150+行Python代码实现带界面的数独游戏
- 2020 年 4 月 3 日
- 笔记
150行代码实现图形化数独游戏
Github地址,欢迎各位大佬们fork、star啥的,感谢;
今天闲着没事干,以前做过html+js版的数独,这次做个python版本的,界面由pygame完成,数独生成由递归算法实现,由shuffle保证每次游戏都是不一样的情况,have fun;
功能列表:
- 图形化的数独游戏;
- python实现,依赖pygame库;
- 随机生成游戏,每次运行都不一样;
- 数字填入后的正确性判断以及颜色提示;
- 显示剩余需填入的空格,已经操作的次数;
- 难度可选,通过修改需要填入的空的数量;
游戏界面
初始界面
过程中界面
运行方式
python main.py 15
这里的15表示需要填入的空格数量为15,理论上这个值越大,难度就越高,大家可以随机调整,或者设置容易、简单、困难、地狱等对应不同的值即可,很方便修改;
程序分析
界面部分
这部分很简单的通过pygame来实现,主要使用了其中的主循环、鼠标键盘监听、画矩形线条、字体、颜色控制等,理解起来很容易,对于这部分不太熟悉的同学,这样理解就好:pygame的主循环中一方面负责接收用户输入,一般就是鼠标和键盘,另一方面负责实时更新界面显示内容;
对于界面上各部分内容的绘制的函数封装
# 绘制背景部分,这里就是9*9的九宫格 def draw_background(): # white background screen.fill(COLORS['white']) # draw game board pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5) # 将用户选中的各自背景改为蓝色块表示选中 def draw_choose(): pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0) # 绘制九宫格中的数字,包括本来就有的,以及用户填入的,本来就在的用灰色,用户填入的如何合法则为绿色,否则为红色,是一种提示 def draw_number(): for i in range(len(MATRIX)): for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])): _color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray'] txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color) x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10 screen.blit(txt,(x,y)) # 绘制最下方的当前空格子数量以及用户的操作数量 def draw_context(): txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+' Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black']) x,y = 10,900 screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
主循环中对上述函数的调用以及鼠标键盘事件处理
# 主循环,负责监听鼠标键盘时间,以及刷新界面内容,以及检查是否赢得了游戏 running = True while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False break elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100) elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP: if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ: MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key)) cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row]) cur_change_size +=1 # background draw_background() # choose item draw_choose() # numbers draw_number() # point draw_context() # flip pygame.display.flip() # check win or not if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX): print('You win, smarty ass!!!') break pygame.quit()
生成表示数独的二维数组
相对于界面部分,这部分在逻辑上要难一些,思路以递归为核心,辅以随机性,得到一个每次生成都不一致的数独游戏,生成思路简单描述如下:
- 遍历每个空格,填入目前为止合法的数字;
- 如果有数字可以填入,则继续向下一个空格;
- 如果没有数字可以填入,表示之前的数字有问题,则结束递归;
- 当递归到最后一个格子的下一个时,表示已经生成完毕,返回即可;
- 这个过程中对1~9这九个数字的遍历数字会经过shuffle处理,保证随机性而不是每次都得到同一个合法的数独数组;
生成过程代码
递归的一个优势是通常代码都很短,当然阅读性不强,欢迎大佬们改为循环;
def shuffle_number(_list): random.shuffle(_list) return _list def check(matrix,i,j,number): if number in matrix[i]: return False if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]: return False group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3) if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]: return False return True def build_game(matrix,i,j,number): if i>8 or j>8: return matrix if check(matrix,i,j,number): _matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix] _matrix[i][j] = number next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1) for _number in shuffle_number(number_list): __matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number) if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9): return __matrix return None
随机覆盖数独数组中的N个位置
- matrix_all表示整个数独数组
- matrix_blank表示部分被替换为0的用于显示的数组
- blank_ij表示被覆盖位置的i和j
def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9): matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list)) set_ij = set() while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size: set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))) matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all] blank_ij = [] for ij in list(set_ij): i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1]) blank_ij.append((i,j)) matrix_blank[i][j] = 0 return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij
最后附上全部代码
大家也可以直接从我的Github仓库fork下来直接运行;
main.py:主流程+界面+执行
import sys import pygame from pygame.color import THECOLORS as COLORS from build import print_matrix,give_me_a_game,check def draw_background(): # white background screen.fill(COLORS['white']) # draw game board pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5) pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5) def draw_choose(): pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0) def check_win(matrix_all,matrix): if matrix_all == matrix: return True return False def check_color(matrix,i,j): _matrix = [[col for col in row]for row in matrix] _matrix[i][j] = 0 if check(_matrix,i,j,matrix[i][j]): return COLORS['green'] return COLORS['red'] def draw_number(): for i in range(len(MATRIX)): for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])): _color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray'] txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color) x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10 screen.blit(txt,(x,y)) def draw_context(): txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+' Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black']) x,y = 10,900 screen.blit(txt,(x,y)) if __name__ == "__main__": # init pygame pygame.init() # contant SIZE = [900,1000] font80 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 80) font100 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 90) # create screen 500*500 screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE) # variable parameter cur_i, cur_j = 0,0 cur_blank_size = int(sys.argv[1]) cur_change_size = 0 # matrix abount MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX,BLANK_IJ = give_me_a_game(blank_size=cur_blank_size) print(BLANK_IJ) print_matrix(MATRIX) # main loop running = True while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False break elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100) elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP: if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ: MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key)) cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row]) cur_change_size +=1 # background draw_background() # choose item draw_choose() # numbers draw_number() # point draw_context() # flip pygame.display.flip() # check win or not if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX): print('You win, smarty ass!!!') break pygame.quit()
build.py:生成数独数组部分
import random def print_matrix(matrix): print('—'*19) for row in matrix: print('|'+' '.join([str(col) for col in row])+'|') print('—'*19) def shuffle_number(_list): random.shuffle(_list) return _list def check(matrix,i,j,number): if number in matrix[i]: return False if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]: return False group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3) if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]: return False return True def build_game(matrix,i,j,number): if i>8 or j>8: return matrix if check(matrix,i,j,number): _matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix] _matrix[i][j] = number next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1) for _number in shuffle_number(number_list): #_matrixs.append(build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number)) __matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number) if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9): return __matrix #return _matrixs return None def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9): matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list)) set_ij = set() while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size: set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))) matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all] blank_ij = [] for ij in list(set_ij): i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1]) blank_ij.append((i,j)) matrix_blank[i][j] = 0 return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij number_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] matrix = [([0]*9) for i in range(9)] if __name__ == "__main__": print_matrix(build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list)))
总结
如果刻意减少代码的话,实际应该控制在100行以内,这也充分表达了python的强大,确实可以在很短的时间内完成一些看似复杂的工作,这个例子供一些同学上手python个人觉得还是不错的,没有太复杂的用法,对界面开发有一点点了解,对递归有一些理解基本就能完全掌握这份代码,希望大家玩的开心,挑战一下50个空格呗,哈哈,反正我没通过,太难了。。。。
最后
大家可以到我的Github上看看有没有其他需要的东西,目前主要是自己做的机器学习项目、Python各种脚本工具、有意思的小项目以及Follow的大佬、Fork的项目等:
https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi