
不使用壓縮（90.21G） > ACO-low（20.58G） > BCO-basic（17.31G） > ACO-medium（16.67G） > ACO-high（10.49G）。
4.2 備份時長差異
$BCO-basic（13分27秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:08:03 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:21:30 CST 2020
$不使用壓縮（7分43秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:47:39 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:55:22 CST 2020
$ACO-low（5分9秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:28:37 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:33:46 CST 2020
$ACO-medium（5分56秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:40:22 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:46:18 CST 2020
$ACO-high（58分27秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:49:57 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 14:48:24 CST 2020
從本次測試結果來看，當前環境下，各類備份方式備份時長差異：ACO-high（58分27秒） > BCO-basic（13分27秒） > 不使用壓縮（7分43秒） > ACO-medium（5分56秒） > ACO-low（5分9秒）。
4.3 備份CPU資源差異
使用OSW採集到的數據進行分析，只需關注 13:00 – 16:00 這個時間區間內的情況。
java -Duser.language=en -Duser.country=us -jar oswbba.jar -i /Users/jingyuzhao/Documents/oswbb/archive/ -b Jun 2 13:00:00 2020 -e Jun 2 16:00:00 2020
綜上，可以看到CPU主要都是User消耗的：在使用ACO-low備份期間（13:28:37 – 13:33:46），CPU使用率為10%左右；在使用ACO-medium備份期間（13:40:22 – 13:46:18），CPU使用率為37%左右；在使用ACO-high備份期間（13:49:57 – 14:48:24），CPU使用率為40%左右；在使用BCO-basic壓縮備份期間（15:08:03 – 15:21:30），CPU使用率為40%左右；在不使用壓縮備份期間（15:47:39 – 15:55:22），CPU使用率為1%左右。
4.4 備份Memory資源差異
綜上，可以看到Memory的free實際在幾次備份看不出明顯差異，從swap使用來看也同樣沒有明顯差異（上下浮動不到100MB）。從現有的內存監控數據來看，各類備份看不出對內存有明顯的差異。
4.5 備份IO資源差異
綜上，可以看到IO主要集中在hdisk0、hdisk1、hdisk2三塊盤：在使用ACO-low備份期間（13:28:37 – 13:33:46），IO使用率為100%左右；在使用ACO-medium備份期間（13:40:22 – 13:46:18），IO使用率為100%左右；在使用ACO-high備份期間（13:49:57 – 14:48:24），IO使用率平均在15%左右；在使用BCO-basic壓縮備份期間（15:08:03 – 15:21:30），IO使用率為50%左右；在不使用壓縮備份期間（15:47:39 – 15:55:22），IO使用率為100%左右。
5.總結
本文檔對5種類型的備份方式分別進行了實際測試和對比分析，下面將相關結論總結為下表：
| 備份時間 | 壓縮類型 | 備份時長 | 備份文件大小 | CPU使用 | Memory | IO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13:28:37 – 13:33:46 | ACO-low | 5分9秒 | 20.58GB | 10% | 不明顯 | 100% |
| 13:40:22 – 13:46:18 | ACO-medium | 5分56秒 | 16.67GB | 37% | 不明顯 | 100% |
| 13:49:57 – 14:48:24 | ACO-high | 58分27秒 | 10.49GB | 40% | 不明顯 | 15% |
| 15:08:03 – 15:21:30 | BCO-basic | 13分27秒 | 17.31GB | 40% | 不明顯 | 50% |
| 15:47:39 – 15:55:22 | 不使用壓縮 | 7分43秒 | 90.21GB | 1% | 不明顯 | 100% |
整體來看，如果沒有特殊的需求，BCO的basic已經可以滿足需求；如果確認選用ACO，可以看到ACO-low級別CPU使用率最低，備份文件要比BCO-basic偏大；ACO-medium級別在CPU使用率、備份時長、備份文件大小都要比BCO-basic有所提升；而ACO-high級別的備份，雖然備份文件是最小的，但消耗時間過長，要謹慎使用。
另外需要特別說明的是，Oracle官方也在文檔中明確提到，不同壓縮級別的性能具體表現如何，取決於實際環境，所以本文測試結論只局限於該測試環境和數據情況，如果其他環境需要選擇，還需要針對性進行測試。
